Can smog cause rhinitis? Does anyone know? Tell me!

Upper respiratory tract infection

Persistent smog weather hangs over more than 1 provinces in China. In smog weather, a large number of harmful substances such as dust particles and smoke particles float in the air, which will do harm to the human respiratory tract. Once inhaled by the human body, a large number of particles, dust, pollutants and viruses float in the air, which will stimulate and destroy the respiratory mucosa, make the nasal cavity dry, destroy the defense ability of the respiratory mucosa, and cause bacteria to enter the respiratory tract.

Bronchial asthma

In haze weather, the air pollution is heavier than usual, and the air often contains bacteria and viruses, which easily leads to the spread of infectious diseases and many diseases. Especially, air pollutants in cities are not easy to diffuse, which aggravates the toxicity of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and other substances and will seriously threaten people's lives and health. In foggy weather, dust and smoke are floating in the air, and dust mites may also be suspended in the fog. Patients with bronchial asthma inhale these allergens, which will stimulate the respiratory tract and cause asthma symptoms such as cough, sulking and poor breathing.

lung cancer

Professor Kan Haidong from Fudan University School of Public Health said that the incubation period of lung cancer ranges from several years to several decades, and it is probably related to genetic factors and gene mutation for young children to get lung cancer. However, compared with adults, children's height determines that they are really more affected by automobile exhaust and road dust, which is recognized by the medical profession. Because children's breathing zone is just near the height of exhaust gas, at the same time, children's respiratory exposure per unit weight is higher than that of adults, which leads to their higher susceptibility, so they are more affected by polluted gases such as exhaust gas and smog. In addition, children's body organs are not fully developed, and the damage caused by the invasion of polluted gas is even greater.

Conjunctivitis

According to experts, particles in the air attached to the cornea in foggy days may cause keratitis and conjunctivitis, or aggravate the condition of patients with keratitis and conjunctivitis. The number of patients with keratitis and conjunctivitis has increased significantly, including the elderly and children, as well as office workers who face computers all day. People have the same situation: dry eyes, soreness, tingling, redness and allergies.

rickets in children

The Institute of Environment of China CDC has spent one year to study the effects of smog on human health.

Preliminary research shows that haze weather not only causes an increase in the incidence/hospitalization rate of respiratory diseases, but also has some indirect effects on human health. Haze will weaken ultraviolet radiation. If haze occurs frequently, it will affect the synthesis of vitamin D in human body, lead to a high incidence of rickets in children, and enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air.

smog causes cancer

during the two sessions of the national people's congress in p>213, discussions on smog control were everywhere inside and outside the venue. "What do you think of the smog?" It has become a question that almost every delegate will be asked, and air pollution control has become one of the biggest internal affairs in China.

Zhao Kezhi, deputy to the National People's Congress and secretary of the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee, said: "Breathing fresh air and drinking clean water" has become the "bottom line" concerning people's health and safety. There are five pieces of legislation on environmental protection, but there are still too few. I suggest amending and perfecting laws and regulations, strengthening environmental law enforcement and establishing environmental protection courts.

Fu Chengyu, member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Sinopec, said: "We live in a big city with many cars, so we feel that most of the pollution comes from automobile exhaust. In fact, the biggest killer is coal. In China's energy structure, 7% of the energy is obtained by burning coal, and some emissions are calculated at the level of millions. The sulfur pollution emitted by the fourth national government is 5 units per million, and the pollution of standard coal has reached 1% to 2 units. The base of coal is so large, so from the perspective of national environmental governance, the top priority should be to control coal. No matter how high the gasoline standard in a city is, if there are several steel mills in the surrounding cities, plus coal and cement projects, it will be abandoned. "

Zhong Nanshan, a deputy to the National People's Congress, said: "Air pollution is not only harmful to the respiratory system, nervous system and cardiovascular system, but also closely related to lung cancer. As a doctor, I think it is more important for people to eat innocuous food, drink safe water and breathe clean air than to develop the economy. Scientific development is the last word. I think it is no exaggeration to regard environmental governance as the primary indicator for assessing leadership achievements. "

Chen Mengmeng, deputy to the National People's Congress and director of the Provincial Environmental Protection Department, said: "The environmental protection department has continuously studied the air pollution in Nanjing. The data of two years show that the contribution rate of motor vehicle exhaust emissions is about 25%, which is a large proportion. Our province has eliminated 75, old motor vehicles, and the goal is to eliminate 85, old yellow-label vehicles, and the actual efforts are even greater. "

Bao Jingling, deputy to the National People's Congress and chief engineer of Tianjin Environmental Protection Science Research Institute, said: "On the basis of amending the Environmental Protection Law and the Air Pollution Prevention Law, some more specific laws and regulations should be established, such as specifically stipulating the treatment of conventional pollutants such as PM2.5 and odorous and disturbing pollutants. An education mechanism of ecological morality, ecological culture and ecological environment should be established. In the case of serious air pollution, the public does not drive and does not add new pollution sources. " [3]

Tang Xiaoqing, a member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, said that there is a view on the Internet that deserves attention, that is, "pollution is caused by others, not me". In fact, the deterioration of the environment has something to do with each of us. Even eating a barbecue will produce a lot of toxic substances. Only when the whole society raises its sense of responsibility can pollution control and environmental protection be implemented.

