Folk history, myths and legends, historical figures, sayings, proverbs, idioms and a public service announcement about the Yellow River

Yellow River proverbs, idioms, poems, and famous sentences

In the third spring, the white snow returns to the green tombs, and the thousands of miles of Yellow River circles the Black Mountains.

If you don’t see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return.

Far above the Yellow River, among the white clouds, there is an isolated city called Wanren Mountain.

The Yellow River can be blocked by the earth, but the north wind, rain and snow can hardly cut it!

Yesterday is better than today, this year is better than last year. There is a clear day in the Yellow River, and there is no chance for white hair and black hair.

Poetry for Crossing the Yellow River

The river is swift and turbid. Tangtang cannot be buried.

It’s hard to make the list. Only the loose boat can win.

The empty courtyard is filled with old trees. There is more than one old place in Huangchou.

Don’t tell anyone’s whereabouts. But see the fox and rabbit thrive.

A message to the old man on the river. How can this water be clear?

Langtao Sha

The Yellow River has thousands of miles of sand,

Langtao is blown by the wind from the end of the world.

Now we go straight to the Milky Way,

Together we go to the home of the Morning Glory and the Weaver Girl.

Liangzhou Ci

Far above the Yellow River among the white clouds,

A solitary city on the Wanren Mountain.

Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows?

The spring breeze does not cross Yumen Pass, and it is unwilling to reach the Yellow River.

To say that all the Yellow River is just water (proverb)

Meaning: It is a metaphor for saying many words, but only one purpose.

Example: You don’t have to argue anymore, ~, you still have opinions on me. Jumping into the Yellow River will not clear your mind.

The original meaning of this sentence is to say that someone has been wronged so much that even if he jumps into a big river like the Yellow River, he cannot be cleansed. In fact, no matter who you are, if you jump into the Yellow River, you can't even think of being clean. At the same time, the sediment particles in the Yellow River are very fine, and sometimes the river water even turns into mud. It is really difficult to clean off the body if it sticks to it. It seems that he will not die until he reaches the Yellow River. I don’t see you, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return.

This poem talks about the Yellow River rushing from the distant horizon in the west, and then rolling eastward into the sea. Today, "the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky" is often used to describe the "hanging river" phenomenon in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. "Xuanhe" refers to a river whose riverbed is higher than the ground on both sides of the bank, also known as "above-ground river". The cause of the hanging river is that from a river with a large sediment content to a river section with an open valley, a small specific drop, and a gentle flow, a large amount of sediment accumulates, the river bed continues to rise, and the water level rises accordingly. In order to prevent water damage, embankments on both sides are also As time goes by, the river bed is higher than the ground on both sides, becoming a "hanging river". After the Yellow River reaches the lower reaches, about 400 million tons of sediment are deposited in the lower reaches every year, and the river bed rises year by year, making the lower reaches of the Yellow River a famous "hanging river" in the world. Nowadays, the riverbed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is generally 3-5 meters higher than the ground outside the embankment. In Caogang, Fengqiu County, Henan, it is as much as 10 meters higher. It really became "the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky." Since the river course is higher than the ground, generally speaking, the lower reaches of the Yellow River below Zhengzhou have become the watershed of the Huaihe River and the Haihe River. Strictly speaking, both sides of the Yellow River no longer belong to the Yellow River Basin. .

Mainstream: This idiom refers to a strong person or group that can act as a pillar, just like the mainstay mountain standing in the rapids of the Yellow River. Dianzhu Mountain is actually a huge stone, located in the rapids of the Sanmenxia section of the Yellow River. It is a stone island, known as "Maizhu Stone" or "Mainstream Pillar". The water of the Yellow River flows into the canyon and is bundled into a narrow stream by the rocks on both sides. It rushes to the main pillar stone, forms a rapid whirlpool, splits into two streams and flows out, leaving the Sanmen Canyon. The scene is thrilling. In the past, water transportation on the Yellow River was developed and it was once an important shipping route. But in the Sanmenxia section, people often hit the rocks. The mountains under the water are also known as "rice piles" and "grain piles". Every time the boat reaches this point, the boatmen get out of the boat and pull it through with ropes. The legendary pillar stone is used to calm the waves of the river, but in the eyes of the boatmen, the pillar stone is a navigation mark. The stone was originally engraved with three characters "follow me", which means sailing towards it.

When the ship was about to hit it, the waves in front of the mainstay came back and pushed the ship to a safe channel. It was very magical.

