At present, how do you think tumor cells escape the surveillance and killing of the immune system?

Immune monitoring and immune escape of tumor

First, the immune monitoring function of the body.

The concept of immune monitoring was first put forward by Ehrlich as early as 1909. It is believed that tumor cells that often appear in the body can be recognized by the immune system and removed as foreign bodies. Fifty years later, Thomas proposed that low expression of tumor cell antigen or impaired cellular immune function was an important factor in tumor occurrence through the study of cellular immune evolution mechanism. Subsequently, Burnet enriched this viewpoint and established the immune surveillance theory, believing that the body's immune system can play a monitoring role, identify and destroy any "foreign" components or mutant cells that express new antigens, thus maintaining the stability of the body's internal environment. When the immune monitoring function of the body is low, it is impossible to effectively remove "foreign" components or mutant cells, and tumors may occur. Many research results support this theory. For example, organ transplantation, drugs inhibit the rejection of the body, resulting in low immune function, which can increase the incidence of tumors. Aids patients with CD4T cell deficiency are prone to sarcoma and lymphoma. In addition, T cells sensitized by tumor antigen have the function of specifically killing target cells, some tumors can fade in vivo, and metastatic tumors disappear after primary tumor resection, which indirectly supports the existence of immune monitoring function. However, this theory is still limited, and it is difficult to explain the relationship between the occurrence and development of some tumors and the immune system. There are still many problems that need to be further studied and solved.

Second, the immune escape mechanism of tumor

Although the body's immune system can produce immune response to tumor cells and eliminate tumors, there are still a certain proportion of primary tumors growing in the host, which are easy to metastasize and recur. In other words, some tumors can escape the attack of the immune system, which is called tumor immune escape.

Immune Enhancement It is found in experiments that injecting tumor immune serum into tumor-bearing animals can promote the growth of tumor cells, which is called immune enhancement. Therefore, the term enhancement here refers to weakening the anti-tumor ability of the body, which is beneficial for tumor cells to escape the recognition and attack of effector cells. It is believed that the immune enhancement is due to the presence of blocking factor b 1 in serum. Chnghctor), an antigenic determinant covering the surface of tumor cells. There are three blocking factors: ① blocking antibodies and blocking antigenic determinants on the surface of tumor cells; Antigen-antibody complex can not only block tumor antigen, but also bind to effector cell receptor or FC receptor. ③ Soluble tumor antigen, antigen receptor on the surface of competitive binding effector cells and impedance-mediated reaction. Among them, the immune complexes of antibodies and soluble tumor antigens are mostly. Cell-mediated lymphocyte toxicity test (CML) in vitro proved that the complex could inhibit CTI. Killing effect on tumor cells. The immune enhancement of tumor is not only related to blocking factors, but also may involve some lymphocytes. In adoptive immunotherapy, it was found that injecting some sensitized lymphocytes into the host with tumor stimulated the growth of tumor cells, rather than inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. These lymphocytes may belong to inhibitory cells.

Related hot words: tumor immune monitoring immune escape body tumor cell tumor antigen immune immune immune system

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