On the Folk Customs of Miao Nationality

What are the customs of Miao nationality? Miao people's customs, historical figures and classic culture.

Miao nationality is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, with a large population and wide distribution, and Xiangxi Miao nationality is one of them. In the long-term historical development, Miao people have formed their own unique customs and habits in clothing, festivals, marriage, funeral, entertainment, etiquette, taboos and diet.

First, clothing.

There is little difference between men and women in Xiangxi Miao costume, and they are all "colorful"; Dressed in flowered clothes, pleated skirts, long hair, ochre flower handkerchiefs, boat-shaped flower shoes and various silver ornaments.

During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the instruction of "clothing should be divided into men and women" was issued, it changed a lot, and even many people changed into * * * clothes. Today, for example, the Miao people in Yongshun and Longshan counties are no different from the Han people in dress. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Fenghuang, Jishou, Guzhang, Luxi and other counties, Miao costumes still have their own characteristics.

Miao men's clothing is relatively simple; I wear a cloth handkerchief on my head, a double-breasted coat, long sleeves and small sleeves, short pants and big pants, and I like to wrap my blue feet. There are two kinds of head handkerchief: green handkerchief and flower handkerchief. Handkerchiefs are more than a foot long, as many as three feet. Wrapped up, it is mostly cross-shaped and as big as a hat. The colors of clothes are plaid, full blue, full blue and so on. Among them, plaid cloth is the most distinctive. There are usually seven buttons. Some young people wear as many as seven clothes, which makes people envy their wealth and boldness. Only the bottom pair of buttons are buckled on the outermost garment, and the bottom two pairs are buckled on the second garment ... and so on until the innermost seven pairs of buttons are buckled. So you can see layers of new clothes from the outside, which is not interesting. Respondents to the report added the customs and habits of Zhuang nationality on August 8, 200915: 20.

build

Zhuang people like to live by mountains and rivers. Between the green mountains and green waters, there are scattered wooden buildings, which are traditional folk houses of Zhuang nationality. People live on top of wooden buildings and livestock are enclosed below. No matter what house it is, the shrine should be placed on the central axis of the whole house. The front hall is used for celebrations and social activities, with people living in the wings on both sides, and the back hall is the living area. Life in the house is centered on the fireplace, and three meals a day are carried out by the fireplace. ?

Dress

Most Zhuang people use homemade home-made homespun as their clothing material, with various styles. Zhuang women's clothes are generally blue and black, with slightly wide pants, jacquard towels on their heads and exquisite aprons around their waists; Young men wear double-breasted coats with a belt around their waist.

marriage customs

"Artillery fire" entered the bridal chamber.

A marriage custom of Zhuang nationality. On the wedding day, the bride must be baptized with "guns and fire" before she can enter the house. This marriage custom is popular in Zhuang villages such as Yufeng in Tianyang County, Guangxi. Before the bride comes to the groom's house, she should stop for a while and prepare to "charge" into the house, because there are seven or eight "artillery" groups of young men at the door, hall and new house, holding a string of firecrackers waiting for the bride to come over. When the bride was approaching the door, the "gunman" lit firecrackers to form a "fire wall" to stop the bride from approaching. If you are a timid bride, you have to retreat to the door and wait for the second "charge". The "gunmen" also summed up the experience of victory and prepared for the second "blocking". It can be said that the bride can't enter the door without two or three "charges". The onlookers, three floors inside and three floors outside, are very lively. After a hard struggle, the bride jumped over the door and came to the bridal chamber. This is the last sad hurdle, because the "gunner" has to put a "gun". At this time, the clever bridesmaids and bridesmaids "scouted around" and jumped into the bridal chamber with the bride in their arms when the "gunfire" was sparse. Suddenly, cheers thundered, congratulating the bride on "winning the flag". After the wedding reception, guests will watch the bride go out to "carry water" in the dark under the guidance of the bride. The bride will fill the water tank, which is a test of whether the bride can bear the pain. In this way, the bride can't enter the bridal chamber until late at night.

