I am interested in history. Can you tell me something about Dou Jiande?

Dou Jiande (573-621.8.3), a native of Zhang Nan, Zhou Bei (now northeast of the old city of Hebei), was the early leader of the Hebei Rebel Army in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties.

Dou Jiande's family has been farming for generations, claiming that the father of Empress An Chenghou is a descendant of Dou Chong. I have some property at home. When Dou Jiande was young, he celebrated the Chivalrous Festival (The Biography of Dou Jiande in the New Tang Dynasty). Once, a fellow villager lost his relatives at home because his family was too poor to be buried. At that time, Dou Jiande was farming in Tanaka. When he heard this, he sighed and gave his own cow to his fellow villagers for the funeral. As a result, he was respected by the whole village. On another occasion, several thieves robbed Dou Jiande's house at night, and Dou Jiande stood by the door. After the thief entered the house, he killed three people. The rest of the thieves were too scared to enter the house again. The thieves had to take back the bodies of the three men. Dou Jiande said, "You can take them away by throwing a rope" (The Biography of Dou Jiande in the New Tang Dynasty). The thief then threw the rope into the house. Dou Jiande tied the rope to himself and let the thief pull it out. Dou Jiande immediately jumped up with a knife and killed several people. Since then, he has become more famous. From then on, Dou Jiande became the warden. He fled because he broke the law and could only go home after receiving Amnesty. When Dou Jiande's father died, there were more than 1000 mourners in the village. People don't accept his gifts.

In the seventh year of the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (665,438+065,438+0), Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di drafted an army to attack Korea (see "The First Battle of Yang Di Attacking Korea"), and Dou Jiande was called into the army. The county elected brave and outstanding leaders, and Dou Jiande was elected as the leader of 200 people for his bravery. At that time, there was a flood in Shandong, and Sun Anzu's home in the same county as Dou Jiande was flooded, and his wife and children starved to death. The county magistrate saw that Sun Anzu was brave and was elected to the army. Sun Anzu told the county magistrate that his family was poor and he was unwilling to join the army. The magistrate was furious and sentenced to flogging. Sun Anzu was so angry that he killed the magistrate and went to Dou Jiande. Dou Jiande secretly let Sun Anzu go. When there was a great famine in Shandong that year, Dou Jiande said to Sun Anzu, "When Emperor Wen was in power, the world was prosperous and he sent millions of people to attack Liaodong, but he was defeated by North Korea. Today, water is a disaster, Li Shu is poor, but God has no compassion. He has come to Liao country, and last year's western expedition, the injury has not healed, and the people are exhausted. After years of fighting, the traveler did not come back. Today, he sends his troops again, and he is easily shaken. When her husband died, she made great contributions. How could he be a fugitive? I know that there are hundreds of miles in the high cumulonimbus, and Wanpu is deeply blocked, so I can escape from the house and plunder enough to support myself. If we get together and watch the time change, we will make great contributions to the world "(Biography of Dou Jiande in the Old Tang Dynasty). Sun Anzu acted according to the plan. Later, Dou Jiande helped Sun Anzu assemble hundreds of poor and lower-middle peasants and soldiers who refused to move eastward, occupied Gaojibo (now southwest of the ancient city of Hebei) hundreds of miles east of Zhangnan County, and mobilized troops to resist Sui. Sun Anzu called himself a general, nicknamed "Touch the Sheep".

At that time, Zhang Jin, a native of Qinghe County (now Xiajin, Shandong Province), said that he had gathered more than 1000 people, and Gao Shida, a native of Bohai North County (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province), led more than1000 people to rebel in Qinghe area, and traveled to and from Zhang Nan area, burning and looting wherever they went, but they did not harass Dou Jiande villages. The county suspected that Jiande was having an affair with them and arrested and killed his family. Dou Jiande led two hundred people to rebel, Gao Shida claimed to be Donghai Gong and appointed Dou Jiande as a soldier. After Sun Anzu was killed by Zhang Jin, thousands of his men returned to Dou Jiande. Since then, the power has gradually grown to 10,000 people, still in Gaojichi. Dou Jiande leans over and takes things, and can share joys and sorrows with the soldiers, so the soldiers are willing to work for them (see Dou Jiande Uprising).

In the 12th year of Daye (6 16), in December, Commander Sui led more than 10,000 people to attack. Gao Shida thought that he was not as clever as Dou Jiande, so he took Dou Jiande as a Sima and asked him to direct operations. After Dou Jiande took charge of the relieving, he wanted to establish his prestige, so he suggested that Gao Shida stay in the trench and lead 7,000 soldiers to resist Guo Xuan. Dou Jiande pretends to be at odds with Gao Shida, but Guo Xuan is suspicious. At the same time, Gao Shida also claimed everywhere that Dou Jiande treacherously surrendered to Sui Jun and killed a captured woman in the army as Dou Jiande's wife. Dou Jiande sent someone to submit a letter of surrender to Guo Xuan, and expressed his willingness to attack Gao Shida with Guo Xuan as the pioneer. Guo Xuan believed Dou Jiande and led the troops to meet Dou Jiande in Changhe with Dou Jiande. The picture shows Gao Shida. Guo Xuan's department relaxed its guard against Dou Jiande, and Dou Jiande seized the fighter plane. Jiande launched a surprise attack, smashed Guo Xuan's army, killed thousands of people, took more than a thousand horses, beheaded Guo Xuan and fled. Since then, the rebels led by Dou Jiande have gained great strength.

