What are the occupational hazards of teachers?

The teaching profession is a combination of mental work and physical work. Hard-working gardeners suffer from diseases because of the particularity of their profession in heavy and hard teaching work. According to relevant survey data, 70% of teachers are in sub-health state, and high-intensity work has caused great pressure on teachers' physiology and psychology, which has led to teachers' occupational diseases.

What is a teacher's occupational disease?

chronic pharyngitis

Chalk dust has made the teacher suffer enough. In addition to the throat, vocal cords are also one of the "fragile" parts of the teacher. Talking too much, drinking too little and inhaling chalk dust are the main reasons why teachers often have pharyngitis. Teachers should pay attention to the scientific use of sound, correct the way of speaking and change chest breathing into abdominal breathing. Pay attention to the volume when giving lectures, and don't speak too loudly or too urgently; Let the vocal cords have a rest during recess; Commonly used warm water and mint buccal tablets to moisten the throat; Eat less irritating foods such as peppers and high-sugar foods such as chocolate, and eat more foods that clear lung and nourish yin, resolve phlegm and dissipate stagnation.

phlebeurysma

Teachers need to stand for a long time to teach, and the blood column in the vein of lower limbs forms the pressure in the vein, which makes the venous blood not easy to flow back to the heart, but back to the feet, leading to varicose veins of lower limbs. When giving lectures, teachers should alternately transfer their body weight from one foot to the other, always keep one foot at rest and walk slowly; We should make full use of the rest time to exercise our legs and promote blood circulation. Jogging, joint flexion and extension activities and leg massage can all prevent varicose veins.

Cervical and lumbar diseases

Teachers work at their desks for a long time, pay high attention and prepare lessons for a long time, which is easy to cause neck muscle tension. After a long time, it will cause chronic damage to the neck muscles and ligaments, and in severe cases it will develop into cervical spondylosis. The waist pressure is several times that of standing, and it is easy to cause lumbar disc herniation after a long time. Therefore, we should try our best to maintain a natural sitting posture, adjust the posture and length of time at work, exercise moderately, have a full rest, and do some exercises such as chest expansion, waist twisting and limb movement.

psychosis

In people's minds, teachers are like the perfect embodiment of wisdom and morality. Praise for teachers' profession reflects people's reverence for teachers' profession; On the other hand, it also exerts great pressure on the teachers. If this kind of pressure accumulates for a long time, it will easily lead to mental illness. Psychologists believe that psychological exhaustion has become an occupational disease in modern society, and teachers are one of the high-risk groups of this psychological disease. Psychological exhaustion will make them often have negative emotions such as fatigue, irritability, irritability, tension, depression and paranoia. The decrease of sense of accomplishment is accompanied by psychological exhaustion, which will make them depressed, stop pursuing achievements and progress at work and delay their own development. Mental health is also the quality requirement of teachers. Once a teacher bears a heavy psychological burden, it is difficult to meet the needs of teaching.

Teachers' health problems should be concerned by the whole society. For the good development of education, schools are called upon to publicize and popularize teachers' health knowledge, improve teachers' self-care awareness and continuously improve teachers' overall health level. Improve teachers' working environment, such as using dust-free chalk, preparing places for teachers to rest between classes, and creating a good working competition environment. At the same time, remind teachers to combine work and rest in their daily work and care for themselves. After intense work, proper exercise has a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. It is best for qualified teachers to have a physical examination 1 2 times a year, and find that diseases can be prevented in time without delaying the illness.

cause

Teachers' work has three characteristics: speaking time, standing time and desk time, followed by teachers' occupational diseases: pharyngitis, varicose veins of legs, cervical and lumbar spondylosis and neurasthenia.

Vulnerable part 1: throat

Chalk dust has made teachers suffer enough, and they have been accused of chronic pharyngitis. The school doctor of a primary school in Hangzhou told reporters that most of the teachers in their school suffer from laryngitis except the new young teachers. Although dust-free chalk has less dust, which reduces the probability of teachers suffering from pharyngitis, the incidence of teachers' pharyngitis is much higher than that of other industries due to long-term contact. In addition to the throat, vocal cords are also one of the "fragile" parts of the teacher. Common vocal nodules are caused by long-term continuous use of vocal cords or incorrect pronunciation, resulting in improper impact on the left and right vocal cords and nodule proliferation. It is characterized by sore throat and hoarseness.