memorize words

In some places at the junction of Yishan and Huanjiang County in Guangxi, young Zhuang people get married, and the custom of "reciting characters" has been popular to this day. "Bei Zi" is a transliteration of Zhuang language. In fact, it is not a word, but a broadband one foot four feet long and more than one foot wide, which was sewn by the woman's mother with dark black (the best color) homespun woven or bought by herself. On the daughter's wedding day, ask the man to assign a person who can recite words to take the cloth back to the groom's house in case the nephew is born as a baby. This custom is called "memorizing characters" in the local Zhuang language. A person who "recites words" must have three conditions: a father and a mother; Unmarried young men; Smart and polite. The ceremony of reciting characters was held in the main hall of the woman's house. The person who presides over the ceremony must be a respected elder in the village and has become a grandfather. The elders first propose two cups of local famous wine to those who recite Chinese characters. Many people recite Chinese characters. > & gt

What are the customs of Miao nationality? Miao nationality is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, with a large population and wide distribution. Miao nationality in western Hunan is one of them. In the long-term historical development, Miao people have formed their own unique customs and habits in clothing, festivals, marriage, funeral, entertainment, etiquette, taboos and diet.

First, clothing.

There is little difference between men and women in Xiangxi Miao costume, and they are all "colorful"; Dressed in flowered clothes, pleated skirts, long hair, ochre flower handkerchiefs, boat-shaped flower shoes and various silver ornaments.

During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the instruction of "clothing should be divided into men and women" was issued, it changed a lot, and even many people changed into * * * clothes. Today, for example, the Miao people in Yongshun and Longshan counties are no different from the Han people in dress. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Fenghuang, Jishou, Guzhang, Luxi and other counties, Miao costumes still have their own characteristics.

Miao men's clothing is relatively simple; I wear a cloth handkerchief on my head, a double-breasted coat, long sleeves and small sleeves, short pants and big pants, and I like to wrap my blue feet. There are two kinds of head handkerchief: green handkerchief and flower handkerchief. Handkerchiefs are more than a foot long, as many as three feet. Wrapped up, it is mostly cross-shaped and as big as a hat. The colors of clothes are plaid, full blue, full blue and so on. Among them, plaid cloth is the most distinctive. There are usually seven buttons. Some young people wear as many as seven clothes, which makes people envy their wealth and boldness. Only the bottom pair of buttons are buckled on the outermost garment, and the bottom two pairs are buckled on the second garment ... and so on until the innermost seven pairs of buttons are buckled. So you can see layers of new clothes from the outside, which is not interesting.

Contrary to the simple costumes of Miao men, the costumes of Miao women are very delicate and complicated.

Toupa: Toupa of Miao women varies from place to place. Miao women in Fenghuang County have a short handkerchief more than three feet long. From the forehead to the back of the head, even the ears are wrapped inside. Miao women in Huayuan and other counties like to use black handkerchiefs (wearing white handkerchief to prevent their parents from dying), which are neatly folded, neatly wrapped, unbiased and oblique, and tied at the end just right. Miao women in Jishou county have mixed hair, while flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Fenghuang county and black flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Huayuan county. Miao women in Luxi, Guzhang and eastern Jishou wear white headscarves. The handkerchief is embroidered with four pairs of cyan Hua Die, which is simple, beautiful and unique. The so-called "four-corner, four-corner embroidered moth" refers to this kind of white handkerchief.

Jewelry: Miao women's jewelry, exquisite shape, a wide range. According to the raw materials, there are gold ornaments, silver ornaments, copper ornaments, aluminum ornaments and jade ornaments. And silver ornaments are the most common. From the wearing parts: silver hat, silver basin, rockhopper, Sushan earrings, collars, bracelets, rings, toothpicks, belt buckles, etc. And bracelets and rings must be worn often. From the modeling point of view, there is only one kind of earrings, including melon seeds hanging earrings, pomegranate earrings, plum blossom needle earrings, circle earrings, faucet earrings, plum blossom hanging melon seeds hanging earrings, rake earrings, faucet melon seeds hanging earrings and so on.

