Writing skills of Mongolian classical Chinese

1. What are China's classical Chinese answering skills and routines? They are divided into two parts:

The first part: classical Chinese reading. Formula: Try to understand, but don't ask for an answer.

(1) Look at the last topic first to understand the general content and main events. (unless this question requires "choose the right one")

(2) Then take "Who?" "When and where to do what?" "What was the result?" "Why?" Read the article silently, read it carefully, layer the article according to the "events" and sort out the ideas of the article.

Don't worry when you encounter words you really don't understand, you must use them at the same time? Or other marks to remind yourself to read the following text first, maybe you can understand it naturally after contacting the context, or you can find the answer in the topic.

Part II: How to answer questions.

1. Interpretation of notional words in classical Chinese: This question often examines knowledge points such as polysemous notional words, ancient and modern synonyms, loanwords, biased words and flexible use of parts of speech. Answering skills: the comprehension of real words is not entirely about whether you remember the meaning of real words, but more importantly, whether you can use the context to speculate.

Master the common methods of understanding and inferring the meaning of notional words in the text;

The first type: discrimination of part of speech from the perspective of grammatical collocation.

Second, infer the meaning of words from the perspective of semantic collocation.

The third kind: Inferring the meaning of words from the perspective of context suggestion.

Fourth, infer the meaning of words from the perspective of the formation of glyphs.

Fifth, judge the meaning of words from the perspective of flexible use of parts of speech (ancient and modern different meanings)

Sixth, infer the meaning of a sentence from the perspective of symmetry of sentence structure.

Seventh, infer the meaning of words from the perspectives of pronunciation, font and reality.

Second, the content is summarized. Find out the sentences corresponding to the options in the paragraph and explain them one by one. Errors in the description or analysis of options are only at one point, mainly:

(1) Individual real (empty) words are intentionally translated incorrectly;

(2) the deeds of the characters are crowned with glory;

(3) The time and place of the incident were misplaced;

(4) Improper representation of characters;

5] out of nothing, out of nothing;

(6) imposing causality.

Third, the translation of classical Chinese. Methods: Do a good job of "modification, retention, deletion, supplement and adjustment". Be sure to translate it literally, not casually, and be faithful to the original.

Score point:

1. Correct translation of word meaning: notional words (including flexible use of parts of speech, vague meaning, rhetorical sentences), function words and fixed structures.

2. Correct translation of sentence patterns (passive sentences, judgmental sentences, ellipsis sentences, inverted sentences).

3. Accurately translate the mood of sentences (stating questions and lamenting imperative mood) and the relationship between sentences (juxtaposing and turning causal and other complex sentences).

2. classical Chinese answering skills 1: carefully analyze the questions.

Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese after class will lead to problems. Pay attention to and carefully analyze the paragraph headings. Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese. Understanding the topic can help students understand the content of the material, thus helping them answer questions.

2. Read the full text quickly with notes.

When reading a passage in classical Chinese, some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help candidates to accurately understand the main content of classical Chinese. Therefore, candidates should never ignore these notes, but should read the full text quickly with them. In addition, it should be noted that in the process of reading the full text, candidates should not stop and think hard when they encounter "obstacles", but should continue reading. In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article.

Step 3 browse the topic quickly

The extracurricular reading questions of classical Chinese have a characteristic: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text, while others suggest the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing topics helps candidates to get a preliminary understanding of the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving an extracurricular reading essay in classical Chinese, you should quickly browse the topics after the essay.

4. Answer questions with "the right medicine"

There are three types of reading problems in extracurricular classical Chinese, namely, word interpretation, sentence translation and content understanding. Different problems are solved in different ways:

1, word explanation question. This is a typical topic of "the question is outside the classroom, and the answer is in the classroom". Most of these topics examine the phenomenon of polysemy of notional words in classical Chinese, and the classroom is basically learning classical Chinese. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the real words in the classical Chinese we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer.

2. Sentence translation questions. Translated sentences should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation). Second, some special sentence patterns in classical Chinese (such as verb inversion, prepositional object and adverbial postposition). ) is different from that in modern Chinese, so we should make appropriate adjustments in translation.

3. Content comprehension questions. There are three ways to solve this kind of problem: one is to quote the original sentence to answer; Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer; Third, organize written answers in your own words. Among the three methods, the accuracy of the first and second methods is generally higher.

5. Open understanding of problem-solving methods.

(1) The first problem-solving method-talk about the evaluation, viewpoint or opinion of the characters in the text. When solving problems, we should first read the article to find out what kind of person this character is, what is the author's basic attitude towards him, whether it is affirmation or negation, appreciation or criticism.

(2) The second problem-solving method-talk about the enlightenment or harvest after reading it in combination with yourself or reality. The key point of the senior high school entrance examination is to examine the enlightenment or harvest of the outlook on life, world outlook, good moral character and some spirit obtained from the works.

Read the original text to see what kind of outlook on life, world view, quality and spirit the article praises or promotes.

(2) to judge whether these things are worth promoting in today's society and how to correct or resist them.

3. Skills and methods of reading classical Chinese in college entrance examination.

Answering skills of classical Chinese reading questions

Classical Chinese reading questions have been very stable, and there have been no major accidents in exams over the years. Generally speaking, topics are also set in four directions: content words, function words, personality expression and content induction. Score 12, generally set 3-4 questions.

