In the Song Dynasty, many traditional festivals have been passed down to this day. Please list them and tell the origin of at least two festivals.

Mid-Autumn Festival: Lantern riddle is an art form of Chinese folk literature. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people in long-term labor practice, which comes from life and is used in life; It is also an intellectual activity game that people love to see and hear. It attracts fans from all walks of life all over the world, enabling people to gain knowledge, enlighten wisdom and get wonderful enjoyment. China's lantern riddles have a long history of more than 3,000 years. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the embryonic form "Ci" and "argot" of lantern riddles appeared. In the Han Dynasty, "argot" began to divide into two directions. A mystery of things characterized by descriptive characteristics; Another literary mystery mainly focuses on the form and meaning of words. In Wei Dynasty, it was called a riddle. With the prosperity of poetry in Sui and Tang Dynasties, poetry puzzles appeared in large numbers and became the mainstream. Since the Song Dynasty, some literati have often posted riddles on various lanterns on the night of the Lantern Festival to attract pedestrians to guess and shoot. This is the origin of "lantern riddle". After the middle of Qing dynasty, enigma prevailed and many enigmas appeared. After the Revolution of 1911, lantern riddles formed two styles: "Southern School" and "Northern School". In the old society, because riddlers were mostly literati, some of them were conceited, emphasizing elegance unilaterally and rejecting folk lantern riddles. After liberation, under the guidance of the party's literary and artistic policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom", riddles have developed more vigorously, and they have been perfected and enriched day by day, making great contributions to building socialist spiritual civilization and invigorating the cultural life of the masses. At present, Chinese and overseas Chinese all over the world have lantern riddle activities and lantern riddle academic exchanges. Mid-Autumn Festival: Eating Moon Cakes Qin Zaisi's Notes on Luo Zhong said that Tang Xizong eats moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is very delicious. When he heard that the newcomer Qujiang held a wedding banquet, he ordered the chef to wrap moon cakes for the newcomer in HongLing. This is the earliest record of moon cakes we can see. Moon cakes in Song Dynasty are called "Lotus Leaf", "Golden Flower" and "Hibiscus Flower", and the making method is more clear. Su Dongpo, a poet, has a poem praising: "A small cake is like chewing the moon, with crisp and stuffing." Potato chips are fried potato chips, and the stuffing is sugar. It tastes sweet, crisp, fragrant and beautiful. After the Song Dynasty, making moon cakes not only pays attention to the taste, but also designs various patterns related to the legend of the Moon Palace on the cake surface. At first, the pattern on the surface of the cake was probably drawn on paper and then pasted on the surface of the cake. Later, I simply pressed it on the moon cake with a dough mold. The moon cake in the shape of a full moon symbolizes a happy reunion, just like the full moon on the 15th National Day. People regard it as holiday food, and use it to worship the moon and give it to relatives and friends. This is undoubtedly a reflection of the national psychology of the Han nationality. Legend has it that in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, the rulers of Yuan and Mongolia were afraid that the people would rise up and rebel, and adopted a high-pressure policy of sending one soldier to monitor every ten households, allowing only ten households to use kitchen knives. The people couldn't bear it, so they took the opportunity of exchanging moon cakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th to put a wax pill in the moon cake, wrapped it in paper, with an oath written on it, and a piece of paper at the bottom of the cake as a reminder to call on the other side to fight for the rejuvenation of Mongolia. Wenzhou, Zhejiang calls this kind of moon cake "killing tight" according to the homonym of the local dialect. This is probably the reason why a piece of paper is often attached to moon cakes today. Mid-Autumn Festival: On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the sky is as clear as water and the moon is as bright as a mirror, which can be described as a beautiful scene. However, people are not satisfied with this, so there is a custom of burning lanterns to help the moon. In Huguang area, it is customary to stack tiles on the tower and burn lights on it. In Jiangnan, there is a custom of making lanterns. In the modern Mid-Autumn Festival, the custom of burning lanterns is more popular. Modern people Zhou Yunjin and He Wei said in the article "Talking about the Four Seasons": "Guangdong lanterns are