Clothes and others: Miao women's clothes, long waist, big sleeves and short sleeves, no collar. The cuffs are about a foot or longer. On the chest and cuffs, it is customary to roll, embroider or wear yarn, and add railing petals. Some also need to embroider cloud-digging hooks on the front and back edges of the fork and swing. Clothing styles are full-breasted, without double-breasted. It takes dozens of working days to make a set of Miao women's underwear, which is beautifully made through sewing and embroidery. The pants are shorter and the legs are bigger. The number of piping, embroidery or yarn on the edge of trousers is the same as that of clothes. The dress is long and wide, with embroidered lines covered with waste edges, rolling railings and large and small petals, which are colorful and dazzling. The shoes are full of embroidery, with a big head and a big mouth, and the back is wearing ears.

After liberation, in some areas where Miao and Han people lived together, Miao costumes were greatly influenced by Han people, and some young people also changed into Hanfu.

Second, festivals and celebrations

There are many festivals and large-scale activities for Miao people in Xiangxi. Among them, the most representative are:

1. Catch up with last year. On the first month of the lunar calendar, the Miao people in Xiangxi are most keen to catch up with the New Year's Fair, and the date is decided by each place. On that day, men, women and children, dressed in festive costumes, invited each other and chased them in droves. The annual market is full of people, bustling and lively. People can not only exchange materials, but also participate in or watch activities such as swinging, lion dancing, playing with dragon lanterns and climbing ladders. Young men and women also make more use of this opportunity to find lovers and have sex. What's more, the singers show their abilities, and walk in twos and threes, saying the ancient and modern, singing together, or congratulating each other, or telling traditional stories, or improvising new words. The more people sing, the higher their interest, and the more people listen, the more energetic they are. Even if it is snowing heavily and freezing, the annual trade fair will be held as scheduled.

2. March 3rd. This is Xiangxi Miao nationality >>

The national customs and religious customs of Miao nationality used to believe in animism, worship nature and worship ancestors. Tibetan calendar festival is the biggest sacrifice activity of Miao nationality. Generally, a small sacrifice lasts for seven years and a big sacrifice lasts for thirteen years. It will be held on the first day of October to November of the lunar calendar, when a roe deer cow will be killed and a Lusheng dance will be performed to sacrifice its ancestors. Invite friends and relatives to get together during meals to enhance feelings and family harmony.

The main beliefs of Miao nationality are primitive religious forms such as nature worship, totem worship and ancestor worship. Traditional Miao society is superstitious about ghosts and gods, and witchcraft prevails. Some Miao people also believe in Christianity and Catholicism. Miao people mainly use the eastern dialect, and believe in Buddhism and Taoism. The Miao language is called Bad deib zhal (Badai Zhou).

eating habits

In most areas, Miao people have three meals a day, and rice is the staple food. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious. Most meat comes from livestock and poultry farming. Miao people in Sichuan and Yunnan all like to eat dog meat, and there is a saying that "Miao's dog is Yi's wine". In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Pepper is the main condiment, and in some areas there is even a saying that it is inseparable from pepper. There are many kinds of Miao vegetables. Common vegetables are beans, melons, greens and radishes. Most Miao people are good at making bean products. Miao people everywhere generally like to eat sauerkraut, and sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is rice soup or tofu water, fermented in a crock for 3-5 days, and then used to cook fish and vegetables. The food preservation of Miao people generally adopts pickling method, and vegetables, chickens, ducks and fish like to be pickled into sour taste. Almost every Miao family has a jar for curing food, which is collectively called a sour jar. Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage. Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Sour soup is also a common drink. Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on.

Clover tea

Miao people in Chengbu County, Hunan Province will make a kind of "tea essence"-trilobite tea, which is similar to tea but not tea. According to "Compendium of Materia Medica" written by Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, "This tea is put in a cage, and moths also regard it as excrement." It shows that trilobite tea first appeared in the early Ming Dynasty. Qing Guangxu's "Chengbu Local Records" contains: "There are eight kinds of tea, which can be used slightly. There are also coarse teas, which are put in old cages. After a year or two, tea becomes a worm, and the rest is called insect tea. The collection is long-lasting, which can greatly reduce phlegm and smooth qi. " As a tribute, Chengbu trilobite tea lasted 170 years before and after entering Beijing.

