Work skills of novice construction workers

About drawings

Many newcomers can't understand the meaning of drawings at all, but they can't turn over drawings every day. They can only put a piece of paper in front of the table and pretend, but they are playing with their mobile phones to kill boring time. In fact, drawings are the soul of construction, and there are many places worthy of our attention on the drawings. Indeed, as a newcomer, it is difficult to see these things. What shall we do? Then let's look at the simple ones.

The original drawings were those of foundation pit and support. There are really no simple problems we can find in this respect, but there are some simple and practical skills when it comes to foundation and structure and architectural drawing. The first is the load problem. The structural description must indicate the ultimate load of each structure. Generally speaking, there will be no problems in other places. The question is:

1, fire escape.

2. Construction elevator. Especially the construction elevator, it will definitely be overloaded. Find out the total weight of the elevator in the construction plan of the elevator, and calculate the load according to the knowledge learned by the school.

3. Secondly, find fault with the structural drawing and architectural drawing. Check the elevation first. If Party A revises this drawing a lot in the early stage, it must be that there is something wrong with the foundation elevation. Then compare the architectural drawing with the structural drawing. First, check whether the axis and the sideline are in the same position. Although it should not be wrong to outline the outline of the building with Tianzheng now, there may be unexpected surprises if you check it out. There are walls on the architectural drawings. Since Party A is basically going to modify the architectural drawings in the later period, it is likely that the beams and structural drawings on the wall are embarrassed to come. This old builder often ignores it, but it is an opportunity for newcomers to show off. Although you may still be fired, at least you can find the problem, which is better than sitting still. Generally, it is good to get the architectural drawings at the beginning of the project. What about the decorative drawing in the back? Don't wait.

Tips for Newcomers in Project No.2 (2)

About pay-off

What should I do after reading the drawings? On-site pay-off, of course.

Pay-off is the embodiment of a builder's basic ability. If you can lead others to pay off the line smoothly at the construction site, congratulations, you are no longer a rookie. It's time to ask the boss about the treatment. There is really nothing to talk about in return. Basically, the builders will show it to you several times and think about why. It can basically be done.

Then why do I write so much nonsense? Mainly, I found that many construction workers on the construction site now, especially those who have little reading, like to ask new people some questions, show their abilities and attack the so-called college students by the way. Their favorite problem is how to enlarge the arc. I mean, they are really free, but what if you really meet them? A relatively simple answer (this is just a way to attract jade, not a method that can be used everywhere, just to give you an idea to answer questions. Although I have written some skills, remember not to copy them mechanically, or you may throw a stone at your own feet.) Just find the center of the circle, draw a radius line, leave a point every 1 m, and then connect them with ink lines.

There's really nothing to write about measuring altitude. If you haven't even touched the basic measuring tools such as tape measure, then I really have nothing to say.

The third piece of advice for engineering newcomers (3)

template

It's time to build a template. Now, no matter which construction site, no attention is paid to curing concrete. Basically, soon after concrete pouring is completed, materials such as templates will be placed immediately, so the first thing we need to do is to ask them to put a template under the materials to prevent the concrete structure from being damaged. The same is true when steel pipes are erected, and the formwork is required to be placed under the mouth. Then you can rest, the template has nothing to do with you, and the template is not completely under the control of the newcomer. Turn slowly and learn slowly. Until the template is almost supported, the trick is coming again.

Generally, carpenters will pay great attention to the distance between the formwork and the diagonal brace. But do not pay attention to the following aspects:

1. The formwork under the main girder should be pulled through with a sweeping rod. What? You don't know what a sweeping pole is and what a pull-through is. Ok, let me explain. The sweeping bar is a steel pipe erected at a position about 250px from the ground, which is connected with other templates to ensure the structural stability of the templates. Sweeping pole is to connect adjacent formwork with steel pipes one by one along the direction of main girder.

2. Install the formwork support just below the KL joint. Personal experience is that if the cross-sectional area of two beams is more than 0.5 square meters, you can ask for an increase.

The most important thing is to be careful when walking on the construction site! There are nails everywhere, this is a lesson of blood!