After the defeat of Guo Xuan, Emperor Yang Di sent his servant, Qing Yang Chen Yi, to attack the insurgents with more than 10,000 soldiers. Yang Yichen first wiped out Zhang Jin's army in Qinghe. Because Yang Yichen killed all the captured rebels, no one wanted to surrender, and some remnants scattered in the grass fled to Dou Jiande. Yang Yichen arrived in the plain (county public security virtue, now Lingxian County, Shandong Province), ready to enter Gao Jibo's crusade against Gao Shida. Seeing that the morale of the Sui army was in full swing, Dou Jiande said to Gao Shida, "Look at the Sui Jun generals in history. Those who are good at fighting are all mercenary and obedient. The new broken gold said that it was irresistible to attack me from a distance. Please lead the soldiers to avoid it, so that they can't fight if they want to fight, which will last for years. When soldiers are tired, they take advantage of it. If we strive for the front today, we may not be enemies (Biography of Dou Jiande in the Old Tang Dynasty). However, Gao Shida did not adopt Dou Jiande's correct opinion of avoiding the enemy's sharp edge and waiting for an opportunity to break it. Instead, he left Dou Jiande to guard the camp and personally led a good soldier to take the initiative to attack, winning a small victory at the beginning, so he indulged in wine and feasted, with the heart of not paying attention to Yang Yichen. When Dou Jiande heard the news, he said, "Donghai Gong is proud of not breaking the thief, and this disaster will soon come. Sui soldiers will drive here, and people will be horrified, fearing that I am incomplete (Biography of Dou Jiande in the Old Tang Dynasty). Since the rate of elite hundreds of people guarding it, in case of Gao Shida defeat. As a result, Gao Shida was killed by Yang Yichen in five days. Yang Yichen took the opportunity to pursue Dou Jiande and wanted to destroy Dou Jiande and his men. Catch up with the north sparse base, the defenders heard that Gao Shida was defeated and all fled. Dou Jiande was outnumbered and could not fight any more, so he had to lead hundreds of people to break through. Dou Jiande retreated to Raoyang (now Hebei Province), and when he saw that the defenders of Raoyang were unguarded, he captured Raoyang. When Yang Yichen saw that Gao Shida was dead, he ignored Dou Jiande and led the troops back. Dou Jiande was able to return to the plain, where he gathered the remaining troops and comforted his followers. Most of them expressed their willingness to follow Dou Jiande. At the same time, Dou Jiande gained more than 3,000 troops here and strengthened its own strength. Dou Jiande also mourned for Gao Shida. Then, thousands of people were recruited and the military strength was revived. Dou Jiande began to call himself a general. At first, when the rebels saw Sui officials and scholars, they were all killed. Only Dou Jiande paid attention to fighting for these ordinary officials, so many officials in Sui County volunteered to join the ranks. Dou Jiande's army soon grew to 654.38+10,000.

In the 13th year of Great Cause (6 17), in the first month, Dou Jiande built an altar in Leshou (now xian county, Hebei Province) in Hejian County, and established himself as the King of Changle, with the title Ding Chou. Start to set up a county where officials can divide and rule (when Dou Jiande called Changle King, Gao Zuji in the old Tang Dynasty was the first year of Wude, according to Ji, and. Dou Jiande led his troops to capture Xindu (now Jixian County, Hebei Province) and Qinghe County, where he captured and beheaded Sui general Yang Shanhui.

In July, in order to solve the Wagang Army's urgent attack on the eastern capital (see Wagang Army's peasant uprising), General Zuo Kingsguard was ordered to stay with Xue Shixiong, take 30,000 troops south, and go to Luoyang with Wang and others, saying, "If a thief passes, he can be punished" (Zi Jian, Volume 184). Wang, other generals were commended by Shixiong. Xue Shixiong's troops entered Qilijing (now south of Hejian, Hebei Province), ready to attack Dou Jiande, the king of Le Shougang. At that time, Dou Jiande's army was scattered in the counties around Leshou to harvest wheat. Dou Jiande himself collected grain in Wuqiang (now southwest of Wuqiang, Hebei). When he heard that Xue Shixiong was coming, he quit Zhucheng and threatened to return to Bucket Airlines to paralyze the enemy. Xue Shixiong thought that the rebels were afraid of themselves and relaxed their vigilance and alert. Dou Jiande is 40 miles away from Xue Shixiong's camp/kloc-0. Jiande first led the 280 death squads and ordered the follow-up troops to follow, attacking Shixiong in the starry night. The next morning, Dou Jiande didn't arrive at Xueying, and it happened that the fog was so thick that it was difficult to tell. Suddenly launched an impact, Xue Shixiong's foot soldiers were in chaos, fleeing for their lives and trampling on each other, which was out of control. Qin Bing, led by Xue Shixiong, was fled to Zhuo Jun by dozens of riders. He fell ill with shame and died in a few days (see Hejian War). Dou Jiande attacked Hejian City and besieged the city, but failed to fight.