Clothing characteristics

There are more than 200 kinds of Miao costumes in Qiandongnan Prefecture, which is the most diverse and well-preserved area in China and even in the world, and is called "Miao Costume Museum". On the whole, Miao costumes have maintained the traditional weaving, embroidery, picking and dyeing techniques in China. While using one main technique, they often use other techniques, either picking embroidery, dyeing embroidery or ribbon embroidery, thus making these costumes colorful and showing distinctive national artistic characteristics. From the content point of view, clothing patterns are mostly based on various life images in daily life, which plays an important role in expressing meaning, identifying nationalities, branches and languages. These video records are called "epic worn on the body" by experts and scholars. From the modeling point of view, China's traditional line drawing or approximate line drawing modeling technique with single line as the outline of the pattern is adopted. From the perspective of production techniques, the five forms of weaving, sewing, splicing and cutting in the history of costume development are all examples in Qiandongnan Miao costumes, with distinct historical levels, which can be called the exhibition hall of costume production history. From the color point of view, they are good at choosing all kinds of contrasting colors, and strive to pursue the richness of colors, generally red, black, white, yellow and blue. From the composition point of view, it does not emphasize the prominent theme, but only pays attention to the requirements of the overall sense of clothing. Formally, it can be divided into formal clothes and casual clothes. Dress-up is a kind of costume used for holiday etiquette and wedding. It is complex and gorgeous, which reflects the artistic level of Miao costumes. Casual clothes, the style is quieter and simpler than formal clothes, with less materials and less labor, suitable for daily wear. Besides formal and casual clothes, Miao costumes are different in age and region.

Miao architecture

Due to the unique migration history, the Miao people have formed their own unique architectural style in the selection of building materials and housing construction. Miao people like wooden buildings, which are generally three-story buildings. The first floor is generally to solve the problem of uneven slope, so it is generally ... > >

What are the customs of Miao nationality? What are the traditional cultures of Miao nationality? Miao folk customs:

Miao people are mainly distributed in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Damiao Mountain in Guangxi, Hainan Island and the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces, with a population of 970,000. Miao nationality has a long history. In China's ancient books, there are records of Miao ancestors more than 5,000 years ago. This is a clan and tribe called Naman from the Yellow River valley to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Miao people have no written language, and Miao language belongs to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Miao people live on high mountains, mainly in agriculture, and the crops are upland rice. Bags, buckwheat seeds, potatoes, beans, and cash crops are hemp, which are generally grown and spun by themselves. Miao people are rich in folk oral literature, such as ancient songs, poems and love songs. Miao people are also good at dancing, and Lusheng dance is the most popular.

Miao nationality has its own language, which is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. After 1956, the Latin alphabet writing scheme was designed. Due to the long-term contact between Miao and Han, a large number of Miao people are fluent in and use Chinese.

Agriculture is dominant in Miao areas, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and jewelry making are magnificent and colorful, and they are well-known at home and abroad. Among them, the batik process of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years. There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be compared with the costumes of any nation in the world. Miao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well, especially love songs and wine songs. Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of Miao nationality.

Miao custom

Miao people attach great importance to etiquette. When guests visit, they will kill chickens and ducks to entertain guests. If you are a distinguished guest from afar, the Miao people are used to inviting guests to drink croissant first. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be given to the older guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing chicken hearts, that is, the oldest owner in the family gives chicken hearts or duck hearts to the guests with chopsticks, and the guests can't eat them themselves, so they must divide the chicken hearts equally among the old people present. If the guest drinks less and doesn't like fat meat, it can explain the situation. If the host is not reluctant, but dissatisfied with eating and drinking, it is considered to look down on the host.

Miao people pay attention to truth and sincerity, and are very enthusiastic. Most of them avoid glitz and hypocrisy. Host Lu Yu guests don't take the first step, don't walk in front; Use honorifics in conversation; Welcome guests to wear holiday clothes; For distinguished guests, wine is welcome outside the village; When the guest arrives at the door, the host will call the door and inform the hostess at home that she will sing and open the door to welcome the guests; In front of the guests, the hostess does not climb upstairs; At the banquet, chickens and ducks are the most precious delicacies, especially the heart and liver. It should be given to the guests or the elderly first, and then the guests will share it with you. The order is first long and then small. Guests should not call the host "Miao Zi"; They prefer to call themselves "Meng".