The formation of the Yellow River:

Part 1

About 1.6 million years ago, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau jumped out of the ground in a violent and astonishing uplift movement , fractures and folds occurred at the edges of other plates, forming ladder-like landforms, and lakes that were originally widely distributed converged into rivers. A large river formed by lakes rushed down, forming a thrilling scene in the history of geological structure.

Part 2

According to the research of geological evolution history, the Yellow River is a relatively young river. In the late Pleistocene 1.15 million years ago, the basin was just a number of disconnected lake basins, each forming an independent inland water system. Since then, as the western plateau rose, rivers eroded and invaded. After 1.05 million years of the Middle Pleistocene, the lake basins gradually became connected, forming the prototype of the Yellow River system. It was not until the Late Pleistocene, 100,000 to 10,000 years ago, that the Yellow River gradually evolved into a large river that runs up and down from its source to its mouth.

Compared with other rivers in my country, the Yellow River has several distinctive characteristics:

First, it has less water and more sand.

The Yellow River's multi-year average natural annual runoff is 58 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 1/17 of the Yangtze River, accounting for only 2% of the country's total river runoff, ranking fourth among my country's seven major rivers. The per capita water volume in the basin is 593m3, which is 25% of the national per capita water volume; the average water volume per mu of cultivated land is 324m3, which is only 17% of the national average water volume per mu of cultivated land. Soil erosion in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River is very serious, causing serious siltation of the lower reaches of the river, and the river bed rises by an average of about 10 centimeters per year. The annual average sediment transport volume of the Sanmenxia Station of the Yellow River is about 1.6 billion tons, and the average sediment volume is 35kg/m3, ranking first among major rivers and unique among rivers in the world. If 1.6 billion tons of sediment were piled into an earth embankment of 1 meter high and 1 meter wide, its length would be three times the distance from the earth to the moon, and it could circle the earth's equator 27 times.

Second, water and sand are unevenly distributed in space and time.

60% of the water volume of the Yellow River comes from above Lanzhou and the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, and more than 90% of the sediment mainly comes from the area from Hekou Town to Longmen and the upper reaches of the Jinghe River, Beiluo River and Weihe River. 60% of the annual water volume and 80% of the sediment volume come from the flood season, which mainly comes from several heavy rains and floods. This kind of less water and more sand, and the concentrated distribution of water and sand, makes it very difficult to develop and utilize the Yellow River water resources and prevent floods in the lower reaches.

The third is the river hanging above the ground.

Due to long-term sedimentation, the current overhang of embankments in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is generally 5 to 6 meters. The beach is about 20 meters higher than the ground in Xinxiang City, about 13 meters higher than the ground in Kaifeng City, and about 5 meters higher than the ground in Jinan City. The situation of the hanging river is dangerous, and the threat of floods has become a serious concern for the country.

Fourthly, flood disasters are frequent.

The Yellow River reaches Tianjin in the north and Jianghuai in the south. The floods affected an area of ??250,000 square kilometers, causing heavy losses to people's lives and property. At the same time, the Yellow River floods carry a large amount of sediment, which silts up the river channels and turns fertile farmland into desert, causing destructive effects on the environment that will be difficult to recover in the long term. Due to frequent flood disasters, Yellow River floods have been called "China's worry" in history.

Situation of the Yellow River

Li Bai’s poem said: If you don’t see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, rushes to the sea and never returns. The Yellow River originates from the Yogu Zonglie Basin at an altitude of 4,500 meters at the northern foot of the Bayan Har Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It passes through Qinghai, Sichuan, and Gansu on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, and Shanxi on the Loess Plateau and Ordos Plateau, and Henan and Shandong on the North China Plain, and flows into the Bohai Sea with a total length of 5,464 kilometers and a drainage area of ??750,000 square kilometers. Because the Yellow River flows through the Loess Plateau, it carries a large amount of sediment. The average sediment load over the years has reached 1.6 billion tons, which is equivalent to a 1-meter-square earth embankment that circled the earth 27 times. 400 million tons of sediment are deposited in the downstream river bed every year, making the Yellow River a "hanging river" more than ten meters above the ground. The middle reaches of the Yellow River are located in a monsoon climate zone, with large annual rainfall variability and frequent heavy rains. Silt and heavy rains and floods have caused siltation of the riverbed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. In more than 2,500 years from the pre-Qin Dynasty to 1949, the lower reaches of the Yellow River overflowed 1,590 times and changed its course 26 times.

According to historical records, in the more than 2,540 years from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Republic of China, the lower reaches of the Yellow River overflowed more than 1,590 times, and the channel overflowed 26 times, with an average of two bursts every three years and a change of course once every century.

