Sparta and Athens are the two most important city states in ancient Greece. Both of them consolidated their rule in their own way and created glory in history.

1 Of course, I'd like to live in Athens. Although Athens is also a slave city-state, it has primitive democracy and is a slave democracy. Sparta, like a military country, cannot do without the army.

2, carry forward democratic politics, ease the contradiction between slave owners and slaves, and be friendly to foreign countries.

3. The Colosseum, the full name of which is the Colosseum, also translated as the Colosseum, Colosseum, Colosseum, formerly known as the Flavium Colosseum, is located in the center of Rome, Italy today and is the largest Colosseum in ancient Rome. It was built between 72 and 82 AD for 40,000 prisoners of war. The Colosseum was built for savage slave owners and hooligans to watch the battle.

From the aspects of function, scale, technology and artistic style, the Colosseum is one of the representative works of ancient Roman architecture. Its construction speed is also a miracle.

The Colosseum is flat and rectangular, which is equivalent to the relative integration of the auditorium of two ancient Roman theaters. Colosseum major axis 188m, minor axis 156m, central "performance area" major axis 86m, minor axis 54m. There are about 60 rows of seats in the auditorium, which rise in rows and are divided into five areas. The front area is the honor seat, the last two areas are the seats of the lower class, and the middle area is occupied by citizens with higher status such as knights. The honor seat is more than 5 meters higher than the "performance area", and the height difference between the lower audience seat and the knight seat is also more than 6 meters. Security measures at the top of society are very strict. The audience on the top floor leaned back against the wall of the facade. The total ascending slope of the auditorium is close to 62%, and the viewing conditions are very good.

The Colosseum in Rome was built by three emperors of the Flavian dynasty, and its official name is Flavian Arena. Its construction is part of a series of movements initiated by the family of this new dynasty to improve its position in the public. Wei Paxiang (69-79 AD) was the founder of this dynasty, and his background was not noble. One year after Nero's suicide, Rome experienced the failure of three short-lived emperors, and Weipa Mi subsequently acceded to the throne. Nero was not forgotten at that time; The vast land and other luxuries he embezzled aroused public anger. Therefore, when Wei Pa-peng decided to fill up the artificial lake belonging to Nero's luxurious golden palace and turn it into a public entertainment place, almost no one raised any objection.

This stone-built Colosseum in Rome (length188m; Width156m; 57 meters high), composed of travertine (65,438+million cubic meters, collected from a quarry near Tiveli and transported to Rome by a special road), is the largest amphitheater in Rome. It is believed that about 300 tons of iron is used to make grapples for connecting stones.

From the outside, the Colosseum consists of a series of three-story circular arcades, with the fourth floor being the highest. The stone pillars in the three-story arcade are designed according to classical standards (from the ground, Dorian style, Ionian style, Corinthian style). Under the eaves on the 4th floor, there are 240 hollow protruding parts for inserting wooden sticks to support the "canopy". Velarium is the sunshade canvas of the amphitheater, and the sailors of the Royal Fleet are responsible for supporting it to help the audience avoid the heat, rain and cold, so that the Colosseum in Rome became a transparent dome arena in the 1 century.

The Colosseum in Rome can accommodate more than 80,000 spectators.

People. * * * There are three floors.

Bit; On the lower, middle and upper floors, there is also a stand on the top floor, which is for the lowest social members: women, slaves and the poor. But even on other floors, seats are arranged according to social status and professional status: special boxes owned by royal family members and virgins watching the flame. Senators in white and red robes sit on the "singing seat" on the same floor; Then there are soldiers and civilians. People from different occupations also have special seats, such as soldiers, writers, scholars, teachers and foreign monks. The audience enters the Colosseum from 80 arches on the first floor. There are 160 exits on each floor, which are called spits. The audience can enter and exit through these exits, so the chaotic and out-of-control crowd can be quickly evacuated (it is said that it can be emptied in ten minutes).

4. The Aegean civilization in Greece is the beginning of European civilization (Minoan civilization). At the same time, Greek civilization, especially Athens civilization, is an important source of materials for the Renaissance and Enlightenment in Europe, and also the beginning of the recovery of experimental science in modern Europe.

As for Roman civilization, it is recognized that it has three major influences on European civilization: the first is military, that is, the use of force to turn the Mediterranean into an inland sea; The second is very important, that is, religion, that is, Christianity, which is an extremely important part of European civilization; The third is law, Roman law and Roman court practice are the beginning of all European and American legal systems.

1. The word philosophy used by modern westerners originated in ancient Greece.

2. The achievements of natural science and humanities in ancient Greece and Rome have become the source of modern western science.

3. Ancient Greece is the hometown of European drama.

The painting art of ancient Rome has a great influence on modern western painting.