Miao nationality-festival

Stepping on Huashan Mountain is a grand traditional festival of Miao people in China, which is usually held on the first, third and sixth day of the first lunar month. In all counties where Miao people live, flower poles will be erected these days and a grand stepping on Huashan Mountain will be held. This is not only a good opportunity for young Miao men and women to fall in love, but also an important place for Miao people to carry out cultural and recreational activities. Miao people, old and young, dressed in gold and silver, rushed to the foot of the flower pole from all directions, playing reeds, playing tricks, bullfighting, wrestling, playing thrush and climbing the flower pole.

Back-pounding Festival is very popular in some areas of Funing County. It is held from the third day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year. This is a festival for young Miao men and women. During the festival, young men and women gather on the scenic hillside. When the back-beating began, men flocked out and rushed to the girl they chose, with one hand around the girl's neck, the other hand covering her eyes, and other boys hitting her on the back. Not to be outdone, the girl struggled with a smile. When you break free, catch that young man and deal with him as he deals with you. Throughout the venue, men chased women and jumped around. Tired of playing, men and women find a place to make local calls (that is, two bamboo tubes with a long line in the middle, each of which can hear the voice of talking and singing), pour out sweet words to each other and form a partner. After you fall in love, tell your parents to get married on an auspicious day.

Miao nationality-marriage customs

Miao nationality is monogamous, and young men and women have traditional social activities before marriage. For example, "meeting girls" is the way for Miao youth to fall in love freely. The traditional festival of Miao nationality is the annual Huashan Festival (held on the fifth day of the first lunar month, also known as stepping on Huashan Mountain), which is the most prosperous festival for Miao people. During the festival, young men and women dressed in festive costumes get together to sing and perform drum treading, lion dancing and lusheng, which is very lively.

Glutinous rice is also an essential food for young men and women to fall in love and get married. Miao people in Chengbu, Hunan put ...

What are the festival customs of Miao nationality? Miao nationality is a nation with rich national culture. You can experience different folk customs in Miao areas, which are mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces. There are mainly these festivals of Miao nationality.

New year festival

Spring Festival is the "Spring Festival" of Miao people, also called "Hakka Year". During the Chinese New Year, every family kills pigs and sheep and bakes wine to celebrate the harvest. I hope the weather will be fine and the crops will be bumper in the coming year. According to the custom, Miao people express their wishes and hopes for the New Year by singing duets. Early in the morning, compatriots of all ethnic groups from five townships and four towns in the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan and Chongqing rushed from all directions to the foot of Tianxingpo at the junction of the three provinces and cities to express their joy in welcoming the New Year with songs. I also want to sing Song of Spring. The lyrics mean longing for spring, longing for spring, cherishing spring, embracing spring and so on.

April 8(th)

Miao traditional festival, it is said that this festival began in the Ming Dynasty. In the thick lake on the eighth day of April, Miao people gathered around the fountain in Guiyang, dressed in costumes, and blowing sheng played the flute to commemorate and pay tribute to the legendary ancient hero Yanu with songs.

In addition, April 8 is also a festival of Buyi people, some people call it "Ox King Festival", others call it "Shepherd Festival" or "Seedling Opening Festival". On this day, people and cows will eat "Niuwangba" or glutinous rice and take a day off to show their comfort to cows.

Hiking Huashan Festival

Walking on Huashan Mountain is a traditional Miao festival. Miao people in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces are popular in the first month, February or April and May of the lunar calendar, which stems from the courtship activities of young men and women. During the festival, young men and women sing, dance lusheng and courtship; Old farmers came to Huatian to exchange production experience, teach production technology and wish crops a bumper harvest. Miao people living in mountainous areas will also fight bullfights during festivals. The Miao people in Pingbian County also held competitions such as lion jumping and flower pole climbing.

Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival is a Miao festival popular in Xiangxi, Qiandongnan Shidong and Songtao. Most festivals are held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. In addition to dragon boat racing, there are horse racing, bullfighting, drumming and other activities.

Sister day

In Camus Village near Qingshui River in eastern Guizhou, the "Sister Festival" of Miao families is held from March 15 to 18 every year. During festivals, Miao people traditionally eat "sister meals". This kind of rice is steamed by dyeing glutinous rice with colorful flowers and leaves collected by girls on the mountain. There are also lively bullfighting scenes and "tourism" activities in the festival.