In the first month of the first year of Wude (6 18), Dou Jiande joined forces with Zhu Can, Meng Haigong, Xu Yuanlang and other rebel leaders, and sent messengers to make Shi Mi proclaimed himself (Shi Mi was the leader of the Wagang Army, and his strength was the first of all rebel forces), but Shi Mi thought it was premature and did not agree. However, Shi Biao did not relax his efforts to win over the rebels. In February, Shi Biao sent Fang Yanzao and Zheng Xiang to visit. East to Liyang, parting ways to comfort the counties. Dou Jiande knew that this was Shi Biao's attempt to annex various rebel armies, but in view of its weak strength, he refused Shi Biao on the grounds that Se had invaded the north. In order not to make Shi Biao suspicious, Dou Jiande wrote a reply in person, and the other party was respectful.

In July, Hejian City ran out of food, and Hejian County Cong heard that he had been killed, so he led troops to send out obituary, and Dou Jiande sent people to the city to offer condolences. When Wang Cong saw this scene, he sent an emissary to surrender. Dou Jiande stepped down first, and Wang Cong and others then led the officers to put on camp. Dou Jiande untied them himself and told Wang Cong the fact that the Sui Dynasty had perished. Wang Cong fell to the ground and wept bitterly, and Dou Jiande was also infected by it and wept. At this time, Dou Jiande's subordinates said; "I was rejected for a long time and many people died. If you are going to be poor, please cook now. " Dou Jiande said, "This is also true. If you use it to inspire the monarch, you can kill it! Being a thief in the bunk can kill people at will. Today, if you want to reassure the people and settle the world, why harm loyalty? " He also ordered the army: "Those who have a gap with Wang Cong, who dare to waver now, will commit three clans" (Biography of Dou Jiande in Old Tang Dynasty). On the same day, Wang Yan was appointed as the secretariat of Yingzhou. After hearing the news, Hebei counties rushed to join Dou Jiande.

When Dou Jiande captured Jingcheng, he captured Cao Zhang Suxuan alive in an attempt to seize him. There were more than a thousand people in Jingcheng, and they cried sadly, "If Cao Cao is extremely cautious, how can he persuade goodness?" (Zi Lu Jian, Volume 185)! Dou Jiande then released Zhang and used him as a counselor for the scribes, but Zhang refused. Until the demise of the Sui Dynasty, Dou Jiande believed that assistant ministers Huang Men and Zhang were appointed. At that time, Raoyang wrote the original song, and he was knowledgeable and brilliant. He offered Dou Jiande a plan of Hebei, and Dou Jiande took it as a teacher. What Dou Jiande did further strengthened his strength.

In July, Dou Jiande made its capital happy, named the place where it lived as Jincheng Palace, and prepared officials to be king. On the day of winter solstice, Dou Jiande was holding a meeting in Jincheng Palace. Suddenly, Le Shousheng gave birth to five big birds, and tens of thousands of birds attached to them, but they left the next day. Dou Jiande thought it was a symbol of good luck, so he changed it to five phoenixes. At the same time, Zongcheng people presented Xuangui, and Jingcheng Deshao took this opportunity to persuade Dou Jiande: "It was given in the past, but now Rui is married with it, and the country should be called Xia (The Biography of Dou Jiande in the New Tang Dynasty). In addition, the most powerful Wagang rebel army had failed before, and Shimi also fell to the Tang Dynasty. Dou Jiande saw that the time was ripe and listened to Kong Deshao's words. From then on, he called himself King Xia, the country name Xia. At the same time accept the original Song Dynasty, Kong Deshao as assistant minister of literature and history.

After Dou Jiande established political power, he began to wage an annexation war against other rebels in Hebei Province, and his virtue now belongs to the Wei Department. At that time, Wang Xu Ba of Shanggu (now Yixian County, Hebei Province) and Wei revolted together. Wang Xuba claimed to be the "King of Heaven" and was named Yan; Valerie Qi called Wei "flying over Qian Shan". There are more than 65,438+10,000 insurgents, connected to the Turks in the north, and active in Hebei and Shanxi today. After the king, he must pull out the rebel army and capture Gaoyang City (now Laidong, Hebei Province). Later, Wang Xuba led an army to attack Zhuo Jun (Ji County, now southwest of Beijing) and died in the middle stream. Yang Di ordered Hu Benlang to lead 3,000 men led by Wang Bian to defeat Wei's rebels. Wei led two rebel armies into Shenze (now Shenze, Hebei Province) as the base area, claiming to be. Moved to Boling (the county ruled xian county, now Dingzhou City, Hebei Province), Xindu (the county ruled Changle, now Jixian County, Hebei Province) and other places, and the number of insurgents grew to 6.5438+10,000. At that time, Dou Jiande formed an alliance with Wei Department. Dou Jiande only joined forces with it on the surface. When Wei Doyle let his guard down, he suddenly attacked and occupied many places in 1 1 month, and then surrounded Shenze. Wei was caught by his men and sent to Dou Jiande to surrender. Dou Jiande killed Wei and put the rest of Wei under his command. Dou Jiande's power developed rapidly.