Tips for Newcomers in Project No.4 (4)

About steel bars

Solve the problem of reinforcement in engineering;

Before explaining the tips of reinforcement engineering, I must write the following passage. I think it is very important. In structural engineering, the reinforced concrete foundation supporting the whole building is the top priority of structural engineering! Especially steel bars are the easiest to master, but they are also the most difficult to master. It is strongly recommended that brothers find a breakthrough from the steel bar. As long as you have mastered it roughly, you can say that you have mastered a skill to make money. You don't have to worry about being a newcomer and losing your job and future. Really, you can ask anyone who has been there. Therefore, this little trick will sum up a lot of common sense of steel bars and let newcomers in the province make jokes at the construction site.

Enhanced common sense

1, the raw materials directly delivered to the site are generally divided into six specifications: 6m, 9m and 12m, of which 9m is the most commonly used. This is because the distance between two adjacent axes in a span in the figure is usually about 8m.

2. Although the steel bars are thin, they are actually very heavy. The calculation method of steel bar weight is Baidu's own. I suggest studying. It's simple. The main purpose is that the tower crane will not overload when mixing steel bars.

3. There are three kinds of rebar lap joints commonly used in general construction sites: sleeve joint, wire lap joint and welding, among which the sleeve joint is the most expensive and the most difficult, but if the joint is in place, the sleeve joint has the best effect. (not necessarily. If the price of steel bars continues to rise, it will soon exceed the price of sleeves. )

Rebar below 4.6mm (excluding 6mm) is a special product with high price. But don't be silly to ask the old bird why he doesn't use 6mm rebar instead. Think for yourself and then calculate the cross-sectional area.

5. There is a lack of reinforcement somewhere in the standard layer. If there is no shift and material change list, it will definitely be wrong in the same position next time. Because all steel bars are configured according to the bill of materials or the processing factory.

6. If the steel bars in the beam or column are too dense, the steel bars are unevenly distributed, leaving a large gap, and the rest of the gaps are small, don't ask people, and don't scold the steel workers. This is done on purpose, so that when the concrete is impacted, the vibrator can extend into the beam or column to vibrate.

7, there is a train of thought must be clear, the row of reinforcement on the beam lap outside the span13, that is, in the middle of the two columns, and the next row of reinforcement is just the opposite, it is best to lap in the column. The bottom plate is the opposite.

Small technique

1, if the stirrups are not processed on site, you can measure the diameter of steel bars with vernier calipers, and then you can report to the leaders, because in order to make money, the processing plants will inevitably lengthen the steel bars and then make stirrups, so stirrups are generally unqualified. My experience is that the stirrup foundation energy of 10mm is generally 9.7mm, even if it is qualified, and so on.

2. Pay attention to the drawings: structural description. Special attention should be paid to the content of steel bars. Many people turn over a manual every day when they have nothing to do, but they don't look at the structural description. As a result, they recorded a lot of anchorage and lap data of steel bars, and found it wrong when they arrived at the scene. They scolded the rebar workers and told them to change rebar workers. As a result, I was scolded by the steel worker and lost my face. Since then, their prestige has disappeared. Why? Some anchorage values of steel bars will be specified in the structural description, as long as they meet the anchorage values.

3. The densified area of the first-class seismic stirrup is twice the height of the beam, and that of the second-class seismic stirrup is 1.5 times. That is to say, the height of my beam is 1m, the seismic level is one, and the stirrup encryption area is 2m. If the spacing of the encrypted area is 100mm, then there should be 20 stirrups in this area, so let's see if the steel reinforcement worker has cut corners.

4. If there is no requirement in the drawing, the plate steel bars can be bound with plum blossom, that is, the iron wire is bound at an oblique angle, not at every steel bar joint, but all the plate steel bars closest to the beam edge should be bound.

5. Remember to check whether the cushion block is put away before sealing the mould after the reinforcement of shear wall and column is tied, so as to prevent the reinforcement from leaking after concrete pouring.

6. The steel bars are dirty. Remember not to rub it.

Ok, let's write these things. If you can master these things and look at the specifications yourself, you can basically solve 40% of the reinforcement problems in the project.

Five secrets of engineering newcomers (5)

specific

Enough about the rebar. It's time to be specific.

Also called specifically? Concrete? The word invented is good, artificial stone, which vividly illustrates what kind of work concrete is.