Seeking experience in teaching hygiene to young children

How to create a good language environment for young children

To create a good language environment for young children, we must enrich their lives. Because life is the source of language, only a rich life can provide a good environment for rich language. Therefore, in education work, it is necessary to create a rich and colorful living environment for children, increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons, expand and deepen their knowledge and understanding of the things around them, promote the development of their thinking, and cultivate their good oral expression skills.

1. Master the rules of children’s language learning and carry out planned training and training

(1) Develop children’s language through direct perception and understanding of surrounding things

< p> When young children learn language, they must be closely connected with the real people, objects, nature and social phenomena around them. Through direct perception through various senses, hearing, seeing, touching, touching, tasting, smelling, etc., we can acquire all the knowledge around us and then develop children's language. The development of language improves children's cognitive ability, and the expansion of the scope of understanding and the deepening of content enriches children's language. Therefore, attention should be paid to the close integration of the development of language communication skills with the development of cognitive abilities. According to the characteristics of children's intuitive perception, create conditions for children to enrich their life content, understand the world in practice, and develop children's language. Teachers can take students to observe flowers, plants and trees on campus to increase their understanding of flowers, plants and trees and increase their interest. By planting and caring for flowers and plants, we not only enrich our knowledge, but also cultivate our sentiments, allowing children to fully feel the beauty of nature and the various changes in nature. The content of children's life is enriched and their ideas are broadened. Let them use their hands, brains, and mouths to enrich knowledge and develop language in children's direct perception.

(2) In language education activities, develop children’s thinking ability

Language and thinking are closely related. The main function of language in thinking activities is to participate in the formation of thinking. Without language Thinking cannot proceed, and the results of thinking activities must be expressed in language. The development of children's thinking ability and the development of language ability proceed simultaneously. The process of children mastering language is also the process of thinking development; and the development of thinking promotes the development of language conception ability, logical ability and language expression ability.

The traditional model of language education in kindergartens is injection-based. This is because the way children learn language is by "listening" and imitating "speaking" after listening. Children have recited some children's songs, poems, stories and other literary works, but not much thought has been given to how to use and develop children's creative thinking. In the process of early childhood education, various forms should be used to develop children's observation, memory, imagination and thinking skills. In order to cultivate children's basic ability to use language to communicate, children should not only have the ability to imitate language, but also learn to draw inferences from one example. , will be able to fill in the content and express new meanings according to the original language examples, thus possessing oral expression ability. For example, when the teacher was reading "I Make Clothes for the Moon", some children asked: "Why doesn't the moon have any clothes that fit?" In order to cultivate the children's curiosity, they said: "Yes! Why?" The teacher suggested that the children observe every night Moon changes. After a period of observation, the teacher asked the children to talk about how the moon changes. The child said: "Sometimes it looks like a small hook, sometimes it looks like a boat, sometimes it looks like a semicircle... Because it is always changing, there is no way to make clothes that fit it." During the actual observation, the children came to conclusions and enriched their knowledge. In practical activities, children use their hands and brains to develop their attention, observation, analysis, comparison and judgment abilities. Educate young children to always maintain active and positive emotions towards the things around them, making them eager for knowledge, loving to use their brains to think, able to discover problems, ask questions, and make preliminary correct judgments and generalizations from the connections between things, and develop Improve children's cognitive and language abilities. In addition, in language education activities, attention should be paid to using comprehensive educational methods to better achieve educational goals. For example, after telling the story of "a tadpole looking for its mother", the teacher asked the children to tear up paper, use plasticine and various natural objects, and each child made a set of story characters: frog, tadpole, goose, goldfish, turtle, etc. After finishing the story, let the children demonstrate and tell it at the same time, which deepens the children's memory and understanding of the story, and mobilizes the children's enthusiasm, creativity and imagination for learning. In language education, children are allowed to learn actively and lively, so that their creative thinking can be developed.

2. Let children see more, listen more, speak more, and practice more

Only when children truly learn to speak and express their wishes in correct sentences can they speak freely. By interacting with others, you can better accept the knowledge and experience imparted by adults. In educational work, teachers should purposefully enrich children's life content, increase children's knowledge, broaden children's horizons, and cultivate children's multi-faceted interests. Let them know that there are many things that are unclear and unknown in the vast nature, and inspire children's desire for knowledge. Guide children to observe carefully, analyze and think carefully, expand and deepen their knowledge and understanding of things around them, and develop children's oral expression ability.