In the same month, Dou Jiande joined Keyizhou (governing Yixian County in Hebei Province today) and Dingzhou (governing Dingzhou City in Hebei Province today), but it did not break Jizhou (governing Jixian County in Hebei Province today). In order to develop the insurgents, Dou Jiande personally led the troops to capture Jizhou City. At that time, Jizhou secretariat Qu Leng had already belonged to Tang Ting. Cui Shouli, Qu Ling's son-in-law, is behind the door, boasting that he has magical power to defeat the besieged city, and Qu Ling is credulous. Soldiers guarding the city are all sitting, and they are not allowed to fight for nothing. They also said: "Although the thief is in the city, don't be afraid of Cao Cao, I will make the thief tie himself up" (Zi Tongzhi Jian, Volume 186). So he set up an altar to worship God and set up a chapter at night. Then, he put on a broken sutra and a bamboo stick, went up to the North Building and burst into tears. He also ordered all the women in the city to sit on the roof and shake their skirts for a ride. When Dou Jiande attacked the city in an emergency, Qu Leng became suspicious of her son-in-law's witchcraft and prepared to fight. Cui resolutely stopped the action of the troops. Dou Jiande seized the opportunity to attack the city. At this time, Cui performed his crying and refused to give up. After the occupation of Jizhou, some people advocated killing the garrison commander. Dou Jiande thought Qu Ling was a loyal minister and gave him a generous gift, so he was appointed as the official of literature and history. In this war, Jizhou secretariat of cronyism led to the fall of the city. Dou Jiande regarded the captured generals as his loyal subjects, unprincipled and tolerant, which also laid the groundwork for his subordinates' defection and defeat in the future.

Dou Jiande gained greater prestige after conquering Jizhou. In December, Dou Jiande led 65,438+10,000 people to attack Youzhou (governing Jixian County, now southwest of Beijing). Previously, Dou Jiande had sent someone to surrender to Se, the coach of Tang Youzhou, but Se refused. When Luo Yi was ready to attack, his subordinate Xue (Xue Shixiong's son and his brother) put forward a plan. If the others are outnumbered, the battle will fail. It's better to weaken the forces to stop the water in the horseback city and lure Dou Jiande to the road. Se adopted this tactic, taking the beaten army as the array. Dou Jiande is arrogant because he has won many wars. He crossed the river to attack. It was said that Xue was lying in ambush by the river, and led more than a hundred riders and soldiers to attack. Dou Jiande army was defeated, and the siege failed. Dou Jiande saw that he could not get close to Youzhou, so he divided his forces to attack the landlord's armed Huojiabao and Yongnv (now northwest of Wuqing, Hebei Province) and was defeated by Se. The two sides confronted each other for more than one hundred days, but Dou Jiande failed and withdrew his life. The failure to attack Youzhou was the first time that the peasant uprising army led by Dou Jiande was blocked in the development of Hebei.

After Yu Wenhuaji killed Yang Di, he went north from Jiangdu and proclaimed himself emperor in Wei County (now southwest of Hebei Province). Dou Jiande took Yu Wenhuaji as his next target. In February of the second year of Wude (6 19), Dou Jiande asked his subordinates for advice on the pretext of revenge for Yang Di. Dou Jiande said to Kong Deshao, a native of Song Dynasty and assistant minister of civil history, "I have been a citizen of Sui for decades, and Sui is my second generation. There is no way to turn it into reality and kill it. This is my revenge. Please discuss it. What do you think? " Kong Deshao replied, "Today, there is no owner in the sea, and there is a competition among the males. Wang Yibu set out from Zhangpu, and the county officials were striving to join the army. They will move with the king's battle and become upright and safe in the world. Yu Wenhuaji married the country, and his father and son owed it to the Sui Dynasty. They lived in an unquestionable place, but they committed treason and usurped the Sui Dynasty, which was also a thief in the world. If you don't punish this, you should use the leader "(Biography of Dou Jiande in Old Tang Dynasty)! Yuan Song also said, "Your Majesty worked hard to get dressed, starting from Zhang Nan, and all the cities in the Sui Dynasty attached it to help him be loyal and secure. I don't doubt the marriage of Sui Dynasty. Now that I have moved to my country, my hatred is not * * * days. Please beat the drums to condemn him "(Biography of Dou Jiande in the New Tang Dynasty). Their answers accord with Dou Jiande's wishes. Dou Jiande led 654.38+ ten thousand troops to attack Yu Wenhuaji and won Lien Chan. Yu Wenhuaji was forced to retreat to Liaocheng (now northeast of Liaocheng, Shandong). Dou Jiande crashed and threw stones, attacking from all sides. Since then, Wang Bo, the leader of the peasant army in Yu Wenhuaji, falsely surrendered, led the Germans into the city, occupied Yu Wenhuaji, and captured all the people. Because Dou Jiande killed on the grounds of revenge, he first visited Sui after entering the city and wore plain clothes as a condolence. Then he took the official seal and halogen book as his own, appeased the captured Sui officials, beheaded Yu, Yang, Da, Xu and others, and killed Yu Wenhuaji and his son Yu and Yu Wen.

