Essay answering skills

Short reading skills 1. Prose knowledge reserve 1. Define what is the concept of prose? Prose is a style in which the author describes people, things, sights and things in social life in vivid language, digs into its connotation and philosophy, and expresses his feelings about nature, society and life. (2) Characteristics of understanding: form and dispersion: 65,438+0; Free materials: write characters, take notes, draw scenes and draw objects; 2) Flexible and diverse expression techniques: symbol and contrast; 3) Eclectic expression techniques: narrative, description, discussion and lyricism are often integrated into one furnace. Spiritual gathering: the theme is focused and distinct (3), the classification of prose (1), lyric prose (2), narrative prose (3), discussion prose (4), common artistic expression techniques, symbol and contrast, borrowing scenery, expressing emotion, expressing ambition, chanting things and expressing emotion, making things reasonable, restraining them first and then promoting them (5 Grasping the clue also grasps the author's train of thought. According to the needs of the article center, we can take things as the line and things as the line; You can take people as the line and love as the line; You can also take time as the line and place as the line. Ways to find clues: first, pay attention to the title of the article (some titles directly reveal clues, and some titles contain clues); Second, pay attention to the repeated words and sentences in the text; Third, we should pay special attention to the lyricism in the article, because the "emotion" in prose is usually an important clue to the organization of the article. (VI) Theme of Prose In the final analysis, the theme of prose is the author's perception of nature, society or life. Only by grasping the author's subjective feelings in the content of the article can we dig out the profound significance of the article. (7) The language of prose (1) is simple and natural (2) vivid and vivid (3) profound and meaningful (2) Analysis of test sites and common questions (1) Overall perception of test sites (1) What to write (main content of the article) Test sites (2) Why to write (writing intention, That is, the feelings and reasons to be expressed in the article) What to write first-what to write next-what to write next) Example 1: A mother and parents-a teacher took a mid-term exam in Ziyang in 2006, 1 Title: Based on clues, through the description of the mother's four parent-teacher meetings, the child's growth process was outlined, and a new mother image was created, which praised. (2) Discriminate the rhetoric and functions used in 1 sentence. Metaphor: vivid image 2. Personification: personification, vividness and image 3. Parallelism: enhancing language motivation 4. Rhetorical question: emphasis 5. Repeat: emphasize 6. Contrast: highlight one of them. 7. Duality: the sentence pattern is neat and the structure is unified. 8. exaggeration: trying to express. (3) Understanding the contextual meaning of words and their functions: adhere to the principle of "words are inseparable from sentences, sentences are inseparable from texts" and avoid "taking words out of context". Contact the context and infer its contextual meaning. For example, the second question of a mother's parents' meeting, when her son received Tsinghua University's admission notice, the mother was "sad and happy, and could no longer hold back the tears that had condensed in her heart for more than ten years". What does "mixed sorrow and joy" mean in the sentence? [Appreciation] This is a short but profound philosophical article. The mother in the article has good intentions. Every time, she can turn the teacher's criticism, accusation and disdain into praise and encouragement, and sprinkle it on her son's heart like a little spring rain to encourage him to grow up confidently. I'm afraid this kind of education is very different from most family education we usually see. Many of our parents advocate the weapon of criticism, and it is often amplified criticism. After reading this article, I might as well think about what kind of education is better.

This article describes a child's life experience from kindergarten to university for more than ten years in more than 1000 words, in which the author left a broad imagination space for readers. When reading, imagine: How did this unintelligent child study hard and grow up step by step with his mother's encouragement? (4) Understanding the deep meaning of a sentence Sentences with deep meaning often use some rhetoric or writing techniques to deliberately hide the true meaning of the sentence, as if to cast a veil over it. To understand the deep meaning of a sentence, we must first see the "stealth" technique it borrows and analyze it with a clear aim. For example, the third question in the letter to my future children: "There is a passage in the article:' These noble interests will support your life, so that you will never forget the fragrance of roses in the harshest winter. "What does this sentence actually mean? (5) Understanding the role of sentences in an article should generally be analyzed from two aspects: 1. The content should be analyzed by the meaning of clauses and the relationship with the theme. 2. Structurally, it should be analyzed from the angles of guiding the full text, connecting the preceding with the following, coordinating the following, promoting the plot development, indicating the theme and summarizing the above. 1, grasp the content of the article and summarize the theme of the article.

Prose has a wide selection of materials, free writing and rich feelings, so accurately grasping the theme of the article is also one of the test sites of prose. The ways to grasp the theme of prose are as follows: (1) find the central sentence, hints and keywords that suggest the theme and summarize the theme of the article; (2) Summarizing from the selected materials, the materials serve the center of the article. You can see what kind of views, attitudes and feelings are expressed by the materials selected in the article, and find the theme that the author wants to express.

Examination form: directly summarize the theme of the full text or a paragraph or the author's thoughts and feelings.

