Please name some famous horse breeds in history.

One of the oldest breeds of horses.

The ancestors of many famous horses

"Sweaty BMW", whose real name is Akhaj Jinma, is produced in Akha Oasis between Coptic Mountains and Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan. After more than 3000 years of cultivation, it is one of the oldest horse breeds in the world. Akhajj Golden Horse has thin head and high neck, slender limbs, thin skin capillaries, light footsteps, great strength, fast speed and strong endurance. At present, the fastest speed record of bloody BMW is 84 days and 4300 kilometers. Most of the famous horses in Germany, Russia, Britain and other countries are descendants of Akhajj Golden Horse.

Many emperors' mounts

The common coat colors of Akhalje Golden Horse are light gold, jujube red, silvery white and black. In the history of Akhajj Golden Horse, most of them were used as palace horses. Alexander Macedonia, Genghis Khan and many other emperors used this kind of horse as their mounts. In the historical documents of China, Akhajj Golden Horse is called "Tianma" and "Big Bowl Bright Horse". It is said that the "blood BMW" in history books originated from Akhajj Golden Horse.

Now there are only 2000 horses left.

Akha Jie Jin stallion farm is located in the southwest suburb of Ashgabat. Founded in 1922, it was originally named Caspian stables, and changed its name to President Niyazov's stallion farm in 1992. There are about 2,000 horses in Akhal Jiejinma, which have been presented to foreign leaders as national gifts for many times. In recent years, Turkey has devoted itself to pushing Akhajj Golden Horse to the international market.

The highest value is tens of millions.

China's earliest record of "Blood Horse" was in the Western Han Dynasty 2000 years ago, which was the battle of Deng Bai in the early Han Dynasty. Emperor Gaozu led 30 troops to be trapped by tarquin, and the brave tarquin left a deep impression on Emperor Gaozu. At that time, bloody BMW was an important mount of tarquin.

In the autumn of the fourth year of Emperor Ding Yuan of the Han Dynasty (1 13 BC), a Dunhuang prisoner named "profiteer" seized a bloody BMW and presented it to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got this horse, he was ecstatic and called it "Tianma". And sing it, the song says: "Too much tribute to heaven, stained with red sweat." Rong Rong and Xi? Wan Li, I'm friends now. "

Only a swift horse can't change the quality of a domestic horse. In order to capture a large number of "blood horses", the Western Han regime in China fought two bloody battles with Dawan State in the western regions at that time.

At first, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent a delegation of more than 100 people to Dawanguo with a horse made of pure gold, hoping to exchange a heavy gift for the stallion of Dawanma. After King Dawan came to Ershi City (now Ashgabat, Turkmenistan), the capital of Dawan Kingdom, he may be eager for horses, or he may consider it from the military aspect (because cavalry is the main force in the western regions, and good horses are an important part of cavalry fighting capacity), and refused to exchange Dawan horses for the Golden Horse of the Han Dynasty. On the way home, Ambassador China was robbed in Dawan and Ambassador China was killed. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious and declared that "anyone who dares to strengthen the Han Dynasty will be punished far away", so he made a decision to forcibly seize the bloody BMW.

BC 104, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Li Guangli to lead tens of thousands of cavalry to March more than 4,000 kilometers to Yucheng, the border town of Dawan. However, the first battle was unfavorable and failed to capture the kingdom of Dawan, so we had to return to Dunhuang. When he came back, only one-tenth of the troops were left. Three years later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once again ordered Li Guangli to lead an expedition, with 60,000 troops, 30,000 horses and 65,438+10,000 cows, and also took two horse experts to Dawanguo. At this time, there was a coup in Dawan country, allowing the Han army to choose their own horses, and agreed that Dawan would send two good horses to the Han Dynasty every year. The Han army selected dozens of good horses and 3000 below-average male and female horses. After a long journey, only 1000 horses were left when we arrived at Yumenguan.

Blood horse is good in shape, considerate, fast and durable, suitable for long-distance marching, and very suitable for use as a military horse. The introduction of the "blood horse" Han cavalry has really increased the fighting capacity. There is even a story: in the battle between the Han army and foreign troops, all the troops are in a bloody battle, and the number of enemies is impressive. The well-trained blood horse thinks this is a stage for performance and performs dance steps. The other side used a short Mongolian horse. Seeing blood, the horse is tall and thin, flourishing, thinking it is a strange beast, and retreating without fighting.