Strengthening scheme 1: Talking too much, drinking too little and inhaling chalk dust are the main reasons for teachers' frequent pharyngitis. If a teacher wants to keep a mellow voice, the most important thing is to correct the way of speaking and change chest breathing into abdominal breathing. In addition, some maintenance measures can be taken in peacetime: pay attention to the volume when giving lectures, and don't speak too loudly or too urgently; Let the vocal cords have a rest during recess; Warm water and mint buccal tablets are commonly used to moisten the throat to stimulate saliva secretion and lubricate the throat; Irritating foods such as peppers and sweet foods such as chocolate should not be eaten too much.

Vulnerable part 2: legs

Generally speaking, teachers always spend more time standing and giving lectures. According to the medical theory of "sedentary injury to muscles and bones" in traditional Chinese medicine, teachers standing for too long and their leg muscles are in a state of tension for a long time will affect the blood return of lower limbs, cause swelling and pain of lower limbs, and even cause varicose veins in severe cases. Some old teachers often have symptoms such as exposure and bending of calf blood vessels, such as earthworms and superficial pigment patches.

Strengthening plan 2: Expert advice: reduce the standing time, walk slowly during lectures, exercise your legs after class, and raise your legs above the heart level during rest to reduce the pressure on your legs and let blood flow back to your heart as much as possible; Wear elastic socks every day to prevent varicose veins in the legs, and do more exercises to promote blood circulation in the legs, such as jogging or massaging the legs; The third is to soak your feet with hot water before going to bed and massage yourself.

Vulnerable part 3: spine

Teachers need to work at their desks for a long time, prepare lessons and correct homework, which will make the lumbar muscles and cervical vertebrae in a state of tension, which will lead to chronic lumbar muscle strain and cervical diseases for a long time. Because writing on the blackboard requires raising the arm, it causes neck and back fasciitis and rotator cuff tendinitis. If left untreated, it will not only aggravate the pain, but also develop into cervical degenerative arthritis or scapulohumeral periarthritis. The cervical spine aches from time to time, and in severe cases, the shoulders and back feel weak, and even have a headache, and the arms cannot be raised.

Strengthening scheme 3: hot compress can temporarily relieve pain. The best way is to adjust the posture and length of time at work, exercise moderately, and have enough rest to prevent bone and muscle diseases. For example, you can't work too long at your desk. Generally, you can relax for 3-5 minutes in an hour or so and do some exercises such as chest expansion, waist twisting and limb movement. When eyes are tired, you can move your eyes up and down or left and right, or stand on the window or balcony and overlook, which can relieve fatigue.

Vulnerable part 4: nerves and blood vessels

Teachers work long hours, use their brains too much, pay little attention to diet, eat incorrectly and lack physical exercise. In addition, the competition for further studies is fierce now, and teachers have a huge mental burden due to increased work pressure, which is easy to cause cerebrovascular diseases related to emotional instability, and symptoms such as dizziness, insomnia and early awakening appear. Normal people will feel relaxed after waking up, but many teachers generally feel sleepy, and even have a bad temper. Long-term emotional tension leads to diseases such as high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. Now, neurasthenia and cerebral arteriosclerosis not only plague old teachers, but even some young teachers.

Strengthening scheme 4: neurasthenia should be mainly based on psychological counseling and self-regulation, and can be combined with drug treatment. For arteriosclerosis, you can adjust your diet and lifestyle. Diet should be light, eat more fruits and vegetables, and eat less foods with high fat and sugar, such as animal offal. Pay attention to nutrition regulation. Teachers' brain cells are very active, which requires cells to have more nutrients, such as protein, vitamins and trace elements. Regular life, combining work and rest, active exercise at ordinary times, and enhancing physical fitness.