(1) See more

During the teaching process, teachers should lead children to observe directly in a planned way and create more conditions for children. Use intuitive and visual methods to arouse children's interest in learning. For example: before telling the story of "spring" to children, first tell them: "Spring is here, and there are some changes in big trees, weather, people, flowers, grass, and small animals. As soon as you see these changes, you know that spring is here." , look for it and see what changes have occurred in spring. I will tell you about it later. "After the children come home, observe and search carefully. After the teacher finishes telling the story, he asks them: "In addition to the big tree and the small tree in the story. In addition to the changes in grass and small animals, how do you know that spring has arrived? "Children speak actively based on their own observation and judgment, personal experience. The child said: "The little swallow flew back; the mother frog had a baby - a tadpole; the grass secretly emerged from the soil; spring is here, and you can fly a kite." Wait, the child listed many of them Children are very interested in life experiences.

Another example is when teaching children the vocabulary "colorful", bring them to a beautiful flower bed and let them see what colors the flowers have. The children look at it and say: "Red, yellow, white..." and then let the children count how many colors there are. They counted while counting, and they counted several kinds. The teacher told them: "The flowers are so beautiful, so colorful." The children immediately understood the meaning of the vocabulary, and when they walked to another flower bed, the children themselves reflected: "How beautiful these colorful flowers are!"

Picture books are spiritual food for children and a literary form that they love. It has a vivid and lovely image, bright and beautiful colors, and is deeply loved by young children. To make books play their role, teachers and parents also need specific guidance. It is not enough to just buy books for young children, but also to teach them how to read books. Young children cannot understand the meaning of the book and cannot receive good results. For example, use the following methods to guide children to read picture books. First, teach children how to read a book. Get a set of pictures and ask them to read the numbers first or arrange them according to the plot. Then find the main characters in the book, remember their images, observe their movements, and imagine them in the book. What to do? Associations are combined into stories. For example, "Hedgehog Tree" is composed of 6 paintings. Let the children find each painting in order, look at (1), look at (2)... In the second step, let the children see who is in it? The third step is to let the children see what they are doing? What happened? After reading, ask the children to tell the story based on their own understanding and imagination. In this way, although children do not know a single word, they can see the content in the painting and tell stories based on the content of the painting, which not only enriches their knowledge but also develops their language expression ability.

(2) Listen more

Cultivating children to listen attentively is a prerequisite for developing children’s expressive ability. When children learn language, they must first learn to listen, listen accurately, and understand, and then they have the conditions to imitate-speak correctly. Storytelling is a basic method of introducing literary works to young children. Because young children are illiterate, they are the audience for literary works. To introduce illiterate children into the world of literature, you need to find someone to teach them and make them listen carefully to achieve the purpose of education.

Actively create a listening environment for young children, which can be diverse. For example, listen to recorded stories to children or listen to other people telling stories; invite children to talk, listen to and talk to each other; lead children to listen to a variety of sounds: the sounds of musical instruments, the sounds of animals... Let the children imitate, imagine, and tell what they heard. The voice that arrived seemed to be saying something. Letting children listen more is to develop the ability to listen and distinguish the surrounding sounds, develop the children's auditory organs, and strengthen the analysis of the sound structure of language. Cultivate good listening habits in children, requiring them to be able to listen, understand, and listen carefully without interrupting others. This is also a manifestation of civilized habits.

(3) Talk more

In order to develop children's expressive ability, it is not only necessary to develop children's listening ability, but also to cultivate children's speaking ability. We need to create a "speaking" environment for young children, practice speaking while speaking, and in daily life, use all opportunities for contact with young children to have conversations and build relationships during conversations so that they are free and willing to speak out. When children use inappropriate language, teachers promptly correct them.

Teachers should be good at using the scattered time when children come to kindergarten, after meals, games, and leaving kindergarten to talk to children in a planned and purposeful manner. During the conversation, it is easy for teachers and children to communicate emotionally, and the relationship can become closer. Children are willing to tell the teacher anything they have to do. This has a positive effect on children's development of language skills and the formation of correct attitudes towards things. When teachers organize children to study together, they should pay more attention to inspiring children's enthusiasm for learning and overcome the teaching method of teachers telling children to listen. We must also overcome the practice of letting others speak if they speak well and not letting others speak if they speak poorly. Encourage young children that it’s okay if they say something wrong, the teacher will help. Teachers should pay attention to giving each child the opportunity to "talk". Children learn language by "listening" and imitating "speaking" after listening. Therefore, we need to create a "speaking" environment for children, let them practice "speaking", learn "speaking", and speak by speaking.