Blood horse entered China from Han Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty and flourished for thousands of years. Why did it disappear later? According to historical records, there were a large number of imported sweat horses at that time, and the ratio of male to female was moderate, so breeding was feasible. However, due to the absolute superiority in the number of local horse breeds in China, any introduced horse breeds adopt the following model: introduction-hybridization-improvement-backcrossing-disappearance. In this process, it is also a very important reason that "blood horse" was abandoned by future generations because of its own shortcomings. Although the speed of the blood horse is relatively fast, it is slim and weak in bearing capacity. In the era of ancient cold weapons, soldiers fought on horseback, wearing armor and holding weapons, with a considerable total weight, preferring to choose stout horses. Moreover, because of the harness, the blood horse can't ride the shaft, while the thick Mongolian horse has no such disadvantage. In the end, almost all stallions imported from Central Asia and West Asia became extinct.

In July this year, Akhdash, a dream horse that has disappeared from Chinese vision for thousands of years, crossed the ancient Silk Road from Turkmenistan, the hometown of Central Asia, and arrived in China. This horse was presented to our leader by the President of Turkmenistan, and it is a symbol of peace and friendship between China and Turkey.

Speaking of "Ahdash"' s pedigree, it is really unusual: his ancestors used to be the mounts of the famous Soviet marshal zhukov. Zhukov rode it to defeat the famous German commander Manstein in Ukraine, and rode it to attend the ceremony of liberating Berlin.

The genealogy of "Gem" shows that all its ancestors are listed in the archives of famous horses, and Grandpa Gem won the dressage championship in the equestrian competition in the 1960s. Its illustrious background doomed it to be extraordinary. 1996 When Gemstone was just two years old, the running record of 1000 meters on the flat ground reached 1 min12second 4. It is the extremely fast running speed and good endurance that make bloody BMW a world-class famous horse. Today, the fastest thoroughbred horse in the world has its genes. At present, in the international market, the price of bloody BMW is very expensive, usually hundreds of thousands of dollars per horse, and some even have a value as high as100000 dollars.

Kasimov, Turkmenistan's ambassador to China, pointed out in an interview that "Turkmen treat horses as relatives and only give them to their best friends". He said that the horse presented to China would be "a symbol of friendship between Turkey and China and the two peoples".

According to Hanshu, there is a high mountain near the twenty cities of Dawanguo. Wild horses are born in the mountains and can't be caught. Dawanguo people put five-color mares at the foot of the mountain on spring nights. A wild horse mated with a mare and was born a bloody BMW. When the shoulders are sweaty, they are red as blood, and they are like wings, and they travel thousands of miles every day. "Blood Horse", a legendary horse living in history books, miraculously appeared in front of the public in China after disappearing for 2000 years.

The amazing discovery of Japanese experts

On April 30th this year, Hayato Shimizu, a Japanese horse researcher, announced at the horse research conference held at the University of Tokyo that he had found a "bloody BMW" near Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, China. From the photos he provided, it can be found that the shoulder of the horse called "Blood Horse" did shed blood-like liquid. According to Shimizu, after the horse sprinted at high speed, the shoulder position rose slowly, and sweat like blood flowed out. This is the same as the "bloody BMW" recorded in Historical Records written by Sima Qian in China in the Han Dynasty, which can not only travel thousands of miles a day, but also shed blood-like sweat from his shoulders. As soon as this statement came out, experts, scholars and news media in China and Japan talked about it one after another.

In fact, instead of drifting away, a "blood horse" is rare in China. Turkmenistan and Russia have relatively large populations, totaling more than 2,000 horses. However, the so-called "blood horse" in the local area is called Ahama and Akhajj Golden Horse. This kind of horse is one of the two national treasures of Turkmenistan.

195 1 year, in order to improve the horses of cavalry units, China introduced stallions from the former Soviet Union, including 52 ahama horses. This group of Ahama were raised in the stallion farm of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia. Unfortunately, at that time, a complete pedigree management system could not be established, and the imported Aha Ma Ziran was bred and hybridized with local domestic horses. Although this can improve the quality of domestic horses, it will inevitably lead to the degradation of Ahama. Decades have passed, and we have not seen Ahama in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia.