The youngest lung cancer patient in East China is only 8 years old, and smog days lead to lung cancer

According to hospital statistics, the growing population of lung cancer patients is mainly over 5 years old. But in recent years, the fastest growth rate is among people aged 3 to 5. The youngest patient with lung cancer in East China is only 8 years old, and the onset is related to PM2.5 in the air. The cause of this 8-year-old girl's lung cancer is that she lives on the side of the road, and the long-term inhalation of road dust leads to the occurrence of cancer. The smog is mainly because PM2.5 will be deposited in the lungs and cause inflammation, which will cause some malignant lesions.

Affect reproduction or cause fetal malformation

Recently, China Academy of Social Sciences and China Meteorological Bureau released the Green Paper on Climate Change, which reported that smog weather affects health, which not only worsens respiratory and cardiac diseases, but also affects reproductive capacity. This statement triggered a heated discussion among netizens.

The research team of Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University has conducted research on male infertility in Shanghai for 1 years, which proves that the environment is getting worse and the quality of male semen is getting worse. In the reproductive clinics of major hospitals in Shanghai, more and more men are infertile due to azoospermia, oligospermia, asthenospermia and sperm malformation. Infertility has become the third disease affecting human health, second only to tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

In contrast, many data at home and abroad show that environmental factors may cause infertility. There was an experiment in Canada, in which the staff fed mice born at the same time in cities and villages respectively. It was found that the mice in the city lived short and their fertility declined, while the mice growing up in the countryside not only lived long but also had strong fertility. According to experts, the small particles of PM2.5 in smog are not only dust, but also smoke and dust, including automobile exhaust and industrial exhaust gas. These substances all contain many environmental pollution toxins, which are collectively called environmental pollution estrogens in academic circles and can be absorbed into the human body through various ways.

does smog really affect fertility? In this regard, Guo Yinglu, academician of China Academy of Engineering and chief physician of the First Hospital of Peking University, said that even if it has an impact, it will not be too great. At present, the most direct harm of smog to human health is mainly to increase the incidence of respiratory diseases. So how to reduce the harm of smog to human body? Experts suggest that citizens should go out less in foggy days, and air purifiers can be used to purify the air when the doors and windows at home are closed; Try to wear a mask with special functions when going out in foggy days; On the premise of maintaining a balanced nutritional intake, eat more foods rich in antioxidants, such as grape seeds rich in anthocyanins, cauliflower containing sulforaphane, and tomato containing lycopene [4].

5 smog protection editor

Special population

According to the differences of age, occupational nature and special physiological status, elderly people, children, outdoor workers (such as traffic police and construction workers), pregnant women and people with chronic diseases are dealt with.

Old people

Old people spend more time indoors, so they should pay special attention to cleanliness. Old people who are used to sweeping the floor with brooms may wish to use vacuum cleaners, carpets, rags and sofa cover to clean them in time. Traditional cooking methods, such as frying and frying, tend to produce a lot of oil smoke and pollute indoor air. It is suggested that cooking at home should be done by steaming and cooking.

children

children's physical development is incomplete, and dust and particles in haze weather will directly infringe on their health through their respiratory tract, which is easy to cause respiratory diseases such as colds, coughs, rhinitis, bronchitis and asthma. The protection of children is carried out from the following aspects.

First of all, through school publicity and knowledge popularization, children have a direct relationship and sensory understanding of the smog weather and its impact on health.

Secondly, improve parents' awareness of their children's methods.

Thirdly, reduce outdoor activities and change outdoor activities into indoor activities, thus reducing the impact of haze on children.

In addition, in a flat life, there are more dust and bacteria on the surface of plush toys, so try to play with them less or clean them often, so as to keep children's activities away from heavily polluted traffic arteries, and avoid opening windows for ventilation during rush hours if they live near the street.

Outdoor workers

The persistent smog weather will make many people feel uncomfortable outdoors, but generally speaking, we spend less time outdoors and spend most of our time indoors. However, for workers who need to work outdoors for a long time, such as construction workers, sanitation workers, traffic police, etc., they are exposed to smog for a longer time and have greater exposure. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize and pay attention to the protection of outdoor workers against haze weather.

pregnant women

pregnant women should rest properly, avoid overwork, ensure adequate sleep and reduce psychological stress. At the same time, pregnant women should not rest blindly, but should still exercise properly and maintain an optimistic mood.