Key points: (1) Be able to use the original words as much as possible; (2) When the original words are not available, we should pay attention to the accuracy and hierarchy of language expression, so as to be concise and not to miss the answer points.

2, clear the context of the article, grasp the order

In order to express his thoughts and feelings, the author will carefully organize and select materials; In terms of expression, we strive for perfection, paying special attention to the order, level and proper limit of words used in expression. The order in prose generally includes: the order of material selection; Paragraph order; Sentence order; Word order, etc.

(1) clue

Clues are the criteria for the author to choose materials, which we call vividly, and are the context for the author to choose materials or describe narration. For example, "Remember My Mom" takes "My mom is hardworking" as a clue; Mr. Fujino takes "the process of my communication with Mr. Fujino" and "my patriotic thoughts and feelings" as clues.

Question form: directly ask what the clue of the article is or talk about the basis of the author's selection of materials, etc.

Key points: Find clues and answer questions flexibly. The key is to be able to judge accurate clues.

(2) sequence

Question form: (1) Can the order of continuous materials or paragraphs or words be adjusted? Why? (2) Take a sentence or a few words from the original text, and let you put them back in several places you can choose.

Thinking of answering questions: form (1), pay attention to the examination of questions, some questions can not be inverted, and some can be inverted. Questioners will be prompted when giving questions; At the same time, we should also examine the relationship between materials and paragraphs and words. Whether you can or not, you should tell me why. The idea is to look at the logical relationship between materials, paragraphs and words (refer to the sequence analysis part that explains the analysis of test sites).

Form (2), the sentences extracted from the original text are often summative or connecting the preceding with the following. First, it depends on the language sense of candidates; The second is to make a rational analysis of sentences. Word order also depends on language sense and rational analysis, analyzing language environment and word collocation. Such questions are often answered selectively. Even if there is no selective answer, don't answer why, but in the process of thinking, we should consider the logical order of Tao ci and the habit of word collocation.

Step 3 taste the language

In prose reading, this is a big test center, which can contain many small items. The analysis is as follows:

(1) Meaning: The original text gives the pinyin of the word, so you can write the word according to the context and pinyin and explain the meaning of the word in combination with the context. This test center is a compulsory test this year. Fill in the words by usual accumulation, and explain the words by the context in which they are located. Thinking of answering questions: ① consider the theme of the article or paragraph and answer the meaning of the word in combination with the theme; ② Infer according to the content and meaning of sentences before and after words. Note: If you know the original meaning of the word, you must not ignore the meaning of the word in the context.

(2) Clever use of words:

Question form: comment on the function of the added words (clever use) or whether the added words can be deleted.

Thinking of answering questions: ① Explain the meaning of words (in context); (2) Expression function, the expression function of words should be answered in combination with the context or theme, and the role of words in expressing the author's thoughts and feelings or themes should be answered, and sometimes the role of words in describing the artistic conception of scenery or the role of characters should be considered. ③ Reflect the accuracy or vividness of words.

(3) The deep meaning of philosophical statement

This kind of questions are often combined with developmental questions (see the analysis of test center 5). Sometimes, we simply test the meaning of philosophical sentences. The key to such an examination is to grasp the central word and understand the deep meaning and pun meaning of the word.

4, the role of expression

An article or a paragraph is usually based on an expression. In order to express the needs of the theme, several expressions are often used comprehensively, and sometimes the functions of other expressions are investigated (or disguised), and sometimes rhetoric is incorporated here.

Description of the function of (1)

The description in prose mainly includes scenery description and character description. Scenery description mainly examines the role of artistic conception description. When answering questions, the focus is on the role of scenery description in expressing the thoughts and feelings of the author or character. It is necessary to strictly distinguish the difference between novel scenery description and prose scenery description (novel scenery description is to render the atmosphere or explain the season (season) and set off the characters; Prose scenery description directly expresses the author's thoughts, feelings or themes); The description of characters is mainly about appearance, manner, action and psychology, and the details are worthy of attention. Character description mainly highlights the character's ideological character.

(2) the role of discussion

Arguments in prose are often aimed at revealing the theme of the article or combining with lyricism to express the author's thoughts and feelings. Generally, this test center does not have a separate topic.

(3) the role of lyricism

Pay attention to the author's ideological and emotional tendencies. Generally, the questions are not given separately, but often combined with the test sites of word expression.

Talk about feelings

This is also a common problem in prose reading, which can be divided into: (1) description object; (2) Emotion towards characters; (3) Taste expressive language; (4) Put forward your own opinions and questions about some contents or forms of the article. This test center is flexible and changeable, and the key points to grasp are: ① accurately understand the meaning of the original text and the author's thoughts and feelings; (2) Have your own clear views or attitudes, and don't be ambiguous; (3) When answering questions, the language should be fluent, not a sick sentence, and the language should be hierarchical. You can quote poems or famous sayings to answer this question.