the most prosperous, and every household uses bamboo sticks to tie lanterns ten days before the festival. Make words such as fruits, birds and animals, fish and insects and celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, and paint various colors on the paste paper. Mid-autumn night lights are tied to bamboo poles with ropes, and tall trees are placed on tile eaves or terraces, or small lights are used to spell fonts or various shapes, and hung on the heights of houses, commonly known as Mid-Autumn Festival among trees or Mid-Autumn Festival vertically. Rich people can hang lights as high as tens of feet. The family gathered under the lamp to enjoy drinking, and ordinary people erected a flagpole and two lanterns to enjoy themselves. " The city is brightly lit, like a glass world. "It seems that since ancient times, the custom of burning lanterns in the Mid-Autumn Festival seems to be second only to the Lantern Festival in scale. Mid-Autumn Festival: Poetically speaking, "The Mystery of the Moon" is a bright star with unique charm on the splendid canopy of China traditional culture. For thousands of years, like other art forms in China culture, she has formed an indissoluble bond with the moon, and there are countless interesting and meaningful works related to the moon. Generally speaking, these "moon riddles" can be divided into two categories: those who solve the moon riddles and those who solve the moon riddles. Perhaps because the beautiful image of the moon is so familiar and profound in people's minds, it is not easy to make a riddle with the moon as the answer, but it is not difficult to guess. For example: "Total solar eclipse tomorrow", type the word "month"; Chrysanthemums are in full bloom in the Mid-Autumn Festival ",using the idiom" Flowers fall on the full moon "; "Moon Song", titled "Moon Bend" and "Ice Wheels Rushing", and the movie title "The sea rises and the moon rises"; Wait a minute. Many of these "moon riddles" are really ingenious and impressive, but after all, due to the limitation of making a single puzzle, the output is far less abundant than that of works with the moon as the puzzle. The creative space of the latter is obviously open, and the hands and feet of the puzzle solver are less bound, so the connotation of the riddle is greatly expanded, almost all-encompassing, and the works are more colorful and fascinating. In fact, the latter mystery should be regarded as the mainstream of the "Moon Mystery". Many riddles with the moon as the riddle take the form of poetry, and most of them quote familiar Tang poetry and Song poetry. For example, take Li Bai's "A bright moon hanging over the capital" as the character name "Qin Ming" in "Water Margin"; Take Du Fu's The Moonlight at Home! "As an agricultural term:" light "; In Jia Dao's words, "Monks knock on the Moon Gate" and hit the foreign place name "Guam"; Take Su Shi's poem "Full Moon and Sunny" as personal capital's "Self-financing"; Wait, they all fall into this category. Of course, there are also many quotations from modern poets. Mao Zedong wrote a famous poem "Huanxisha and Mr. Liu Yazi" in June 1950+00. There is a sentence in Liu's original work: "Singing the full moon", so it is quoted as a Tang poem: "This song should only exist in the sky". The riddle is locked at the bottom, which is safe and appropriate, and the ending is remarkable. Many "Mysteries of the Moon" are simple and popular, emitting a simple civilian flavor. For example: "February Ping", type the word "friend"; The sun, the moon and the stars depend on each other, and the sun and the moon * * * exist ",and the word" fishy "is typed; A pair of bright moons are intact, standing at the foot of the mountain from left to right ",and the word" collapse "is typed; Holding the bright moon in hand, playing the idiom "the pearl of the palm"; Wait a minute. These "moon mysteries" and "stupidity" are fascinating, giving people a sense of intimacy and intimacy. There are also some "mysteries of the moon", which obviously reveal a kind of elegant picture scroll. Just like "Never point his golden cup at the moon! ",playing the Peking Opera track" Night Cup "with" Falling Tail ";" Shicheng Moon is like a hook ",and the title of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is Jinling B; The end of the world and the moon are round ",type in Marshal Ye Jianying's poem" The Moon shines on me in Roy "and hit the late Ming writer" Gui Youguang "; There is also an old mystery left by the Qing dynasty, "I will return to my hometown when I see the moon twice", and I will "look at it" in the four books; ..... Guess this "moon mystery", if there is no "ink three points" in the belly, I'm afraid it will be like "dogs eat the moon and can't talk". "Some" moon mysteries "have been circulating for many years, and the interest of the world is still strong, which deserves to be called the" old age "of youth. And more works produced in the new period undoubtedly make people feel a