Yili, known as "Tengkunlun, calendar west pole", is the hometown of Tianma. According to historical records, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, foreign countries offered Wusunma. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw this horse, he named it "Tianma". Later, someone paid tribute to the horse that was stained with blood in the Western Regions (it is said that the sweat from this horse was blood red), so they called Wusun Ma Gaiming "Xijima" and "Tianma". The "Tianma" and "Xijima" mentioned here are the ancestors of Kazakh horses in Yili. Ili horse is one of the excellent horse breeds cultivated in China, with handsome appearance, strong physique and strong disease resistance.

There is a folk song in Xinjiang that says, "Riding a horse requires riding an Ili horse". The Ili horse is exquisite and flexible in appearance, with big eyes and bright eyes, high head and neck, small and sensitive ears, strong limbs and steady steps, and is covered with shiny bordeaux fine hair. People riding on such a big horse are really full of pride. Ili horse is not only pleasing to the eye, but also has the characteristics of running fast and pulling more goods. According to the calculation, it only takes 1 minute 15 sec. 4 to run the Ili horse. Ilima is also a good horse for lactation and meat production. In addition to feeding foals, its adult horses can also milk 6-7 kilograms a day. Moreover, the horse meat of Ili Tianma is more delicious than other horse meat, and it can be processed into smoked horse sausage that everyone likes. Yining saddle in Yili is also famous for gastrodia elata. It consists of saddle frame, leather goods making, carving and inlaying, and it is an exquisite handicraft.

Red hare

It is said in the Biography of the Three Kingdoms of Wei Zhi Lu Bu that "a good horse is like a red rabbit", and the description in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is even clearer. Red hare is a BMW pony brought by Dong Zhuo from Xiliang. In order to win over the young general Lu Bu, Dong Zhuo gave him the horse. Lu Bu killed the original owner Ding Yuan, went to Dong Zhuo's door and became his adopted son. Later, the horse followed Lu Bu and showed great power. But in the White Gate Tower, because of Liu Bei's words, Cao Cao brutally killed Lu Bu, and the Red Rabbit BMW also went to Cao Cao. It is also a coincidence that Guan Yu temporarily took refuge in Cao Cao to protect Liu Bei's two wives. Cao Cao cherished Guan Yu's talent very much. I also want to imitate Dong Zhuo's BMW for Heroes. But Guan Yu is not Lu Bu after all. He accepted the red rabbit in order to find Liu Bei faster. Since then, Red Rabbit Horse and Dragon Crescent Moon Knife have become the representative images of Guan Yu. Guan Yu defeated Maicheng and was killed by Wu Dong. The red hare was returned to Ma Zhong. But this time it no longer obediently followed the new owner, starved to death, and followed the old owner Guan Yu.

Red hare

"Lyu3 bu4 among people, red rabbit among horses", red rabbit horse has always been the representative of a good horse. There is a record about red rabbit horse in the "Three Kingdoms", but why it is called red rabbit horse is not said. So later generations think that "red" refers to its coat color, and "rabbit" runs as fast as a rabbit. Actually, this is a misunderstanding.

Since ancient times, people have endowed various animals with certain spirits and personalities. Rabbits are a symbol of cowardice and weakness in people's minds. Although it runs fast, its running is always related to running away. It can be said that rabbits are not heroes at all. Using rabbits as a metaphor for a good horse is detrimental to its image. Although rabbits run fast, they can't compare with horses in terms of speed. Not to mention a good horse, even an ordinary horse is much faster than a rabbit. So, what does the red rabbit's "rabbit" mean?

I had a monograph on horses, Xiang Ma Jing, a long time ago, which is said to be Bole's work. "Xiangma", as its name implies, is to look at horses. The first step in flattery is to look at the horse's head, because the head is the most obvious external expression of the horse's breed, quality, physical fitness and teeth. According to the shape of the horse's head, the ancients vividly divided the horse into straight head, rabbit head, concave head, wedge head and half rabbit head. The so-called "rabbit" of the red rabbit horse should refer to the head shape of the horse. A handwritten word "Xiang" was found in the silk book unearthed from the No.3 Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha. One of them said, "You can get these four things from rabbits and foxes, birds and fish, but the others can't." The third chapter explains these words, "If you want the rabbit's head and shoulders, the fox's grass and ears, the bird's eyes and neck, the fish's fins and ridges". These records show that rabbit head is an important external standard of a good horse in ancient times, and it is not easy to get a good horse with rabbit head.