Generally speaking, the last topic is evaluated from the perspective of the full text, so you should read the last topic first and have a general understanding of the article. Then, read the original text carefully and make a preliminary understanding with your own sense of language. In this process, words must be combined with the topic to understand. Step 3, enter the practical problem-solving link:

1, the problem of content words in classical Chinese. It is necessary to analyze the form and meaning of the content words examined. Infer common words from the same pronunciation, connect with the context, deduce the meaning, and then bring the meaning given in the option into the original text. If you find that the language is fluent and reasonable, it means that the explanation is correct and there is no objection. Generally speaking, the definition of notional words that have never been heard is often correct, which is the interference of topic setting.

2. Function words in classical Chinese. Students must have practiced a lot of function words when preparing for the exam. When doing this topic, you must first determine the meaning of this word in other sentences you have encountered, and put this meaning in the sentences in the test questions for verification. If it makes sense, it should be correct.

3, personality performance questions. The first thing to find out is the option that can't express the required characters in the stem, and the interference option is excluded first. When doing this problem, the problem that often appears is arrogance. It is necessary to impose other people's personality or irrelevant personality on the protagonist and try to avoid such mistakes as much as possible.

4. Content induction questions. First, find out the options in the text to explain the corresponding sentences, and then read them carefully to accurately grasp the original meaning. It should be noted that the mistakes in the wrong question options are often very detailed, and they are mainly analyzed from the perspectives of reverse order, making things out of nothing, and confusing people's stories.

First, to judge whether the added words are correct, which words should I focus on in the translation of complex notional words in ancient Chinese, and how to train myself to answer such questions.

Several methods are used: exclusion and substitution (substituting the explanation given after it into the original text to see if the sentence is correct, and if it is incorrect, it is wrong) and reasoning (pushing with glyphs-that is, looking at the meaning revealed by the writing structure of the word, pushing with grammar-that is, analyzing the sentence components that the word acts as to get its part of speech, and pushing with context-that is, understanding the meaning of the word in combination with the contextual meaning of the text).

Second: add some words with the same meaning and usage. In this question, I should focus on which words to compare and analyze.

First, master the meaning and usage of 120 notional words 18 function words that are often tested in the college entrance examination.

4. Classical Chinese summarizes the problem-solving skills of analytical problems. Step 1: Translate word for word. Step 2: What inverted sentences are there? Change the position. Step 3: omit something, such as omitting the subject and object. Step 4: Then I feel strange, so I write better. For example, I translated a sentence, and he said, xxxxxx can be changed to, and he said, xxxxxx is just an example, and then classical Chinese translation has eight 9 steps. Just remember these four steps first, and you'll be fine. In the third grade, the teacher will systematically talk about these four steps, which are basically the three requirements of perfect score in classical Chinese. If you believe it, don't mispronounce it, but express your meaning, so you should omit it and make up for it. That's the fourth step I said, and then read more books and do more problems. I can write classical Chinese.

5. What are the answering skills of classical Chinese in junior high school? The study of classical Chinese should be "easy" in terms of "difficulty".

Usually examine the following aspects:

1. Can correctly understand the meaning of words in classical Chinese.

2. Be able to correctly translate classical Chinese sentences into modern Chinese.

3. Be able to understand and summarize the main contents of the article.

4. Be able to grasp the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the article and improve the taste of appreciation.

Just recite the in-class part in a targeted way.

Extracurricular problem solving methods are as follows:

Four steps to solve the problem of reading classical Chinese after class;

Reading classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination is bound to get extra-curricular language materials. What should I do if I have never read a paragraph or an article and have no reference books to look up? Many students feel helpless when answering such questions. According to teaching practice, four steps of solving problems are summarized for students' reference only.

Step one:

Quickly browse the topic

The extracurricular reading questions of classical Chinese have a characteristic: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text, while others suggest the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing the topics helps students to understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving the extracurricular classical Chinese reading essay, we should first quickly browse the topics after the essay.

Step two:

Analyze the topic carefully

Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese after class will lead to problems. Students should pay attention to and carefully analyze paragraph titles. Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese. For example, in an exam, I took an extracurricular reading essay in classical Chinese. The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph, and we can know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, a careful analysis of the title of a paragraph can help us quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese.

Step 3:

Read the full text quickly with comments

When reading a passage of classical Chinese after class, some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately. Therefore, students should not ignore these notes, but should use them to read the full text quickly. In addition, it should be noted that in the process of reading the full text, students should not stop and think hard when they encounter "obstacles", but should continue reading. In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article.

Step 4:

Answer the question with "the right medicine"

There are three types of reading problems in extracurricular classical Chinese, namely, word interpretation, sentence translation and content understanding. Different problems are solved in different ways:

(1) Word explanation questions. Most of these topics examine the phenomenon of polysemy of notional words in classical Chinese, which are basically learned by students in classical Chinese in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese that we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer.

(2) Sentence translation questions. Translated sentences should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation). When translating sentences, we should pay attention to the following problems: first, proper nouns such as year number, person name, place name, official name, object name, book title and country name should be kept as they are, and no translation is needed. For example: "In the spring of four years (year number), Teng (name) was ordered to guard Baling County (place name)". In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted to Baling County Order. Second, words that have no practical meaning in the sentence should be deleted. For example, "Chen Shengshen is from Yangcheng" and "this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... ) is different from that in modern Chinese, so we should make appropriate adjustments in translation. For example, "Sorry, you don't like it!" "Your mental deficiency is too serious. Fourthly, if the translated sentence is ellipsis, the omitted elements should be supplemented. For example: "Uncle Naidan said' Chen' (ellipsis)." They wrote the word "Chen" on the silk with vermilion.

(3) Content comprehension questions. There are three ways to solve this kind of problem: one is to quote the original sentence to answer; Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer; Third, organize written answers in your own words. Among the three methods, the accuracy of the first and second methods is generally higher.