distinctive style of the times after guessing and playing. For example, "the moon goes downstream" refers to the second physical term: "luminescence" and "fluctuation"; Twenty-five strings playing jathyapple ",playing the first form of modern literature and art:" Music evening "; Clouds break through the moon and show shadows ",playing mining jargon" open-pit mining "; Worrying about the country and the people and the bright moon ",playing the scientific and technological term" optical communication "; Wait a minute. If the historical footprint can be traced back from every dish of culture and art, isn't the above "moon mystery" also a proof? Interestingly, some "moon riddles" and the same riddle can refer to several riddles with completely different connotations, such as lifting the same red veil and seeing different smiling faces of several brides. For example, "Until, Raise My Cup, I Ask the Moon" not only bears the name "Chaotian Canal", but also bears the second foreign place names: "Yangon" and "Balkan"; Finish the sentence "I am the only one"; Then hit the stamp collecting noun "top grade"; Also type the pinyin letter four: "yowv"; There are five answers in all, which can be described as "shooting at a riddle". Another phenomenon is equally interesting-some riddles and answers of the "Moon Mystery" can actually "swap roles" with each other and still be correct. This is really one of the mysteries. For example: "This song should only be in the sky", and the movie name is "Crescent Moon"; "The moon bends Kyushu" and the seven-character Tang poem "This song should only be in the sky" is an example. It is particularly worth mentioning that many modern "moon mysteries" come from compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese. For example, when the autumn moon is full in Taiwan Province Province, the food name is "longan"; The clear stream reflects the bright moon, and the daily expression of life is "beautiful"; In Hong Kong and Macao, the word "duo" is put in the "waning moon in pairs"; Overseas Chinese in Thailand's "When is there a bright moon" hit a sentence in the Book of Songs: "Three or five in the east"; ..... Chewing and pondering these "moon mysteries", can you say that there is no deep affection between overseas children who are eager for the reunification of the motherland and the reunion of flesh and blood? ! The topic of "The Mystery of the Moon" is as graceful and touching as the moon with an ice mirror as jade. There is a saying: "The sun shines like a day, and it is the Mid-Autumn Festival. On a clear night in Na Yue, friends and relatives sit for tea and set up a riddle to invite the moon. "。 I believe that the colorful Mystery of the Moon will definitely make the moon in your eyes more charming and lovely than usual. Mid-autumn festival: rabbits in the moon and folk rabbits go to the moon palace: in people's minds, rabbits are very kind and kind animals. In ancient legends, besides Chang 'e and WU GANG, there were rabbits who first boarded the Moon Palace. This is the beautiful imagination of the ancients. Chang 'e boarded the moon palace. According to the records in ancient books such as Huai Nan Zi, it is because she ate the elixir of life that her husband asked Xi Wuniang for, flew into the Moon Palace and became a toad. WU GANG boarded the moon palace. According to Youyang Miscellanies, WU GANG, a man from the Western Regions, was sent to replace the laurel tree in the middle of the month because of his error in cultivating immortals. This osmanthus tree grows with cutting, and it will never stop cutting. As for the rabbit's arrival at the Moon Palace, it was first seen in Qu Yuan's Tian Wen, "What does it mean to feel arrogant, while Gu and Tu are in the abdomen? ".It means that Gu and Tu are in the belly of the moon. What's good for the moon? How did the rabbit get to the moon palace? Gu is a toad and Tu is a white rabbit. Fu Xuan's "Quasi-Heaven Question" in the Jin Dynasty also said: "What's in the moon, the white rabbit is working on medicine. "According to Mr. Wen Yiduo's textual research, this' white rabbit' was changed from' toad'. In this month, Gu and Tu changed from one thing to two. There is a folk legend about how they landed on the moon: Wu Gang studied immortals for three years, and Sun Boling, the grandson of Emperor Yan, had an affair with his wife A Nv and gave birth to three children. After WU GANG died, his wife felt guilty and let the youngest two children fly to the moon to accompany their nominal father. " "Shan Hai Jing-Hai Nei Jing" records: "Sun Boling, son of Emperor Yan. Wu Quan's wife, A Nv's wife. A woman who was pregnant for three years gave birth to a drum, which was delayed and died. " In mid-June, Gu and Rabbit were delayed and died. Fun "male prostitute": Because the rabbit went to the Moon Palace, people used "male prostitute" when celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival in ancient times. At the dusk of Mid-Autumn Festival, when