Every time Dou Jiande attacked the city, all the captured assets were distributed to the soldiers, and he took nothing. Dou Jiande's life is also very simple, because he doesn't like meat, and he often eats vegetables and rice without millet. His wife Cao Shi is also dressed simply, and there are only a dozen male and female servants. After the capture of Liaocheng, as many as 1000 maids were captured, and all of them were beautiful, but Dou Jiande released all the maids. I also listened to "Xiao Guo" by hundreds of officials and more than ten thousand people in the Sui Dynasty. At the same time, Dou Jiande, a talented official, was appointed: Pei Ju, assistant minister of Sui Huangmen, was in charge of election affairs, and Pei Ju "created courtiers, made laws, made Jiande happy, and visited Yan every time" for Dou Jiande, which had a certain influence on the development of Xia regime; He also took Cui, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, as his assistant. Shaofu ordered him to be the minister of the Ministry of Industry; Right secretary LangZhongLiu transferred to Zuocheng; Yu Shinan is the assistant minister of Huangmen; Ou Yangxun is too evergreen. Those who are willing to stay will be hired according to their ability. Dou Jiande is willing to go to Chang 'an (Tang Gaozu), Luoyang (King) or Turkic (Princess Yicheng), so he will pay the full fare and send troops to escort him abroad. At the same time, don't forget to marry Wang.

But in April, when the king proclaimed himself emperor, Dou Jiande broke off the relationship with the king because he wanted to proclaim himself emperor. He began to set up a flag for the Emperor of Heaven, sent the police, and wrote a letter calling Yang Di Emperor Min, relying on the Turks to strengthen his military potential. When Princess Yicheng of Sui Dynasty (married to Turks) sent envoys to greet Princess Xiao Huanghou and Princess Nanyang, Dou Jiande also sent more than a thousand people to ride horses to escort her, and presented Yu Wenhuaji's head to Princess Yicheng as a sign of sincerity. Since then, Dou Jiande has become attached to the Turks, and the war is in turmoil.

Since then, Dou Jiande has continued to expand its sphere of influence. In the same month, Dou Jiande conquered xing zhou (now Xingtai, Hebei Province) and captured Tang Xingzhou coach Chen Junbin. On the third day of June, Dou Jiande captured Cangzhou (Qingchi, now southeast of Cangzhou, Hebei). In August, Dou Jiande attacked Mianzhou (now Zhao County, Hebei Province) with 65,438+10,000 soldiers, and Li Shentong, king of the Tang Dynasty, led the army to surrender to Xiangzhou. On the 11th, Dou Jiande conquered Mianzhou, and Yuan Zigan, the general of the Tang Dynasty, led the troops to surrender. On 19th, when Dou Jiande arrived in Xiangzhou, Li Shentong heard the news and led all the troops to Liyang (now northeast of Xun County, Henan Province) to take refuge in Li Shiji. On the fourth day of September, Dou Jiande captured Xiangzhou and killed Lv Min, the secretariat of TangXiangzhou. On 25th, Dou Jiande captured Zhaozhou, captured Emperor Taizong Zhang Zhiang alive and comforted Zhang Daoyuan. At this point, Dou Jiande troops occupied most of Hebei.

But on the sixth day of October, Dou Jiande was defeated by You Zhou coach Luo Yi in Hengshui (now Hengshui West, Hebei Province). The failure of Hengshui did not stop Dou Jiande from expanding its sphere of influence. In June, Dou Jiande led the troops to Weizhou (governing Weixian County, now east of Qixian County, Henan Province) and crossing Liyang for three miles. I met the 300 cavalry led by General Qiu Xiaogang of Tang Liyang (now southwest of Xun County, Henan Province) and General Li Shiji of Right Wuhou. Dou Jiande was caught off guard and was repelled. Fortunately, the soldiers on the right saved him, defeated Tang Jun and killed Qiu Xiaogang. Dou Jiande was furious and returned to the army to attack Liyang, and captured Li Shentong, the king of Huai 'an in Tang Dynasty, Gary, Wei Zhi, the father of Li Shiji, and Princess Tongan, the sister of Tang Gaozu. Only Li Shiqi led hundreds of cavalry to escape from the Yellow River. A few days later, Li Shixin's father was captured and forced to return to Liyang to surrender to Dou Jiande. Dou Jiande appointed Li Shiji as the left general, guarding Liyang. The defenders of Weizhou learned of Liyang's fall and fell to Dou Jiande. Nearby counties and anti-Tang armed forces Xu Yuanlang and others also surrendered.