1. Eat more foods containing zinc; 2. supplement vitamin c; 3. Improve the relative humidity of indoor air.

people with chronic diseases

smog can cause shortness of breath, chest tightness and other discomfort to people with respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which may cause lung infection or acute aggravation. Diabetic patients are more likely to catch a cold because of their weak resistance. PM2.5 has great destructive power to patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which will increase the heart burden of patients with heart disease and induce cerebral infarction.

It is best to reduce going out in haze days, and it is recommended to wear a mask with good protective effect when going out. However, not everyone is suitable to wear a mask.

Patients with respiratory diseases, especially those with dyspnea, artificially create respiratory disorders after wearing masks. Patients with heart disease, emphysema and asthma are not suitable for wearing masks for a long time. Patients with chronic diseases are advised to avoid going out shopping and participating in various outdoor activities when the fog is thick in the morning, drink plenty of water and pay attention to rest. If you feel unwell, go to the hospital as soon as possible.

self

protective measures

N95 type mask: N95 type mask is one of nine kinds of anti-particle masks certified by NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health). "n" means particles that are not suitable for oiliness (cooking fume is oily particles, while droplets produced by people talking or coughing are not oily < P >); "95" means that the filtration efficiency reaches 95% under the detection conditions specified by NIOSH standard. N95 is not a specific product name. As long as the product meets the N95 standard and has passed NIOSH review, it can be called "N95 mask".

KN9 respirator: dust masks can be divided into KN and KP according to their performance. KN is only suitable for filtering non-oily particles, while KP is suitable for filtering oily and non-oily particles. It is mainly suitable for industries that produce oily and non-oily particulate pollutants such as dust, smoke and fog with a particle size of more than .185 micron, such as nonferrous metal processing, metallurgy, steel, coking, gas, organic chemical industry, food processing, construction, decoration, petrochemical industry and asphalt. The filtration rate of non-oily particles based on .75 micron is over 9%.

gas mask: as personal protective equipment, gas mask is used to provide effective protection for people's respiratory organs, eyes and facial skin, and to prevent toxic substances such as poisonous gas, dust and bacteria. Gas masks are widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, mining, metallurgy, military, fire fighting, emergency rescue and disaster relief, health and epidemic prevention, science and technology environmental protection and other fields.

air purifier: air purifiers, also known as "air cleaners" and air fresheners, refer to products that can adsorb, decompose or transform various air pollutants (generally including dust, pollen, odor, decoration pollution such as formaldehyde, bacteria, allergens, etc.) and effectively improve air cleanliness, mainly domestic and commercial air purifiers that can remove indoor air pollution.

PM2.5 air quality detector: While continuously monitoring the dust concentration, it can collect particulate matter, so as to analyze its components and calculate the mass concentration conversion coefficient K value. It can directly read the dust mass concentration (mg/m) and monitor the inhalable dust PM2.5

diet: eat more vegetables.

Precautions

1. Open the window less in foggy weather

In foggy weather, it is not recommended to open the window in the morning and evening for ventilation. It is best to wait until the sun comes out.

2. Wear a mask when going out

You can wear a mask when going out, which can effectively prevent dust particles from entering the body. Cotton masks are the best because some people are allergic to non-woven fabrics, while cotton masks are generally not allergic and easy to clean. When you come back from going out, you should wash your face and bare skin immediately.

3. Drink more "lung-clearing and dust-removing" teas, such as Tung Platycodon Tea, Tung Ginseng Tea, Tung Platycodon Granules, and Orange Stems Soup.

Tung Platycodon Tea has the function of clearing away fire and filtering lung dust, which can significantly enhance the ability of alveolar cells to discharge toxic fine particles and effectively assist the human body to discharge PM2.5 particles and other harmful substances accumulated in the body. For details, please refer to Baidu Encyclopedia of Tongplatycodon grandiflorum tea and orange stem soup.

4. Appropriate vitamin D supplementation

In winter, there is more fog and less sunshine. Due to insufficient ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D production in the human body is insufficient, and some people may feel lazy and depressed. If necessary, some vitamin D can be supplemented.

5. Eat light and drink plenty of water

In foggy days, you should choose light and digestible foods rich in vitamins, drink plenty of water and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, which can not only supplement various vitamins and inorganic salts, but also play the roles of moistening the lungs, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney. Eat less irritating food, and eat more foods such as pears, loquats, oranges, oranges, etc.

6. It's best not to go out or do morning exercises

Smoggy weather is a "health killer" for patients with cardiovascular diseases, especially for the elderly with respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases. It's best not to go out in foggy weather, let alone do morning exercises, otherwise it may induce illness, even heart attack, and cause life-threatening. Experts pointed out that the reason why foggy days are "dangerous days" for patients with cardiovascular diseases is because the air pressure is low when foggy, and the oxygen content in the air drops, so people can easily feel chest tightness. The humid and cold fog in the morning can also cause cold stimulation, which can easily lead to vasospasm, blood pressure fluctuation and negative heart.