What are the customs of Miao nationality? Mainly living in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Damiaoshan, Hainan Island and the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. In China's ancient books, there are records of Miao ancestors as early as 5,000 years ago, which are clans and tribes called Naman from the Yellow River valley to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

Miao nationality has its own language, which is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. After 1956, the Latin alphabet writing scheme was designed. Due to the long-term contact between Miao and Han, a large number of Miao people are fluent in and use Chinese.

Agriculture is dominant in Miao areas, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and handcraft are magnificent and colorful, and they are well-known at home and abroad. Among them, the batik process of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years.

There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be compared with the costumes of any nation in the world. Miao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well, especially love songs and wine songs. Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of Miao nationality.

custom

Miao people attach great importance to etiquette. When guests visit, they will kill chickens and ducks to entertain guests. If you are a distinguished guest from afar, the Miao people are used to inviting guests to drink croissant first. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be given to the older guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing chicken hearts, that is, the oldest owner in the family gives chicken hearts or duck hearts to the guests with chopsticks, and the guests can't eat them themselves, so they must divide the chicken hearts equally among the old people present. If the guest drinks less and doesn't like fat meat, it can explain the situation. If the host is not reluctant, but dissatisfied with eating and drinking, it is considered to look down on the host.

marriage customs

Glutinous rice is also an essential food for young men and women to fall in love and get married. Miao people in Chengbu, Hunan Province gave each other glutinous rice cakes painted with mandarin ducks as souvenirs. When the wedding is held, the bride and groom will raise their glasses to propose a toast, and the person in charge of the wedding will also invite the bride and groom to eat glutinous rice cakes painted with dragons, phoenixes and dolls.

Dietary customs

In most areas, Miao people have three meals a day, and rice is the staple food. Dry the rice first, pour it into the gravy, remove the rice bran, and eat it now, weighing 3-5 kg each time. Now many places have used electricity and water to grind rice.

Fried Baba is the most common fried food. Deep-fried Baba is made by soaking glutinous rice and a small amount of soybeans, beating them into slurry, then scooping the beaten thick slurry into a mold made of iron sheet and frying them in boiling oil to get golden yellow. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious.

Most meat comes from livestock and poultry farming. Miao people in Sichuan and Yunnan all like to eat dog meat, and there is a saying that "Miao's dog is Yi's wine". Dog meat is hot, which has the functions of warming stomach, strengthening stomach and nourishing food. In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Pepper is the main condiment, and in some areas there is even a saying that it is inseparable from pepper.

There are many kinds of Miao vegetables. Common vegetables are beans, melons, greens and radishes. Most Miao people are good at making bean products. Miao people living in high mountain areas like to cook vegetables into mussels with white water. Sichuan Miao people also make soybean milk into tofu pudding to entertain guests.

Miao people everywhere generally like to eat sauerkraut, and sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is rice soup or tofu water, fermented in a crock for 3-5 days, and then used to cook fish and vegetables. In summer in southeastern Guizhou, when guests enter the door, the host always sends sour soup first, and then drinks it to quench their thirst.

The food preservation of Miao people generally adopts pickling method, and vegetables, chickens, ducks and fish like to be pickled into sour taste. Almost every Miao family has a jar for curing food, which is collectively called a sour jar.

Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage. Sucking wine is unique. When drinking, the bamboo tube is inserted into the urn, and the drinker forms a circle along the urn. The elders drink first, and then go from left to right. After the wine juice is sucked, it can be washed into drinking water until it is tasteless. Once the altar is opened, the remaining wine, whether strong or weak, will not be used again.

Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Besides tea, sour soup is also a common drink.

Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on.

Holidays and festivals

Miao people used to believe in animism, worship nature and worship their ancestors. There are many festivals, besides traditional festivals and sacrificial festivals, there are also special festivals related to eating. Such as: duck festival, new year festival, fish killing festival, tea picking festival, etc. Besides preparing wine and meat, seasonal food is also essential for festivals.

