This paper introduces the clothing of Royal Guards and Dongchang in detail, as well as the composition and responsibilities of the Kingsguard.

That is, in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the imperial army "Yulin Army" was established in the imperial court. Tang Gaozong, start left and right. The Ming Dynasty also established the Yulin Army, which was divided into Yulin Zuowei and Yulin Youwei.

2. Royal Guard

Factory Wei, a reconnaissance agency of the Ming Dynasty. Factories refer to East Factories, West Factories and domestic large factories; Wei refers to the Royal Guards. Collectively referred to as factory guards. Dongchang was established in the north of Dong 'anmen in Beijing in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420). West Factory is located in the old ash factory in the 13th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1477). Daxian Factory was built in the early years of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty. The Royal Guards were originally the Palace Guard and the Imperial Guard. They were established in the 15th year of Hongwu (1382). The factory guards were the secret service political organizations of the Ming Dynasty, and were the eyes, ears and minions of the emperor. Most of the leaders of East-West factories or large internal factories are eunuchs. Commander Royal Guards is the emperor's confidant, with 17 government offices and offices in Nanbei Town. The functions and powers of the factory are basically the same as those of the guard, but the Royal Guards are foreign ministers and need to deal with eunuchs. They are not as close as the East Factory, so the power of the factory is greater than that of the guard. Royal Guards monitored all officials, factory monitoring officials and Royal Guards, internal factory monitoring officials and factory guards, and the Emperor directly led and supervised all reconnaissance agencies, forming a whole system of reconnaissance spy agencies. Factory guards can directly accept petitions without going through judicial organs, arrest officials and people, and use cruel punishment to make everyone in the ruling and opposition feel insecure.

East factory, official signature. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, in order to eliminate Wen Jian's clique and observe the people's feelings, on the one hand, the Royal Guards were restored and strengthened, and on the other hand, the Dongji Factory was established in the 18th year of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1420), with eunuchs as the prefect. Power is above the Royal Guards and only responsible to the emperor. Without the approval of judicial organs, they can supervise and arrest subjects at will, thus opening the door for eunuchs to interfere in politics.

West factory, official signature. In Ming Xianzong, in order to strengthen the spy rule, in the 13th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1477), Xiji Factory was set up, with the great eunuch Wang Zhi as the prefect of the factory, which was more powerful than the East Factory. Wang Zhi, based in the West Factory, colluded with some officials to form a clique, rejected dissidents, framed Zhongliang and monopolized the world. The agents of the West Factory conducted investigations all over the country, which caused opposition from the ruling and opposition parties and was forced to cancel. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Jin, the great eunuch, was in full power and the West Factory was restored. After the fall of Liu Jin, the title was abolished.

Big factory, official signature. During the reign of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Jin, the great eunuch, was in charge, but he set up the Da Nei Fu Factory, which was under his personal command and was particularly fierce than the East Factory and the West Factory. Before Wuzong, factories and health departments were separated and changed. At this time, Qiu Ju, director of the East Factory, and Changshi, director of the West Factory, were friends of Liu Jin. As a result, the factory and the guards joined forces, spies spread all over the world, and harsh laws were created, which made the officials and the people feel scared, and the people regarded eunuchs as tigers and wolves. In the fifth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (15 10), Liu Jin was killed for treason, and the west factory and the inner factory were cancelled.

Royal Guards, the emperor's bodyguard organization. Formerly known as Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, it was set up by the Imperial Archway and the Guard Department. In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), it was changed to the imperial court, and in the fifteenth year, the Royal Guards were established as the military organization of the emperor. In order to strengthen centralized rule, Zhu Yuanzhang specially ordered him to be in charge of the prison, gave him the right to inspect and arrest, and set up a town supervision department to engage in reconnaissance, arrest and interrogation activities without going through the judicial department.

In the Ming Dynasty, secret service agencies Dongchang and Wei Jinyi had branches in all places except Beijing, such as Jinyiweiqiao Street in Hebei District of Tianjin today and Jinyiweiqiao in the past, all of which were the original locations of these secret service agencies ... At the beginning, many agents of Daming, the master of Ouchi, ran rampant in Tianjin.

When it comes to spies, many people think of mysterious people who are engaged in secret work and spying on military intelligence. In fact, in the Ming Dynasty, spies were public figures. At that time, spies generally came from Dongchang and Wei Jinyi, collectively referred to as "factory guards".

The secret service of the Ming Dynasty can be divided into three parts: some were stationed in various places, some were stationed in the capital, and some were temporarily dispatched abroad. Except the Royal Guards, all the others were presided over by eunuchs, appointed and removed by the leaders of the eunuchs' leading organs, and then the emperor made the final decision. Among these three parts, the largest number is distributed all over the country, which was established from Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and later in various provinces and important towns across the country. Their task is actually to spy on local officials, soldiers and people for the emperor and secretly check the military and civilian trends.