Rabbit-headed and half-rabbit-headed horses are characterized by a slightly protruding upper part of the nose, some of which are like rabbit heads. Judging from the physique of modern horses, rabbit-headed horses are mostly heavy horses, which are characterized by strong body and great strength, and are also the highest breed among horses. Judging from the color of red hare, it is jujube red, usually called red. This color is the typical coat color of Central Asian grassland horses. Judging from the color of the red rabbit, this is a horse from Central Asia, that is, the ancient western regions. Horses in the Central Plains of China belong to Mongolian horses. Mongolian horses have the advantages of fast speed and fatigue resistance, but they are small in size and limited in physical strength, so many good horses have been born in the West.

"Red Rabbit Horse" is a red horse with a rabbit head, not a red horse that runs as fast as a rabbit.

"Pentium thousands of miles of dust, crossing the water to climb mountains and purple fog. Break the silk and shake the jade bridle, and make a dragon for nine days. "

This red hare is charcoal red with no hair except a white "moon bud" on his forehead. It is said that as long as the rider goes

Shoot here and it will run like a fly. It's really a good pony that travels thousands of miles every day and 800 miles at night.

It has four owners in its life. Dong Zhuo and Cao Cao just regarded him as the object of buying people's hearts. As for Lu Bu, he is like a vassal.

For prostitutes, as long as there is a war, they will use it to take the lead, and they will be left aside when they have time, but the professionalism of Red Rabbit is

It is still very high, and there has been no complaint. When I went to Xiapi to attack the city, someone took it away and let me get rid of it completely, but it didn't.

Because I am fed up with the feeling of being left out as a sacred object by the laity.

Finally, in Xuchang, he met a man who could drive his life. He is Guan Yu. Guan Yu is not riding for the first time.

What's the special feeling? Later, it saw Guan Yu and said, "I know this horse travels thousands of miles every day, and now I am lucky to get it." If I know where my brother is, I can go in one day. "

Come and see me. "What a gentleman, aboveboard. Lu Bu was tempted when he saw the red hare, but in order to get the red hare, he killed his adoptive father. identical

As a military commander, Guan Yu certainly likes horses, but his purpose is Old Master Q. This man is really loyal to his liver and righteous courage!

Finally, Red Rabbit began to look forward to his glory!

White horse, the hoofprint of inscriptions on bronze, the shadow of Wuguan and the Yellow River ferry, the cry of Changsha, the Pentium of Fancheng!

"Lyu3 bu4 in the crowd, red rabbit in the horse pile" is just the juxtaposition of two forces with equal strength in their respective fields. Different personalities and people (

Plaid is not suitable after all. Red rabbit would rather live without Qinglong crescent moon blade.

However, the owner encountered the dilemma of "going to Maicheng", and Red Rabbit was determined to advance and retreat with the owner.

The city ran out of food and grass and didn't eat for three days, but it was determined to carry its master out of danger, even if rolling in the deep.

Deep, that's it. Under such circumstances, Red Rabbit took a generation of famous soldiers to the Lin Ju Trail at night.

Legend has it that Pan Zhang took 500 men to ambush. He estimated that it was difficult for his own people to catch Guan Yu, who was "ten thousand enemies", so he let him be in the weeds in advance.

Prepare seven chains to trip the horse, but also afraid of the red rabbit horse, recognize the chains, dye the first six chains the same color as grass to confuse it.

. But the last line was not dyed because there was not enough dye. He thinks six lines is enough.

Red hare came to Guan Yu with a burden on his back. Wu Jun pulled up the first rope, and Red Rabbit easily crossed it. Wu Jun pulled up the second road, and Red Rabbit dodged again.

, jump three times, Pan Zhang has been scared pale, but red rabbit has not eaten for three days, is really tired, when the sixth line was pulled up.

By the time he came, Red Rabbit had reached the limit of being a horse, but he knew that this was the last hurdle. After this hurdle, his master could escape.

! So it gave a long sound, especially like a dragon singing a tiger roar, and its front hoof lifted, and it actually passed again! But when it just landed, it finally landed.