At that time, Gui Wang, who was assassinated by a servant in Sliding State, took Wang Gui's head to Dou Jiande. Dou Jiande thinks: "It's a big violation for a slave to kill his master, how can I accept it" (Biography of Old Tang Book Dou Jiande)! So he beheaded him and sent Wang Rail's head back to Sliding State. The officials and people in the sliding state were very moved and fell down that day.

Dou Jiande Desheng returned to Mingzhou, built the Spring Palace, and moved the capital here (regarding the time of moving the capital, both the Biography of Dou Jiande in the Old Tang Dynasty and the Biography of Dou Jiande in the New Tang Dynasty are recorded as August, and the record in Zi Jian 187 shall prevail here). Dou Jiande persuaded mulberry cultivation in Mianzhou, which played a positive role in restoring production in Hebei. "Taiping Universe" contains the Kuxia Canal in Qinghe County, Zhou Bei, saying: "In the 13th year of Daye, Dou Jiande discharged this water into Liugou, Guangping County, and later merged with Yongji." It can be seen that Dou Jiande has long attached importance to water conservancy construction, which is beneficial to the development of agriculture, so "there are no thieves in the territory, and business travel is wild" (Zi Jian 188).

After Li Shiji defected to Dou Jiande, although he was appointed as General Zuo and other important positions, he still devoted himself to the Tang Dynasty. In October, Guo Xiaoke and Li Shiji discussed their escape plans. Guo Xiaoke asked him to gain the trust of Dou Jiande first, and then wait for an opportunity to return to Tang. Li Shiji captured Jia (present-day Henan) in November, captured a lot and presented them to Dou Jiande. Dou Jiande and Li Shiji became very close from then on.

In December, Li Shiji sent someone to Dou Jiande and said: "Cao and Dai have a complete household registration, and Meng Haigong stole his land and left Zheng people at home; If you bring troops, it is appropriate to refer to the period. With the acquisition of offshore engineering, in order to face Xu and Yan, Henan can decide without fighting "(Zi Jian, Volume 188). Dou Jiande was deeply impressed, and he was ready to personally learn from Henan, so he sent his wife and younger brother Cao Dan and others to cross the river at a rate of 50,000, and Li Shiji led the troops to meet them at 3,000.

In the first month of the third year of Wude (920), Li Shiji wanted to take the opportunity of crossing the river in Dou Jiande, attack his barracks, attack and kill Dou Jiande, then save his father and seize all the land in Dou Jiande to the Tang Dynasty. Because Dou Jiande's wife gave birth to a child, Dou Jiande never crossed the river to avoid this difficulty. After Cao Dan crossed the river, he plundered and harassed in Henan, causing dissatisfaction among many followers. At that time, Xiangzhou (Gongan Yang, now Henan) was the leader of the peasant uprising, with a rate of more than 5,000 people stationed (now on the sandbar of the Yellow River southwest of Mengxian County, Henan Province), and became brothers with Li Shiji, who secretly murdered Dou Jiande and returned to Tang Dynasty. That night, Li Wenxiang summoned 23 deputies of Cao Dan, got them drunk and killed them. Cao Dan led Gao Yaxian and Ruan to cross the river on the north bank of the Yellow River, but carried 300 soldiers across the river in four big ships and killed them all in the middle of the river. A veterinarian escaped and reported to the heavily guarded Cao Dan. Li Wenxiang led 2,000 soldiers to defeat Ruan, while the elegant sages led the people to retreat, but they did not pursue them. Li Shiji heard that Cao Dan was ready, but gave up his father Gary and Guo Xiaoke and led dozens of riders to the Tang Dynasty. Dou Jiande's men were very angry at what Li Shiji had done, and strongly demanded that Gary be beheaded, but Dou Jiande said, "As a minister of the Tang Dynasty, I didn't forget his master and fled to repay the capital. This loyal minister also committed the crime of his father (Biography of Dou Jiande in Old Tang Dynasty)! Then Gary was released. In February, Dou Jiande defeated Li Wenxiang and beheaded him.

Dou Jiande is not only generous to others, but also good at being taught. When Wude conquered Zhaozhou in September of two years, Zhang Zhiang, the general manager, and Zhang Daoyuan, the director of the comfort station, were captured. Dou Jiande thought that the two men and Chen Junbin, the secretariat of Xingzhou, had a passive fight and wanted to behead them. Dou Jiande's son, Jing Ling, toasted and said, "Husband and dog bark at each other, which is not the owner. Now the neighbors are insisting and willing to give in. This is a loyal and accurate scholar. If you add cold damage, why persuade the monarch and the minister? " Dou Jiande was furious: "I went to the gate and was still in a daze. What happened to me? " Then he said, "Today, the King has ordered the general Gao Shi to prosper in Xiao Kang Luo. When the soldiers arrived, the scholar successfully surrendered. Can the king's intentions be restored? " Dou Jiande suddenly enlighted and immediately released the three men.