a bright moon hangs high in the sky, every household will set up an incense table in the courtyard and place offerings such as moon cakes (also known as reunion cakes) and fruits. In addition, there are moonlight horses and male prostitutes. Women always worship the moon. After the sacrifice, the family sat around the table, drinking reunion wine and eating reunion cakes. This is an ancient custom of offering sacrifices to the moon. What are "Moonlight Horse" and "Male Prostitute" in "Sacrificing the Moon"? This is the product of the ancient city of Beijing. According to "The Scenery of the Imperial Capital", "On August 15th, the fruit cake moon will be sacrificed; If the melon is divided, it must be carved wrong, such as lotus paper, moonlight paper and full moon statue, sitting in the lotus, the moonlight shines all over the bodhisattva. The moon in China is hanging in the temple, and a rabbit is standing with a pestle, tinkering with medicine in the mortar. The smallest is about three inches, and the largest is about three inches. The workers are resplendent and magnificent. "The' moonlight paper' mentioned here is a paper horse, that is,' moonlight horse'." The Chronicle of Yanjing said: "The capital called God Horse, but did not dare to denounce God Horse". This moonlight horse, the upper part is the king of the moon and stars, the lower part is the moon palace, the ghost hall and the male prostitute, who is taking drugs. Colorful paintings are dazzling. As for male prostitutes, it is also recorded in Yanjing Chronicle: "Every Mid-Autumn Festival, smart people in the city make a toad and rabbit statue out of loess for sale, which is called male prostitutes. "In the old days, there was often a stall of male prostitutes in the area of Dongsi Pailou, and they sold male prostitutes for the Mid-Autumn Festival. In addition, Nanzhi Store and incense sticks are also available for sale. This male prostitute has been personalized through the bold creation of folk artists. That's a rabbit's head with a jade pestle. Later, some people shaped male prostitutes into warriors wearing golden helmets and shining armor, some riding animals such as lions and elephants, and some riding birds such as peacocks and cranes. It is a strange thing for male prostitutes to ride a tiger, but it is a bold creation of folk artists. There is also a male prostitute whose elbow joint and mandible can move, commonly known as "big mouth", which is more pleasing. Although it is a sacrifice to the moon, it is really a great toy for children. Shoot a wooden rabbit and eat rabbit liver: As the saying goes, "A thousand miles is different from the wind, and a hundred miles is different from the customs. "Different places and different countries have different customs. China has a vast territory and many nationalities. Therefore, the same rabbits have completely different customs. /kloc-The Liao nationality in China 0/000 years ago, formerly known as the Qidan nationality, originated from East Lake and was a nomadic people in the upper reaches of Liaohe River. Because the Khitans are nomadic people, they are not surprised by rabbits and other small animals, nor do they worship them as sacred objects, but just hunting objects. From this point of view, they also produced entertainment and eating customs related to rabbits. These customs are not only interesting, but also have strong northern characteristics. Different from the outing in the south of the Yangtze River on March 3rd and the holding of songs, riding and shooting activities are held in the north, each with its own characteristics. On this day every year, Liao people hold a wooden rabbit shooting competition, which is also a regular meeting of archery competition. Participants put a woodcarving rabbit in a selected place, and the participants were divided into two groups. It is better to shoot a horse than a wooden rabbit. Interestingly, the losing group must kneel to the winning group to express congratulations and respect; The winner doesn't have to dismount, but still rides on the horse, takes a small handleless wine cup and drinks it all at once. (See "Yanjing Miscellaneous Notes") Because the rabbit's front foot is small and short, and its back foot is big and long, it runs fast and unpredictable. Therefore, only a smart shooter will shoot. This symbolic rabbit shooting activity may be to pin people's wishes for a bumper harvest this year in the game. Every year on the Double Ninth Festival, Liao people also have the dietary custom of eating rabbit liver. On that day, the rulers of the Liao Dynasty first led ministers and tribes to hold tiger shooting activities, stipulating that those who shot less would be punished for a double ninth banquet, which was probably also an encouragement and assessment of riding and shooting. After the shooting, choose the highland, set up tents and drink chrysanthemum wine for the officials of the Han Dynasty. At the same time, cut the rabbit liver into