Flood Control

The Yellow River Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project is a large-scale comprehensive water conservancy project on the main stream of the Yellow River that integrates siltation reduction, flood control, storm prevention, water supply and irrigation, and power generation. The key project to develop the Yellow River is a key project of the country's "Eighth Five-Year Plan". The Xiaolangdi project is huge, with a total construction period of eleven years. Its completion will effectively control the floods of the Yellow River, improve the flood control standard of Huayuankou in the lower reaches of the Yellow River from a return event of 60 years to a return event of a thousand years, basically eliminate the threat of floods in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and slow down the siltation of the downstream rivers. The Xiaolangdi Reservoir can still Its long-term effective storage capacity is used to regulate runoff during non-flood seasons and increase water volume for urban and industrial water supply, irrigation and power generation. The project officially started on September 12, 1994, and was closed in November 1997.

Since the founding of New China, the state has invested more than 8 billion yuan in the construction of flood control projects in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and completed more than 1.4 billion cubic meters of various types of earth and stone. The amount of work is equivalent to the construction of 13 Great Walls. The masses worked nearly 500 million man-days. Relying on the flood control engineering system and the strict defense of the military and civilians, we have won great victories in the Yellow River's autumn floods for 50 consecutive years.

Ensuring the stability of the Yellow River year after year not only has significant social benefits, but also huge economic benefits. According to comprehensive analysis and calculations, if the lower reaches of the Yellow River remain open for 50 years, the direct economic benefits of flood control and disaster reduction will be nearly 400 billion yuan. It is even more difficult to estimate indirect losses such as casualties, river siltation, desertification of fertile land, environmental degradation, and impact on social stability.

At present, 3,147 large, medium and small reservoirs have been built in the basin, with a total storage capacity of 57.4 billion cubic meters, more than 4,600 water diversion projects, and 29,000 water lifting projects. The designed water diversion capacity of the main stream has exceeded 6,000 cubic meters. per second. The irrigated area within the basin and downstream along the Yellow River has grown from 12 million acres in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to 110 million acres now, an increase of eight times. Among them, the Ningmeng Hetao Irrigation District, Fenwei Irrigation District and the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation District in the lower reaches of the Yellow River have three large irrigated areas. It accounts for more than 70% of the whole river and 80% of the water consumption. Irrigated areas have significant benefits in increasing agricultural production. The irrigated area, which accounts for about 45% of the cultivated land, produces more than 70% of the grain and most cash crops. Many irrigated areas have become important commodity grain and cotton bases in my country.

Currently, 94 Yellow River culvert gates have been built in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The area of ??Yellow River irrigation and drought-resistant irrigated land reaches more than 36 million acres, and the average annual water diversion volume is nearly 10 billion cubic meters. More than 100 counties in 20 prefectures and cities in the Yellow River use Yellow River water.

The utilization scope of the Yellow River water resources has shifted from being mainly used for farmland irrigation in the past to serving the entire socio-economic development and people's lives. More than 50 large and medium-sized cities and a large number of industrial and mining enterprises along the river, including Lanzhou, Baotou, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Jinan, and Dongying, all use the Yellow River as their main water source. The drinking water difficulties of more than 27 million people in rural areas are also solved by the water supply from the Yellow River. Cross-basin water diversion projects such as the Yellow River Diversion to Qingdao and the Yellow River Diversion to Weiwei River have also been completed.

The Yellow River’s multi-year average runoff is 58 billion cubic meters, of which 30.7 billion cubic meters have been consumed so far. The water resource utilization rate is as high as 53%, which is already high compared with major rivers at home and abroad. level. According to comprehensive analysis and calculation, in the 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the direct economic benefits of water diversion from the Yellow River for irrigation and water supply have reached 600 billion yuan.

History of Flood Control

“There are two breaches every three years and one diversion every hundred years” is a true portrayal of the history of the Yellow River and a distinctive feature that distinguishes it from other rivers. Therefore, in the history of changes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, there have been many old Yellow River courses resulting from the diversion of downstream breaches. For example, the old route of the Yu River (also known as the "Yugong" river), the old route of the Western Han Dynasty, the old route of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the old route of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, etc.

First of all, let us get to know the old route of Yuhe River. The river migration period lasted for more than 1,400 years, starting from the time when Yu Dayu began to control the water, to the fifth year of King Ding of Zhou Dynasty (602 BC), which lasted more than 1,400 years. It is the earliest ancient river channel in the history of the Yellow River.

Legends of the Yellow River Water God and Spiritual Creatures

The Yellow River Water God has a long history, but the specific names of the water gods in different dynasties and generations in history are different. The gods and the methods of offering sacrifices are also different.