Judy, the Ming emperor, moved to Beijing in Yongle 15. Before moving the capital, he first sent Wei Jinyi, the personal bodyguard in charge of the emperor's defense, to Tianjinwei, and set up Wei Jinyi's command yamen in front of Sanwei's original command yamen. The location is near the present Jinyiweiqiao Street, and it is responsible for secretly monitoring the military and civilian movements in Beijing and Tianjin. (1404 After the establishment of Tianjinwei, as Tianjin has not yet been built, the official residence of Commander Tianjinwei is located near Wanghailou, Lion Forest Bridge; After the city was built, the guards ordered the yamen to enter the city, and the original guards were vacant. )

According to reports, Wei Jinyi appeared as a place name after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, because there was a river near Wei Jinyi Street. A wooden bridge was built on this river during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and later people used to call it Wei Jinyi Bridge. After the bridge, people lived here, which was later called Wei Jinyi Bridge Village, and Wei Jinyi Street also appeared. 1953 Wei Jinyi Bridge was demolished during the water conservancy construction in Tianjin, and Wei Jinyi Street has been preserved to this day. Now, when you pass by this place, you can also see the road sign of "Wei Jinyi Street". After the mid-Qing Dynasty, many celebrities lived here. Jiao Youying, one of the eight ministers of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, retired to Jinyiweiqiao village after political defeat and lived in a simple life. Later, Jiao Juyin was a famous dramatist in China. People in brown uniforms can be seen everywhere ―― agents in Tianjin are a dime a dozen.

In Tianjin at that time, you could always see the figure of factory health workers. Although it is a secret service, their clothes are very conspicuous and can be recognized at a glance. Both the East Factory and the West Factory are in the charge of a prefect (the West Factory has been set up twice, and the time is not long), and the East Factory is in the charge of eunuchs. The eunuch in charge of the East Factory is called "supervisor" or "factory owner". Under him, there are 1000 families in charge of punishment and 100 families in charge of punishment. Both of them were selected from the Royal Guards. Then there are more than forty people in charge of the shift change, the foreman and the secretary's office, divided into twelve ugly hats. Each steward wears a round hat, soap boots and a brown shirt. Others have the same boots and hats, but they wear straight bodies. In fact, it is the service director and the fan service who are scouting and visiting outside. The service supervisor is also called the "platoon leader". * * */kloc-more than 0/00 people, also divided into 12 ugly hats, white boots, brown clothes, small taeniasis. Commanders in charge of service have served several times, also known as "Fan Zi" and "Director". These people are also composed of elites selected by the Royal Guards. Therefore, when people wearing clothes from Dongfang Factory or Royal Guards appear, people and local officials stay away from them for fear of being teased by these people.

There were many eunuch yamen in Ming Dynasty, including twelve prisons, four divisions and eight bureaus, collectively called twenty-four yamen. Among them, Si was the chief yamen among the twenty-four yamen of eunuchs in Ming Dynasty, and also the highest command organ of secret service in Ming Dynasty. The agents of the East Factory are under the direct command of the Emperor. The eunuchs sent to preside over the East Factory are all close friends of the emperor, and the customs clearance (that is, work permit) issued by them is much more authoritative than other eunuchs' official positions. The customs clearance of other eunuchs is the word "official clearance somewhere", while the seal of the East Factory is "official clearance of an imperial east factory official school official".

In addition to spying on the officials and people in Beijing, the East Factory is also within the scope of reconnaissance. Because the East Factory is also responsible for investigating the situation all over the country, the temporary agents are the most extensive, and the eunuchs sent to supervise the army are called military supervisors; Or to collect taxes, called tax supervision; There are also prefects of Beijing battalion, supervising warehouses and purchasing materials. All over the country, all responsible for the investigation.

With the passage of time, only one place name, Wei Jinyi, can remain in the factory guard yamen in Tianjin today.

3. Physical protection

Simply put, it is the garrison guarding the capital.

In the second year of Hongwu (A.D. 1369), the pro-army Duwei House was established, in charge of the center, left, right, front and back guards, specializing in the defense of the imperial city. In the sixth year of Hongwu (A.D. 1373), he made a gold medal for guarding, which was still a gold-plated bronze medal. The words "guard" and "driver" are written on the card, which is stored in the insurance department, and the sergeant on duty will pick it up and return it when the value is low. In the 15th year of Hongwu (A.D. 1382), a Royal Guards was established, and the magistrate of Nanbei Town 14 Division was established. They are composed of generals, lux and a captain, who are specially responsible for escorting the emperor and have the task of patrolling and arresting the emperor. They are bodyguards.

As for clothes, you can watch TV to understand!