Is Mozi's strategy of persuading the public to lose the game the same as that of persuading the king of Chu? Try to analyze briefly.

Mozi first set a trap to induce the loser to say "I will not kill anyone". Then, Mozi made a fuss about this sentence. The sentence "What's the crime in Song Dynasty" is understated and aggressive, which immediately puts the public loss plate that helped Chu attack Song State in a wrong position; Then, Mozi criticized the behavior of the public loser from all angles with the words "not wise", "not benevolent", "not loyal", "not strong" and "not knowing the class", so that the public loser could not make any excuses for his behavior, which was tantamount to breaking the retreat of the public loser. The phrase "righteousness does not kill the few, but kills the many" reveals the deception of the "righteousness" advertised by the public loser.

The word "service" indicates that Mozi's argument is reasonable and powerful, which makes the public lose nothing to say. However, the invaders won't stop easily. When Mozi further asked him why he didn't stop building the ladder, the public loser put the blame on the king of Chu, and then under Mozi's further coercion, he had to promise to lead Mozi to see the king of Chu. The article naturally transitions to the following.

Step 2:

We adopted the same strategy to deal with King Chu and Mozi, and let him fall into the dilemma of using the spear of the son to attack the shield of the son. However, in front of the king of Chu, Mozi paid more attention to the tactfulness and artistry of persuasion. He first used an assumption that there was such a person who stole a neighbor's broken car instead of sitting in a gorgeous car; I don't wear silk clothes, but I steal neighbor's coarse clothes. Don't eat good food when you have good food, but steal poor food from your neighbors. Then he asked, "Why is this human?" Lure the king of Chu to say, "There must be something stolen", which is exactly what Mozi wants the king of Chu to say. Mozi immediately used three exaggerated comparisons in succession, saying that Chu was rich in products and Song was poor in products, and thus concluded that Chu's attack on Song was "stealing diseases" and "similar". At this point, the king of Chu, like a loser, fell into the circle he denied and had nothing to say but say "good" However, relying on the strength of Chu, he still did not give up his plan to attack the Song Dynasty.

Step 3:

Writing Mozi forced the King of Chu to give up his attempt to attack the Song Dynasty.

First, briefly describe the offensive and defensive battle between Mozi and the public losing game. Use "nine attacks" and "nine distances" to point out the fierceness of the battle, use "attacking all the weapons" and "defending more than enough" to explain the result of the fierce battle, and use "bending" to point out that the public losing plate has been exhausted. When he realized that Mozi would be a great obstacle to attacking the Song Dynasty, the public losing plate was steep and murderous. Mozi was keen to expose it, and he clearly told Gongbo Pan and the king of Chu that the State of Song had made full preparations. "Even if I kill the minister, I can't be absolutely destroyed." This made Gongbo Pan and the king of Chu dare not act rashly, and the king of Chu had to cancel the plan to attack the Song Dynasty. This account shows that it is not enough to stop aggression by reasoning alone, but it must be backed by sufficient strength.

second, research on problems

what are the linguistic features of this article?

The language of the characters in the text is very expressive, from which we can see the spirit and personality characteristics of the characters, especially Mozi's language. For example, he used five "can't be said" in a row, and he repeatedly denied it, which was very imposing, making it impossible to refute the public loss; In the dialogue with the king of Chu, he used three contrasts in a row and boasted, saying that Chu was vast and rich in products, and Song was narrow and poor in products, which not only satisfied the vanity of the king of Chu, but also made him realize that attacking Song was meaningless and even stupid. The passage that exposes the murder of the public losing plate and finally dispels Chu's attempt to attack the Song Dynasty is full of long and short sentences, and the tone is slow and urgent, which is both calm and intimidating, fully showing Mozi's fearless and calm characteristics.

exercise instructions

1. Read the text in different roles. In brief words, I will tell you how Mozi stopped Chu from attacking Song step by step, and experience Mozi's persuasion art.