pieces and stop eating with deer tongue sauce. Rabbit meat is tender and nutritious. Rabbit liver is more delicious. Liao people will certainly not forget this delicious dish. Mid-Autumn Festival: The custom of offering sacrifices and appreciating the moon is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China and the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival. August 15th is in the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. The ancient calendar in China called August in the middle of autumn "Mid-Autumn Festival", so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Mid-Autumn Festival". On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the moonlight is bright. The ancients regarded the full moon as a symbol of reunion, so August 15 was also called "Reunion Festival". Throughout the ages, people often describe "joys and sorrows" as "the moon is full and the moon is absent", and the wanderers living in other places rely on the moon to express their deep affection. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote poems such as "Looking up, it's moonlight, then leaning back, suddenly thinking about hometown", "Knowing that the dew is frost tonight, the moonlight at home is bright! Du Fu's "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan, when will the bright moon shine on me" and Wang Anshi's "When will the bright moon shine on me" are eternal. Mid-Autumn Festival is an ancient festival, and it is an important custom to offer sacrifices and enjoy the moon. Ancient emperors had a social system of offering sacrifices to the moon in spring, and folks also had the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Later, it was more important to enjoy the moon than to sacrifice it, and serious sacrifice turned into light entertainment. The custom of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and many poets wrote poems about the moon in their masterpieces. In the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yue Bai's court and folk activities to enjoy the moon were even larger. So far, there are many historical sites in China, such as Yue Bai Altar, Moon Pavilion and Moon Tower. The "Moon Altar" in Beijing was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and was used for royal sacrifice to the moon. Whenever the moon rises in the Mid-Autumn Festival, a box is set up in the open air, with moon cakes, pomegranates, dates and other fruits on the console table. After Yue Bai, the family sat around the dining table, chatting while eating and enjoying the bright moon. Now, the activities of offering sacrifices to the moon in Yue Bai have been replaced by large-scale and colorful activities of enjoying the moon by the masses. Although the start date of the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon can't be determined, according to the existing written materials, the "Seven Hair" of Meicheng in Han Dynasty said, "Hakka said: I will look forward to August and go to Qujiang in Guangling with the princes", which may be the origin of observing the custom of Qiantang bore after the Mid-Autumn Festival today. Around the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Mid-Autumn Festival began to enjoy the moon, but it did not become a habit. In the Tang Dynasty, it was quite popular to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Ouyang Zhan said in "Preface to Chang 'an Moon Poetry": "August is in autumn, the season begins in Meng, and the fifteenth day is in the night and the middle of the month. The avenue of the season is cold and hot, and the number of months is round. " It was not until the Song Dynasty that it was officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival: "Before the Mid-Autumn Festival, shops sold new wine, and your family decorated pavilions, while people competed for restaurants to play with the moon, singing thousands of miles away, and moon cakes were listed as the best holiday supplies." Su Dongpo has a beautiful saying that "a small cake is like chewing the moon, with crisp and filling". Mid-Autumn Festival activities in the Southern Song Dynasty are even more colorful: people give each other moon cakes as a sign of reunion. It's night, people enjoy the moon, or go to the lake and the seaside and swim along it. Above Su Causeway, it is no different from stepping on songs together during the day. And cast 10,000 "Little Red" (small sheepskin lamps) on the river, which are as bright as stars and very impressive. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the custom of "appreciating the moon" has become more popular. Many places have also formed special customs such as burning incense, walking on the moon, putting sky lanterns, planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting tower lanterns, dancing fire dragons and dragging stones. Today, folk customs such as watching the moon, eating moon cakes, having a reunion dinner, dancing dragons and lighting tower lanterns are still popular.