Miao Nian Miao Nian usually starts from the first day of the first month and lasts for three, five or fifteen days. Year >>

Miao people's living customs

It is forbidden for outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry loads and enter the stockade unkempt; When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk gently inside. You can't sit above or across the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold; Can't move the tripod of the fireplace, can't push the fire; Don't whistle and cut your nails at home; Don't use clothes as pillows, and don't sit on pillows; When hanging clothes, the coat should be hung at a high place, and the pants and skirts should be hung at a low place; Take off your shoes when entering the Buddhist temple, and avoid touching the head, Buddha statue, spear, banner and other Buddhist sacred objects of the young monk.

The customs and characteristics of Miao nationality are mainly agriculture, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and jewelry making are magnificent and colorful, and they are well-known at home and abroad. Among them, the batik process of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years. There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be compared with the costumes of any nation in the world. Miao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well, especially love songs and wine songs. Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of Miao nationality.

Miao nationality has its own language, which is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. After 1956, the Latin alphabet writing scheme was designed. Due to the long-term contact between Miao and Han, a large number of Miao people are fluent in and use Chinese.

Miao people pay attention to truth and sincerity, and are very enthusiastic. Most of them avoid glitz and hypocrisy. Host Lu Yu guests don't take the first step, don't walk in front; Use honorifics in conversation; Welcome guests to wear holiday clothes; For distinguished guests, wine is welcome outside the village; When the guest arrives at the door, the host will call the door and inform the hostess at home that she will sing and open the door to welcome the guests; In front of the guests, the hostess does not climb upstairs; At the banquet, chickens and ducks are the most precious delicacies, especially the heart and liver. It should be given to the guests or the elderly first, and then the guests will share it with you. The order is first long and then small. Guests should not call the host "Miao Zi"; They prefer to call themselves "Meng".

Miao people attach great importance to etiquette. When guests visit, they will kill chickens and ducks to entertain guests. If you are a distinguished guest from afar, the Miao people are used to inviting guests to drink croissant first. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be given to the older guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing chicken hearts, that is, the oldest owner in the family gives chicken hearts or duck hearts to the guests with chopsticks, and the guests can't eat them themselves, so they must divide the chicken hearts equally among the old people present. If the guest drinks less and doesn't like fat meat, it can explain the situation. If the host is not reluctant, but dissatisfied with eating and drinking, it is considered to look down on the host.

Stepping on Huashan Mountain is a grand traditional festival of Miao people in China, which is usually held on the first, third and sixth day of the first lunar month. In all counties where Miao people live, flower poles will be erected these days and a grand stepping on Huashan Mountain will be held. This is not only a good opportunity for young Miao men and women to fall in love, but also an important place for Miao people to carry out cultural and recreational activities. Miao people, old and young, dressed in gold and silver, rushed to the foot of the flower pole from all directions, playing reeds, playing tricks, bullfighting, wrestling, playing thrush and climbing the flower pole.

It is the nature of Miao girls to like to wear silver ornaments. They tied a bun on their heads, about 20 cm high, and made a beautiful silver corolla. There are six jagged silver wings inserted in front of the corolla, most of which are the patterns of two dragons playing with beads. In some areas, in addition to silver pieces, silver horns with a height of about 1 m are inserted into the silver crown, and the tips of the horns float in color, which makes them more noble and rich. There is a silver ribbon at the lower edge of the silver crown, and a row of small silver pendants hang down. The silver collar worn around the neck has several layers, mostly made of silver pieces and small silver rings. Wearing a silver lock and a silver collar on his chest, wearing a silver cloak on his chest and back, and hanging many small silver bells. Earrings and bracelets are all made of silver. Only the two sleeves are embroidered with lux as the main tone, but the cuffs are also inlaid with a wide circle of silver ornaments. The costumes of Miao girls often weigh several kilograms, and some have been accumulated and passed down by generations. Known as "a fairy dressed in strange clothes and wrapped in white." The craftsmanship of Miao silver ornaments is gorgeous, exquisite and ingenious, which fully shows the wisdom and talent of Miao people. Miao costumes are not exactly the same everywhere. Men usually wear cloth shorts, but Miao women generally pay attention to clothing, especially clothing, which is extremely exquisite and has many flowers. Some skirts have more than 40 layers, hence the name "pleated skirt". The patterns embroidered on the dress are antique and colorful. Women are good at weaving, embroidery and batik, with exquisite craftsmanship.

Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage. Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Sour soup is also a common drink.