The undyed rope was tied, and the red rabbit wanted to exert more force, but at this moment, the reflection of the iron rope stung the red rabbit's eyes.

Eyes. The red rabbit feels very dizzy, but it knows that it will never fall. He stood up and tried to stand up, but there seemed to be thousands in the sky.

Your strength is pressing it, and there seem to be countless ropes pulling it down on the ground. God has not allowed it to rush again!

Red hare fell to the ground in grief, and a generation of famous soldiers were also punished!

(I remember watching a documentary before, which seems to be an interview with the hometown of the Three Kingdoms, but Guan Yu was captured with chains, and

Until the Cultural Revolution, it was still radiant. Locals say this is the rope that tripped the red hare. But after being photographed by a tourist, iron

The cable began to rust. )

After Guan Yu died, Red Rabbit went on a hunger strike and starved to death.

Because it is sad and angry, he is going to blame God for not letting it go up again! I miss his master Guan Yu, so I want to chase him.

Let him go! Because it has no hope, it knows that no one in the world is worth it!

Red rabbit and black vertebra, although you were born a horse, you have a shameful heart.

Four famous horses in the Three Kingdoms

First, when the red rabbit was born, who fought with it-stepping on snow?

When it comes to famous horses in the Three Kingdoms, the first thing to say is Red Rabbit. The Red Rabbit was originally the mount of Lu Bu, and later fought with Guan Yu on the battlefield. Guan Yu died in battle, and the horse died of hunger strike, following his master. Red hare, its "body, as red as hot coals, with four hooves stepping on the snow and no hair;" From beginning to end, one foot long; From hoof to neck, it is eight feet high; Howling and growling, it has the shape of flying into the sea. The record of it was first found in the biography of Lu Bu in the reflection of the three kingdoms, that is, "Lu Bu in the crowd and a red rabbit in the horse pile". Being able to go down in history is a very rare highest honor for a horse, and its position in the history of the Three Kingdoms can be seen. Therefore, during the Three Kingdoms period, all the people who could become the owners of the red rabbit were first-class heroes, and the red rabbit was undoubtedly the first-class horse among the horses.

Second, the horse is fast and the bow is like thunder-Lu.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei's mount ran very fast. The most conspicuous place in the history of the Three Kingdoms is that Liu Bei jumped over Tan Xi, which was several feet wide, and got rid of the pursuers behind him, saving Liu Bei's life. This jump established his position as a famous horse in the Three Kingdoms. Although it is not as famous as Red Rabbit Horse, it also has a certain popularity in the Three Kingdoms, and its status has been greatly improved because of Xin Qiji's sentence "The horse is as fast as a fly and the bow is like a thunderbolt".

Third, the disappearing shadow-the disappearing shadow.

The mount of a generation of lean Cao Cao. In the Book of Wei, it is recorded that he took the name of a horse and disappeared. He was shot by a flowing arrow, and his cheek and foot were injured, and his right arm was also injured. The world said: Ang can't ride, enter the horse for the public, the public is exempt, and Ang kills. "This happened when Cao Cao conquered Zhang Xiu. This battle was Cao Cao's most painful defeat except Chibi. In this battle, Cao Cao lost a son (Cao Ang), a nephew (Cao), an Iliad (Dian Wei) and a good horse (Jueying), and suffered heavy losses. This war could have been avoided. Even the lean generation of Cao Cao did not expect this war: Cao Cao conquered Zhang Xiu and Zhang Xiu surrendered to Cao Cao. However, a war began without warning. Cao Cao was caught off guard and almost died. He escaped through the shadow. And "Jueying" is said to be the "bloody BMW". It can still gallop with three arrows on it, and it is extremely fast (the name of "Jueying" means that it can't keep up with the shadow). Finally, it fell after being shot in the eye by a stream vector, and the "Jueying" horse completed all its missions in this battle.

Fourth, claws fly like lightning-hooves are like gold, flying like lightning!

Cao Cao's love pony is tall and powerful, worthy of the name and magnificent. Only a lean man like Cao deserves this fine horse. It is precisely because of the noble temperament of this horse that Cao Cao rides it every time he returns to the DPRK in triumph to show his unique momentum. This famous horse "Claw Huang Feidian" undoubtedly adds a lot of color to Cao Cao's generation.