(4) Practice more

The task of developing children's language expression ability is mainly to cultivate children's correct pronunciation, clear enunciation, enrich children's vocabulary, and be able to use it correctly. Teach young children to speak according to Chinese grammar rules. These contents must be learned and mastered through language practice. This requires children to practice more, practice repeatedly, and gradually master it. Provide opportunities for children to practice more and create an environment for more practice. If children's pronunciation is inaccurate, teachers and parents should pay attention to timely correction and practice, so that they can master it quickly and speak well. Children often utter sentences that do not conform to the language structure, such as: "Teacher, I want a book for Little Muddleheaded God." The teacher will correct him and say: "Teacher, I want a book for Little Muddleheaded God." Have the children say it twice. In this way, children will gradually learn to speak. Another example is "teacher," children often say "Lao Xi", etc. Whenever children use words inappropriately, the teacher will correct them and ask the children to repeat the practice. Children learn language mainly by imitation. Therefore, we need to take the trouble to let children practice more.

3. Teach children polite language and cultivate good language habits

Politeness is people’s moral code and the rules for getting along with others. Politeness includes two aspects: one is polite behavior, and the other is polite language. The combination of the two can give people a good impression of being humble, civilized, respectful and generous. A person's moral cultivation, ideological outlook, cultural level, and social identity can be reflected in his words, tone of voice, and behavior. Politeness also reflects the mental state of a nation. Therefore, politeness education should start from an early age. Teachers should create conditions and environments for children to use polite language, so that children can use polite language and have good language habits from an early age. To cultivate children's polite words and deeds, we should start from the following aspects:

Educate children to respect their elders and adults. Children are required to use polite language to greet and address people proactively, enthusiastically and generously, and to say hello, hello and goodbye.

Educate children to say: "Please help me..." when they encounter difficulties and need help. After receiving help, they will say: "Thank you".

Teach your children to take the initiative and sincerely apologize when they inadvertently affect others, and when others affect themselves, they can restrain and forgive others, and say: "It doesn't matter, it doesn't matter."

Educate children not to interrupt or interfere when others are talking; when adults are talking to themselves, they should listen attentively, not interrupt others, not leave, and not get bored. Say hello when there is something urgent that needs to be discussed in a timely manner. When others ask questions to you, answer them carefully.

Educate children to have good language habits. When speaking, the voice should be loud so that everyone can hear it; the speed should be moderate, neither fast nor slow; the language should be accurate and the enunciation should be clear. When speaking, look at the other person, don't look around, be careless, and don't curse.

When educating these civilized and polite words and deeds, we should always adhere to "the combination of positive education and specific behaviors" so that children can intuitively understand the meaning of polite words and use them correctly.

For example, on the issue of address, we teach children to use polite language to address others according to different ages and different occasions. When you see old people, you know how to call them: "grandpa, grandma;" when you see people who look like students, you know how to call them: "big brother, big sister;" when people in the class come to visit or watch classes, you know how to ask: "Hello, guest." wait. Through repeated education, children have mastered many personal nouns, and they will gradually become able to address people reasonably.

In addition, using literary works, such as stories, poems, etc., to educate children and cultivate their "language beauty" is also a very important way of education. For example, through the poem "The Guest is Coming", the children will know that when the mother is not at home, the guest is coming. The child should entertain the guest warmly and politely like the host, pour the guest a cup of tea and say: "Auntie, please drink tea." When leaving, he will say to the door: "Goodbye, aunt." Children learn polite words and deeds from written works, and apply them to daily life, using polite language to communicate. This is also the moral trend of the whole society. We should all be role models for our children, set an example everywhere, and be gentle and polite in our speech.

In short, when cultivating children's language, we must grasp the actual situation of each child, grasp the rules of children's language learning, and carry out training and training in a planned way, so that children can see more, listen more, speak more, and learn more. Practice more, develop good language habits, and create a good language environment. Then, children's language will definitely develop healthily.

Children’s language develops in a certain language environment and language communication. Different types of language education activities carry different contents of children's language learning. Diversified language education activities are conducive to promoting the development of children's spoken language, the improvement of language skills, and the cultivation of emotions. Due to their unique characteristics in educational content and form, Therefore, all aspects of children's language development needs are taken into consideration. To this end I have done some useful exploration.