The earliest Yellow River water god recorded in historical books is He Bo. Hebo has names such as "Bingyi", "Fengyi" and "Wuyi" in historical records. It was probably originally a nature worship such as the spirit of great water, but later it gradually turned into a personified water god.

They said that a man named Feng Yi was drowned by the Yellow River. He was full of resentment and went to the Emperor of Heaven to complain about the Yellow River. The Emperor of Heaven heard that the Yellow River harmed the people, so he made Feng Yi the Yellow River Water God, called He Bo, to control the Yellow River.

Dayu is one of the most revered historical figures by Chinese people. Dayu's selfless dedication to flood control, "passing through the gate three times without entering", is infinitely admired by the world. Looking at the essence through the phenomenon, its real significance lies in: first of all, he is the true founder of the Xia Dynasty, the first slave country in the history of our country; secondly, under his governance, the Yellow River has been free of river troubles for more than 1,400 years, and the world has became the biggest beneficiary. Therefore, the Yellow River channel after Dayu's flood control was also considered by the world to be the best river channel, and it has long influenced the river control activities of later generations.

Accompanying the legend of Dayu’s flood control, people sometimes worship Dayu as the Yellow River water god.

There is a folk legend in Zhengzhou called "He Bo Tu". It is said that He Bo Feng Yi was ordered to regulate the Yellow River, but he worked hard all his life and failed to do so. When he was old, he traveled across mountains and rivers, observed the water conditions, and drew pictures. He made a map of the water regime of the Yellow River, and after going through a lot of hardships, he found Dayu and handed the map of the water regime to him. According to the picture given to him by He Bo, Dayu dredged the waterways and finally managed the Yellow River.

What this story wants to explain is that Dayu is the water god of the Yellow River after He Bo. The tallest building in Jiaying Temple in Wuzhi County, Henan is the King Yu Pavilion. Inside the pavilion is a statue of King Yu locking mosquitoes. Standing on the pavilion, you can see the vast Yellow River. There is a King Yu Terrace in the southeast of Kaifeng City. There is a King Yu Hall built on a high hill. In the original hall, an eight-foot-tall bronze statue of King Yu is enshrined. Longdong Mountain in Jinan, Shandong Province, formerly known as Yushan Mountain, is said to be the place where Dayu ascended to control floods.

Folk stories, myths and legends about the Yellow River

In the late Ming Dynasty, the court was corrupt and the people were in dire straits. Chuang King Li Zicheng led the peasants to revolt in Mizhi, Shaanxi, and wanted to cross the Yellow River and overthrow the rule of the Ming Dynasty. It was early winter, and the Yellow River had not yet frozen. Only when the river water froze into solid ice could the army pass smoothly. What to do? King Chuang was anxious day and night, and his beard and hair all turned white overnight.

Early the next morning, two people came to report: "The Yellow River has been frozen solid." King Chuang was overjoyed and hurriedly ordered the three armies to cross the river quickly. When I got to the river, I saw that the water was still flowing happily and there was no ice at all. However, a wide pontoon bridge was built above, with boats connected to boats and planks connected to planks, all in an even and stable manner, just suitable for large armies to cross the river.

King Chuang was extremely puzzled. He was about to dismount his horse and take a look. Suddenly two people climbed up from the river, raised their fists towards King Chuang and said loudly: 'Your Majesty, we are boatmen on the Yellow River. I heard that you wanted to cross the river to benefit the people, so I spent a whole night building this pontoon bridge and invited the army to go on the road. King Chuang was moved to tears: "I will definitely live up to the love of the people and let everyone live a good life!" "After that, he drove his horse to the bridge and led the troops eastward.

Nine Bends

The Yellow River has many bends, so it is known as the "Nine Bends of the Yellow River". The Yellow River turns on the Loess Plateau After making many big bends, it roared away, leaving the high-pitched Xintianyou folk song still echoing in our ears: "You know?" How many bays are there in the Yellow River in the world? There are ninety-nine bays of the Yellow River in the world. ． ． ． ． ． "Nine" and "Ninety-nine" in ancient times meant to describe many, indicating that the Yellow River has many bends. From the source to the mouth of the Yellow River, there are many big bends. There are 6 main big bends in the main stream, and there are more small bends. , mostly in the Loess Plateau. Among the big bends, there are three 180-degree bends, two 90-degree bends, and one 45-degree bend.

The general trend of the Yellow River forms a "J" shaped bend. The general flow direction is still from west to east. The straight-line distance from the source to the mouth of the river is only 2068 kilometers, but the actual flow is 5464 kilometers, which is 2.64 of the straight-line distance. times.

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