"Read the text by roles" can be put after the teacher has finished teaching the text. Listen carefully to the following sentences and read the tone correctly:

① The public lost the dish and said, "My righteousness is solid and I don't kill people." (At this time, the public loss plate has the taste of decorating itself with "righteousness", so it is necessary to read his serious and arrogant tone. )

② The public loser said, "No, I'm the king now." In the case of being speechless, the public loser had to make a feint and shift the focus of the contradiction to the king of Chu. We should read his weak and bullying tone. )

③ Wang said, "Good. Although the public transport plate is a ladder for me, I must take Song. " (The King of Chu admitted that Mozi was right, but with the strength of Chu, it was imperative to attack the Song Dynasty. Therefore, there is no sincerity in "goodness"; "Although ..." reflects the tough attitude of an overbearing warlord, so we should pay attention to the differences when reading. )

(4) the public lost the game and said, "I know it's too far away, so I won't say anything." (The loser is doing a dark calculation in his mind, trying to read a sinister and threatening tone. )

Mozi's efforts to dissuade Chu from attacking the Song State can be divided into three steps: making the public lose ground; Make the king of Chu unreasonable; Simulating the offensive and defensive shows that Chu's attack on Song will not have a good result, prompting the king of Chu to give up attacking Song.

Mozi's persuasion art can be grasped from these aspects: his logical methods (comparison method, classification method), his wit that is good at trapping people in contradictory situations, or his forceful or figurative or sharp and straightforward language, and so on.

Second, according to the context, translate the following sentences into modern Chinese, and pay attention to the usage of interrogative words in the sentences.

The purpose of this question is to make students pay attention to the sentence patterns of interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions.

1. What is the master's life?

2. What was Song's crime?

3. Are you bored?

4. Hu doesn't see me as king?

5. why is this human?

Translation:

1. What's your opinion, sir?

2. What is the sin of Song State?

3. Why not stop?

4. why not introduce me to the king of Chu?

5. What kind of person is this?

Third, read Lu Xun's novel "Non-attack" after class, and compare it to see what is the difference between Mozi in the novel and Mozi in the text.

This question is intended to broaden students' reading horizons and deepen their feelings and understanding of the two articles in comparative reading.

Lu Xun's novel "Non-attack" is the one with the most historical basis and the least fictional meaning in his New Stories. The image of Mozi in it is not much different from that in "Public Loss", but it is richer in personality connotation. Such as his frugality, his perseverance, his hard-working spirit, his deep concern and sympathy for ordinary people, etc., are all shown in the novel "Non-attack".

Teaching suggestions

First, pay attention to reading practice. Experience the characters' psychology, grasp the characters' personality and feel the intense and tense atmosphere in reading aloud.

Second, there are many similarities in words and sentence patterns in this paper, so it is not necessary to explain them sentence by sentence, but to inspire students to learn by analogy and improve their self-study ability.

Third, teachers can refer to Reading A New Story: Not Attacking (The Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 2, People's Literature Publishing House, 1981).

Relevant information

1. Introduction of Mozi and Mozi (Sun Zhongyuan)

Mozi was a thinker in the early Warring States period in China and the founder of mohists. The last name is Mo Ming Zhai, and the date of his birth and death is not exactly recorded in history.

Modern scholars generally believe that Mozi was born around 476 BC and died around 39 BC. Where Mozi was born is also controversial. Biography of Mencius and Xunzi in Historical Records said that he was a "doctor of the Song Dynasty", while Gao Youzhu in Lu Chunqiu Dangran thought that he was a native of Lu, and some said that he was originally a native of the Song Dynasty and later lived in Lu for a long time.