1. Imitation learning and telling

To communicate and express their emotions correctly and appropriately, children must have a factual sentence, vocabulary and speaking skills to do this. a little. Let young children learn to retell many children's songs, short stories or highlights in kindergarten and at home. It is an effective way for young children to accumulate vocabulary and narrative experience and improve their language ability. Therefore, I carried out activities such as "telling stories", "telling advertisements", and "reciting ancient poems and children's poems" in the class. Letting young children retell stories, advertisements, and recite poems is to a large extent just a simple imitation of ready-made literary works without creation. However, in this process, young children can accumulate a lot of language experience. When you use it again, it becomes your own language. For example, there was a child in the class who had extremely tender skin and was covered in blisters from mosquito bites. When their parents came to pick them up after school, the children told the parents of the toddler that they were going to buy "Baby Gold Water" for a bath, and even sang the "Baby Gold Water" advertising song. The parent was persuaded by the children and went to buy Gu's relatively expensive "Baby Gold Water" that day. Another time, during recess activities, one of the two children was playing Brother Monkey and the other was playing Bajie. Brother Monkey was teaching Bajie a lesson and said: "Lazy pig, stupid pig, greedy pig, I will beat you to pieces, your bones will fall into pieces, your flowers and water will fall, and not a scrap of your armor will be left." Bajie begged for mercy and said: "Brother Monkey, you have already beaten me to the point where my ears are blue and my nose is blue." It's swollen, sore in the waist and back, and hurts the muscles and bones, isn't that okay?" His tone was also very dedicated. There are quite a few scenes like this that surprise me. I asked them where they learned it from, and they told me that they learned it from a certain story, an advertisement, an animation, or a TV series.

2. Use creative narration

In daily life and game activities, strive to create a free and relaxed language environment, support and encourage children, and attract children to talk, experience and communicate with others. pleasure. Learn to use appropriate polite language in your interactions. This is the spirit of the outline and an effective way to promote children's language development. I let the children act as "commodity salesmen" and create and imitate some advertising slogans to promote sales. "Continuing stories" and "Creating stories" give children space for imagination and thinking, and opportunities for free language expression. "Ten-minute news broadcast" allows children to talk about anecdotes heard on TV and among Murakami children, and use game time , Create environmental conditions for children’s language communication. In the activities, I pay attention to the matching of strong and weak, the interaction between teachers and students, and the interaction between children to cultivate children's speech organization and communication skills. In these activities, children use the sentence vocabulary, speaking speed, and pronunciation obtained through imitation learning based on their existing narration experience to creatively tell their own advertisements, stories, and news for language communication.

Unknowingly, all aspects of the language have been greatly improved.

3. Individual conversation guidance

The "Outline" points out that: children's language learning has individualized characteristics, and individual communication between teachers and children, free conversations between children, etc., are of great significance to The language development of young children is of special significance. For this reason, I often focus on selecting individual children for guidance, providing timely individual encouragement and individual correction. For example, some children's self-confidence and communication skills are not strong, and their voices are very soft during various activities. I observed that it is not that they cannot answer, but they are afraid of answering and afraid of other children's jokes, which has caused an uncertain psychological burden on themselves. , in response to this situation, I use encouragement, praise, talking, telling stories and other methods to improve the child's self-confidence. With self-confidence, the teacher no longer has to remind him to "talk louder and bolder." He inadvertently The words were loud, complete, and fluent, and even I couldn't believe that I was actually great. For children with unclear speech, I found that most of them were spoiled by their parents when they were young. In fact, their vocal organs developed normally, but it was just a matter of their speaking habits. I insisted on correcting them by asking them to speak 1-2 sentences proficiently in standard Mandarin every day. Their pronunciation habits have played a very good role. Give prompt and individual reminders to children who speak loudly, and correct incorrect pronunciation individually.

The "Outline" points out that "guide children to contact excellent children's literature so that they can feel the richness and beauty of language, and help children deepen their experience and understanding of the works through a variety of activities."

The artistic conception of children's literature is fantastic and blurred, and the words and sentences are fresh and bright. Children can absorb rich nourishment of beauty from it. Children's poetry appreciation should vigorously promote aesthetics and reduce cognitive requirements. By creating an emotional atmosphere, literary works can encourage children to experience and understand the works and receive emotional education easily and naturally.

Literary appreciation is a transition from rational analysis of works to the use of direct thinking, emphasizing feelings and understanding. Using a variety of activities during appreciation can help children deepen their experience and understanding of the works. For example: let children recite and taste the work repeatedly, so that they can consciously immerse themselves in the rhyme and imagination of the work. Let the children appreciate the pictures together, close their eyes, and imagine the pictures while listening. Draw the scenes described in the work through your own imagination. Through the integration of sound and animation through television media, children can enter the realm of art. Ask the children to talk about how they feel through appreciation. After special appreciation activities, use the little time in daily life, such as before meals, after sleep, and free activity time, to let children use their own intelligence, interests, hobbies, personality differences, free imagination, and imitate recitation works to grieve with the protagonist. The desire, love, and passion for animals create a buzzing sound that enters the character.

Understood the spirit of the "Outline" to expand children's language experience through rich and colorful activities and provide conditions and opportunities to promote language development. We can find ways to promote early childhood language