Who can tell me the detailed process of the causes and consequences of the Anshi Rebellion?

The causes and consequences of the Anshi Rebellion

In the 14th year of Emperor Xuanzong’s Tianbao reign (755), An Lushan, who served as the Jiedushi of Fanyang, Pinglu and Hedong towns, and his general Shi Siming rebelled. In the Tang Dynasty, it was not pacified until the first year of Emperor Guangde's reign (763), and was known as the "Anshi Rebellion" in history.

1. Causes of the Anshi Rebellion

The Anshi Rebellion has its profound social and historical reasons:

1. During the Tianbao period, the ruling group was dissolute and decadent. Tang Xuanzong was very mediocre. He doted on Concubine Yang and was extravagant; his political affairs were entrusted to the disciples of Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong, and Gao Lishi, who were notorious for their treachery; Yang Guifei was favored, Li Linfu and others took over the government affairs, and the officialdom was corrupted; Yang Guozhong and others "expanded the border" to achieve great success, and the national power was depleted. In addition, bureaucratic landlords competed to annex land, which led to the aggravation of class conflicts, weakened the ruling power, and gave opportunities for rebels to take advantage of.

2. After the destruction of the government military system, the trend of "focusing on the outside and undervaluing the inside" has become established. At the time of Kai and Tian, ??the system of government soldiers was destroyed, and the system of recruiting soldiers gradually emerged. The system of recruiting soldiers gradually replaced the system of government soldiers. Those who guarded the capital were called "Changcong Suwei" (later called "Weiqi"); those who guarded the border were called "Jian'er" or "Long March Jian'er". In order to defend the border and "expand the border", the "Nine-Jiedu" troops were increased to 490,000, which was several times more than the "Weiqi". In this way, the trend of "emphasis on the outside and light on the inside" was established, creating conditions for ambitious frontier generals to fight against the central government of Tang Dynasty.

3. An Lushan, the governor of Fan Yang, Pinglu, and Henan, led the most troops, was the strongest, and had great ambitions. He entered Chang'an several times and witnessed the political corruption of the central government of the Tang Dynasty and the lack of military strength in the interior, so he planned to cause chaos and seize the world. So after preparations were made, he launched a rebellion in the name of killing Yang Guozhong.

2. The history of the Anshi Rebellion

In the winter of 755, An Lushan led an army of 150,000 soldiers to rebel southward, and fell into Luoyang with overwhelming momentum. In 756, An Lushan was proclaimed Emperor of Dayan in Luoyang; Shi Siming occupied thirteen counties in Hebei. In June, Chang'an, the capital of Tang Dynasty, was captured. Xuanzong fled to Shu, and Suzong succeeded to the throne.

In 757, An Lushan was killed by his son An Qingxu, and the Anshi Group split. Guo Ziyi and others regained Chang'an and Luoyang. In 759, An Qingxu was killed by Shi Siming. Shi Siming proclaimed himself Emperor of Yan and fell into Luoyang again.

In 761, Shi Siming defeated Li Guangbi and invaded Chang'an from the west. He was killed by his son Shi Chaoyi on the way, and the rebel army was greatly weakened. In 763, Li Shi, Fu Guohuaien and others regained the lost territory, and Shi Chaoyi committed suicide in poverty. The eight-year-old "Anshi Rebellion" ended.

3. The impact of the Anshi Rebellion

The "Anshi Rebellion" lasted for eight years and had a profound impact:

1. It caused the majority of people, especially those in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, to The people suffered an unprecedented catastrophe, and the northern economy was severely damaged, with more than three-quarters of the economy lost; the people were impoverished, the land was barren, the water conservancy was in disrepair, and there was a "thousand-mile depression." Since then, the economic center of gravity has gradually shifted southward.

2. It made the Tang Dynasty's border defense empty. In order to suppress the rebellion, the border guards had to be transferred to the interior, and Tubo and other ethnic minorities took advantage of the opportunity to invade. The four towns of Anxi and the Longyou and Hexi Corridors were all lost. From then on, not only was the Tang Dynasty's power in the Western Regions greatly weakened, but even Guanzhong was no longer safe.

3. It broke the unity of the Tang Dynasty. After that, not only did Hebei, Shandong, and Liezhen face each other, but the heartland was also divided into Fangzhen. Centralized power is increasingly weakened, the power of feudal towns continues to expand, wars occur frequently, and people are in ruins.

In short, the Anshi Rebellion was a turning point in the decline of the Tang Dynasty. From then on, the Tang Dynasty gradually declined.