Mozi claimed that "there is no matter of the monarch in the present, and there is no difficulty in farming in the next", which seems to belong to the "scholar" class at that time. But he also admitted that he was a "bitch". He may have been a craftsman or a small handicraft owner, and he has quite rich production skills. Mozi "worked day and night, taking self-suffering as the extreme", and traveled among the vassal States for a long time to publicize his political views. According to legend, he stopped Chu from attacking Song Dynasty and advocated universal love and non-attack. He "traveled south to defend" and preached "livestock" for defense. He also visited the State of Chu many times and presented books to King Hui of Chu. He refused the land given by the king of Chu and went to Qi in his later years in an attempt to stop Xiangzi from cutting down Lu, but failed. The King of Yue invited Mozi to be an official, and promised a fief of 5 Li. He took "listen to me and use my way" as the condition for going, regardless of fiefs and titles, in order to realize his political ambitions and opinions. He once recommended some disciples to be officials in various countries for the same purpose.

Mozi put forward such ideas as "universal love", "non-aggression", "Shang Xian", "Shang Tong", "frugality" and "non-happiness" in politics. The core of his social and political thought is "to be different from others", and "not to attack" is his concrete action program. He believes that as long as everyone "loves each other and benefits each other", there will be no bullying, arrogance, ignorance and mutual attack between countries in society. He sharply exposed and criticized the disasters caused by the war waged by the rulers and the luxury and enjoyment in ordinary manners and customs. In the principle of employing people, Mozi advocated meritocracy, opposed cronyism, and advocated that "officials are impermanent and expensive, but the people are not cheap." He also advocated that from the son of heaven, the princes and princes to the chiefs at all levels, we should "choose the talented people in the world" to act as; The people have to obey the monarch and achieve "the righteousness of the world together." These ideas reflected the desire of small producers to participate in political power, and objectively played a role in maintaining feudal rule.

Mozi is a collection of works by China and mohists during the Warring States Period. According to the Records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi, there were 71 original Mozi, but only 15 volumes and 53 articles have been circulated so far, and 18 articles have been lost. Academic circles generally believe that it was compiled by Mozi's disciples and their later studies in different periods, reflecting the thoughts of Mohism in the early stage and Mohism in the later stage.

(Excerpted from Encyclopedia of China China Literature I, Encyclopedia of China Publishing House, 1992)

Second, the translation

The public transport board made a ladder for Chu, and after it was made, it was used to attack the Song State. When Mozi heard the news, he set off from Lu, walked for ten days and ten nights, arrived in Yingdu and went to see the loser.

The public loser said, "What can I do for you, sir?"

Mozi said, "Someone bullied me in the north, and I want to kill him with your strength."

the public losing plate is unhappy.

Mozi said, "Please let me give you ten gold."

The loser said, "I am a moral person, and I must not kill people for no reason."

Mozi stood up, made two obeisances and said, "Please let me say a few words. I heard in the north that you built a ladder to attack the state of Song. What is the crime of Song State? Chu has plenty of land, but it lacks people. Now it is not smart to kill the people it lacks and compete for the land it does not lack. Song has no sin and wants to attack it. It can't be said that it is benevolence. Knowing this truth, but not arguing, can not be said to be loyal. Arguing without achieving the goal cannot be said to be strong. I said that it is unreasonable to kill a small number of people, but it is not reasonable to kill many people. "

the losing bid was persuaded.

Mozi said, "Then, why not stop attacking the Song Dynasty?"

The loser said, "No, because I have already told the King of Chu."

Mozi said, "Why don't you introduce me to the King of Chu?"

The loser said, "All right."

when Mozi met the king of Chu, he said, "Now there is a man here who threw away his gorgeous car and wanted to steal it when he saw his neighbor's broken car. Throw away your splendid clothes and want to steal them when you see your neighbor's coarse clothes; Throw away your own white rice and fat, and want to steal when you see your neighbor's chaff. What kind of person is this? "

the king of Chu said, "(this man) must be sick of stealing."