Although Dou Jiande has many advantages, he is suspicious by nature, loves slanders, and it is difficult to distinguish right from wrong. Wang Fubao, his general, fought side by side with Dou Jiande for many years, winning the crown of the three armed forces, and his achievements were above those of the general. As a result, he was jealous of the general and said he was rebellious. Dou Jiande killed Wang Fubao without asking. When Wang Fubao died, he said, "I'm innocent. Why should your majesty listen to slanders and cut off his right and left hands? " ? After Wang Fubao's death, Dou Jiande's army rarely won. His original words were too straightforward, so Jiande listened to rumors and killed him. Since then, everyone has given up, and no one has any ideas. Since then, politics and religion have gained and lost.

In May, Dou Jiande sent Gao Shixing to attack Youzhou for the third time, so he withdrew from Cage Fire City. You Zhou general Li Yi (that is, Luo Yi, named Li by Tang Ci) led the army to attack, defeated his army and beheaded 5,000. Dou Jiande's attempt to capture Youzhou failed again.

In August, Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu sent people to form an alliance with him, and Dou Jiande agreed to release Princess Tongan and Wang Li Shentong of Huai 'an who were captured in Liyang.

Dou Jiande didn't want to attack Youzhou, and October (the time of attacking Youzhou) was recorded as September in the Biography of Dou Jiande in the Old Tang Dynasty and Biography of Dou Jiande in the New Tang Dynasty. Here, according to the record in Zi Jian (volume 187), he led 200,000 troops to attack Youzhou for the fourth time. It went well at first, and some soldiers boarded the city wall. However, Xue and the general manager of Youzhou led hundreds of death squads to sneak out of the tunnel and go around the back of the Dou Jiande army. Immediately, the Dou Jiande army was defeated and fled, and was beheaded by more than 1000 people (1200). Li Yi led the army to attack the camp of Doudou prison army. Dou Jiande lined up in the camp, fought back by filling trenches, defeated Li Yijun and chased you to the gates. Being besieged, he had to retreat.

In November, Dou Jiande led an army to cross the Yellow River and attacked the Meng Hai Rebels who plundered the land in Henan. In February of the 4th year of Tang Wude (62 1), he conquered (now the northeast of Cao County, Shandong Province) and captured Meng Haigong alive, and incorporated 30,000 rebels, which greatly increased Dou Jiande's strength.

At this time, Dou Jiande and the king separated from Luoyang occupied the Guanzhong of the Tang Dynasty. After the destruction of Xue and Liu Wuzhou in the Tang Dynasty (see the battle of shallow plains, the battle of the Great Plains), in order to unify the world, Tang Yuan ordered the king of Shimin to lead an army to Wang Jinjun in July of the third year of Wude. And sent envoys to make peace with Dou Jiande and strive for its neutrality (see above). In December, Wang sent his nephew Wang Wan and his grandson An Shi to Dou Jiande for help (see the battle between Luoyang and Hulaoguan). Calligraphers in China put forward: "Zheng lived in Henan in the Tang Dynasty and Hebei in the summer, and they were at loggerheads. I heard that Tang Bing learned that many people were attacking Zheng, and Zheng had been in a state of anxiety for two years. Tang Bing was puzzled. Zheng is weak, and it is bound to break Zheng. If Zheng is broken, there is a worry about cold teeth in summer. If you plan for the king and save Zheng, Zheng will refuse. If you attack it in summer, you will break it. If you are Tang Quanzheng, this will always protect the one-third trend. If Tang Jun is defeated and Zheng Ke plans to destroy it, the two countries will take advantage of Tang Jun's defeat to advance westward, and the capital can be obtained and obtained, which is the foundation of peace "(Biography of Old Tang Books and Dou Jiande). Dou Jiande, as he said, decided to unite Zheng to fight against the Tang Dynasty, and when Zheng was destroyed, he would compete with Tang Dynasty for the world.

In the fourth year of Wude (62 1), in March, after Dou Jiande annexed Meng Haigong's rebel army, he stayed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to guard (cure Yin, now northwest of Shandong County) and directed the army 1 more than 10,000, claiming to help Luoyang 300,000 in the west. In Huazhou (Baima, now hua county, Henan, East of Old hua county), the servant of Hanwang entered the city. Following Zizyphus jujuba (now in southwest Henan), he captured Guanzhou (governing Guancheng, now Zhengzhou) and killed Shi Guoan, the secretariat of Tang Guanzhou; Even Xingyang (now Henan Province), Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) and other counties went hand in hand, joined thousands of people from Wang Department, entered Tunhu Prison (now west of Sishui Town, northwest of Xingyang, Henan Province), and built a palace in Banzhu (now south bank of the Yellow River near Niukouyu, northwest of Levin, Henan Province), echoing Wang Yao and threatening Tang Jun. He also sent a letter to the king of Qin, asking Tang Jun to retreat to Tongguan and return the occupied land to the king. Li Shimin adopted the suggestion of Guo Xiaoke, the secretariat of Songzhou, and decided to divide his army. Continue to besiege Luoyang with King Li Yuanji of Qi and General Qu Tutong. He rode 3500 warriors as a pioneer, seized the tiger prison, an important place, and deterred Dou Jiande's army from marching westward. The camera is broken, killing two grams at a time (see the battle of tiger prison).