Mozi said, "The land of Chu is 5, Li in Fiona Fang, and the land of Song is only 5 Li in Fiona Fang. It's like a gorgeous car compared with a broken car. There is Yunmengze in Chu State, which is full of rhinoceros, elk and so on. There are so many fish, turtles, catfish and catfish in the Yangtze River and Hanshui River in the world. Song Guozhen, as people say, is a place where there are no pheasants, rabbits and crucian carp. It's like comparing white rice fat with chaff. There are big trees such as pine, catalpa, Phoebe bournei and Cinnamomum camphora in Chu, but there are no big trees in Song. This is like comparing splendid clothes with coarse clothes. I think the king attacked the state of Song, just like this thief. "

the king of Chu said, "Yes! Although this is the case, the public loss plate has built a ladder for me, and (I) must lay the Song Kingdom. "

so, the king of Chu summoned the loser. Mozi took off his clothes as a city and used bamboo pieces as instruments. Time and time again, the public transport set up a siege method, and Mozi blocked him again and again. The siege equipment of the public transport plate has been used up, and Mozi's method of guarding the city is more than enough.

The skill of public losing is poor, but he said, "I know how to deal with you, but I won't say anything."

Mozi also said, "I know what you are going to do to me, but I won't say anything."

the king of Chu asked what was going on.

Mozi said, "The meaning of losing is just to kill me. Kill me, and the kingdom of Song can't hold on, so you can take it. However, 3 people, including my student, Bird Slippery Li, have already taken my defensive equipment and are waiting for the Chu State to attack in the Song Dynasty. Even if you kill me, you can't kill all the people who defend Song State. "

the king of Chu said, "all right! I won't attack the state of Song. "

iii. Appreciation of Gongbo (Jiang Tao)

Gongbo tells the story of Mozi's stopping Chu from attacking Song Dynasty, vividly describes Mozi's hard practice and tenacious struggle spirit in order to realize his "non-attack" proposition, and at the same time exposes the insidious and cunning of Gongbo and the King of Chu, thus showing that only by combining morality and strength can the invaders be forced to restrain their ambitions.

In this article, Mozi saw the nature of war clearly. He could clearly point out the injustice of Chu's attack on Song Dynasty, so he took pains to travel long distances to the capital of Chu State to stop the war with practical actions. It is precisely because Mozi stood on the side of justice that from beginning to end, he took the initiative to attack the public loser and his master, the king of Chu, and fought irreconcilable, and he was righteous and righteous. At that time, the Song Dynasty of Chu was small, the Song Dynasty was strong and weak, and Chu had long planned to attack the Song Dynasty. It was extremely difficult to stop this war. However, Mozi finally stopped the war. This is certainly related to Mozi's wit and eloquence, but more importantly, he can attack the enemy's key points. First of all, he defeated the enemy morally. When Mozi arrived in Chu, Gong Bo asked him why he came. He said, "Those who insult my ministers in the north are willing to kill them with their sons." First, it made the public lose "don't say (Yue)", and then forced out "I will not kill anyone." However, the public loser only knows that killing one person is unjust, but he doesn't know that it is even more unjust to attack the Song Dynasty and kill more people. Therefore, Mozi went on to point out: "Righteousness does not kill less, but kills many people, which can not be described as knowing the class." Make the public losing game speechless. In a very embarrassing situation, the loser had to pass the responsibility on to the king of Chu. When Mozi saw the king of Chu, he also adopted the method of "attacking the shield with the spear of the son" and morally condemned the injustice of Chu's attack on the Song Dynasty. Taking the rich stealing the poor as a metaphor, he asked the king of Chu, "Why is this a human being?"? Make the king of Chu admit and say that this person "must have a stolen disease." Since it is admitted that such people "have stolen diseases", then Chu attacked the poor Song Dynasty with a rich country, which is "for the same kind". In front of Mozi's strong argument, the King of Chu had to be called by Nuo Nuo. The argument of "killing the masses without killing the few" and the fact that the king of Chu stole the poor from the rich were morally untenable, so they were embarrassed by their arguments.