On the 25th, Tang Jun entered Tiger Prison. On 26th, he led 500 troops out of Hulao Pass and set an ambush more than 20 miles east, respectively led by Li Shiji and Qin. Veteran Wei Chijingde only took four riders to scout. Three miles from his camp, he was caught by a patrol in Dou Jiande, and Dou Jiande was shot and killed by Li Shimin. Dou Jiande heard the news and quickly sent five or six thousand cavalry to pursue him. As a result, he was led into an ambush by Li Shimin and beheaded by more than 300 ranks. Master Yin Qiu and Shi Zan were also arrested. Dou Jiande was forced by the danger of Hulao Pass and was detained by Hulao Pass for more than 20 days. He was not allowed to go west, and he lost several conflicts. On April 30th, Li Shimin sent Wang Junkuo to intercept the Dou Jiande grain transportation team with more than a thousand hussars. General Zhang Qingte was defeated, and Dou Jiande Army was at a disadvantage. The troops were demoralized and the soldiers were homesick.

At this time, Guo Zi proposed a toast to Jing Ling, and made a suggestion: "We should learn from soldiers to help the river, and capture Huaizhou (ruling Hanoi, now Qinyang, Henan Province) and Heyang (now south of Mengxian County, Henan Province), so that those who are serious can stay and defend. He even led the public to wave flags and shout, surpass Taihang and join the party (now Changzhi, Shanxi Province), which was decided by circulation. Gradually approaching the mouth of the lake, slightly frightening Pujin (now Dali East, Shaanxi Province), the land of Hedong, this strategy is also on it. There must be three advantages to this trip: first, entering a nobody's land and having well-equipped teachers; Second, expand the territory to get soldiers; Third, Kevin·Z's self-explanation (Biography of Old Tang and Dou Jiande). This is a very good suggestion. Dou Jiande also wanted to accept this opinion, but Wang, the envoy of his ministry, accepted more bribes and advocated rescuing Luoyang. He said, "Scholar Jing Ling, how can you argue with words?" Dou Jiande had no choice but to say to Jing Ling, "People are very sharp today, and you praised me this day. Therefore, the decisive battle will win. Has been in accordance with public opinion, not conformity also "("old Tang book biographies of Dou Jiande "). Jing Ling insisted that he saw something, but Dou Jiande was angry and angered Jing Ling. At this time, Dou Jiande's wife, Cao Shi, said to Jiande, "Why don't you accept the wine as promised? Please take advantage of the weakness of the Tang state, even the battalion gradually rises to take the northern foot, and because the Turkic west copied Guanzhong, Tang will return to the division to save himself, which is Zheng Wei's solution. Today, under the military prison, the sun and the moon have been flooded for a long time, only for self-suffering, fearing that things will be useless. " Dou Jiande said, "This is something that women don't know. Besides, Zheng is still waiting for me. Since I promised to save it, can I see that it is difficult to retreat, indicating that the world does not believe it? " (Biography of Dou Jiande in the Old Tang Dynasty)? Dou Jiande is bent on a decisive battle and will never listen to others' advice again.

Dou Jiande wanted to take advantage of Tang Jun's grain and grass to graze horses and attack Tiger Prison in Hebei. As a result, this plan was known to Li Shimin, and Li Shimin also participated in it. At the beginning of May, he led the troops to cross the river, advanced Guangwu from the south, and observed the situation of Dou Jun, leaving more than a thousand horses grazing on the sandbar in the middle of the river to lure Dou Jiande to attack. The next day, the whole army of Dou Jiande moved westward from Banzhu (now the south bank of the Yellow River north of Xingyang) and deployed on the east bank of Surabaya, with a small river in the north and Queshan Mountain in the south (now southwest of Xingyang, Henan). The front was 20 miles wide and challenged the drums. Li Shimin led the troops to stand at each other's heels on the west bank of Si Shui, climbed high to look at it, and then said to the Ministry, "The thief started in Shandong and never saw the enemy. Now he is dangerous and arrogant, so he can't stop it; Fighting against the city is the light of my heart. Hunger leads to ruin "(Biography of Dou Jiande in the New Tang Dynasty). So he decided to stay put and sent a small army to deal with Dou Jiande's army. At the same time, we sent people to recall the troops that stayed in Hebei. When Dou Jiande army was defeated, it was broken in one fell swoop.

At noon, the soldiers of Dou Jiande Army were hungry and tired, all sitting in the column, scrambling for water, and lost their footing. At this moment, he suddenly launched an attack, ordered Yu and 300 cavalry to go west and south through Dou Jiande's army, and warned him that Dou Jiande's army would return to the team if it froze, and if it moved, it could lead the troops eastward. When he and his troops passed in front of Dou Jun, Dou Jun's face was really a mess. When Li Shimin saw the time was ripe, he ordered the attack. He was led by a Qingqi, followed by the main force. He waded through Surabaya in the east and went straight to Dou Jun's camp. At this time, Dou Jiande and his subjects are discussing.