To understand the geographical position of a continent, we should explain it from two aspects: latitude and longitude position and land and sea position. On the characteristics of geographical locatio

To understand the geographical position of a continent, we should explain it from two aspects: latitude and longitude position and land and sea position. On the characteristics of geographical location in Europe Europe is the abbreviation of Europe, located in the northwest of the old hemisphere, bordering the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea in the south. The mainland is east to the polar Urals (66 degrees east longitude 10 minute, 67 degrees 46 minutes north latitude), south to Cape Maroqi (5 degrees 36 minutes west longitude, 36 degrees north latitude), west to Cape Rocca (9 degrees 3 west longitude/Kloc-0 minute, 38 degrees 47 minutes north latitude), and north to Cape Noqin (27 degrees 4 minutes east longitude).

2 points, north latitude 7 1 degree 08 points). In the east, the Ural Mountains, ural river, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, Bosporus Strait, Marmarakhi and Da Daniil Strait divide Asia; South across the Mediterranean and Africa; The Greenland Sea and the Danish Strait separate the Northwest from North America. Area1010.6 thousand square kilometers (including islands), accounting for about 6.8% of the world's total land area, only larger than Oceania, making it the sixth continent in the world.

Resident: Europe is the most densely populated continent. The urban population accounts for about 64% of the population of the whole continent, ranking third among all continents after Oceania and North America. Europe has the densest population distribution in the west, with more than 200 people per square kilometer in the middle of the Rhine River basin, the Paris Basin, eastern Belgium and the lower reaches of the Thames. Most residents in Europe are white (Europa). Residents belong to the following language families: Indo-European, accounting for 95% of the total population of the whole continent, including Slavic, Germanic, Latin, Albanian, Greek and Celtic; Uralic language family, including Finnish, Ugric and Samoyed. Most residents believe in Catholicism, Protestantism and Orthodox Church. The Vatican is located in the northwest corner of Rome, Italy. It is a city within a city and the center of Catholicism in the world.

Natural environment: The European continent is a big peninsula extending from the Eurasian continent to the Atlantic Ocean, accounting for 1/5 of the Eurasian continent. With a coastline of 37,900 kilometers, the mainland is the most tortuous and complicated continent in the world, with the most severe cutting. Many peninsulas, islands, ports and inland seas that go deep into the mainland. The general feature of European topography is that glaciers are widely distributed and mountains converge to the south. Plateau, hills and mountains above 200 meters above sea level account for about 40% of the whole continent, and plains below 200 meters above sea level account for about 60% of the whole continent. The average elevation of the whole continent is 300 meters, the lowest. The Alps across the south are the highest mountains in Europe, with an average elevation of about 3000 meters. The mountains are majestic, many peaks are covered with snow all year round, and glaciers develop in the valleys. The main peak of Mont Blanc is 4807 meters above sea level. The backbone of the Alps extends eastward to the Carpathian Mountains, southeast to the Villepin and Tenera Mountains, south to the Apennines, and southwest to the Pyrenees. There are Urals Mountains at the junction of Europe and Asia in the east. Mount Elbrus, the main peak of the Caucasus Mountains in the southeast, is 5642 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Europe. There are Scandinavian mountains in northern Europe. Plains and hills are mainly distributed in eastern and central Europe, mainly including Eastern Europe Plain (also known as Russian Plain, accounting for about half of the whole continent), Bode Plain (also known as Central Europe Plain) and Western Europe Plain. The lowlands along the northern coast of the Caspian Sea are 28 meters below sea level, which is the lowest point of the whole continent. Iceland in southern and northern Europe has many volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Among the continents in the world, European rivers are evenly distributed, with dense river networks and abundant water, and there are many short and abundant rivers. Most rivers originate in Central Europe and flow into Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Caspian Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea respectively. The longest river in Europe is the Volga River, with a total length of 3,690 kilometers. The Danube is the second longest river, with a total length of 2850 kilometers. Europe is a continent with many small lakes, most of which are formed by glaciation. For example, Finland is known as the "country of thousands of lakes". There are more than 60,000 lakes in China, and the inland water area accounts for more than 9% of the country's total area. There are many large moraine lakes and tectonic lakes in the foothills of Alps, and rivers in mountainous areas mostly flow through lakes. Lake Geneva and other lakes have become famous tourist attractions.

Most of Europe is located in the north temperate zone, with a mild and humid climate. The western Atlantic coast is cool in summer, mild in winter, rainy and foggy, which is a typical maritime temperate broad-leaved forest climate. The east is far from the ocean and belongs to the continental temperate broad-leaved forest climate. The northern part of the eastern European plain belongs to temperate coniferous forest climate. The arctic ocean coast is cold in winter and cool and short in summer, which belongs to the frozen tundra climate. The southern Mediterranean coastal area is warm and rainy in winter and hot and dry in summer, which belongs to the subtropical Mediterranean climate.

Natural resources: Europe is rich in mineral resources, such as coal, oil and iron. Coal is mainly distributed in Donbass, Ukraine, Silesia, Poland, Ruhr and Saar in Germany, Lorraine in France, and northern and central England. These places have world-famous coalfields. Oil is mainly distributed in the foothills of Carpathian Mountains, the North Sea and its coastal areas. Other important products are natural gas, potassium salt, copper, chromium, lignite, lead, zinc, mercury and sulfur. Albania's natural asphalt is world-famous. The forest area in Europe accounts for about 39% of the total area of the whole continent (including Russia). It accounts for 23% of the total area of the world. The west coast is a world-famous fishing ground, mainly including the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea, the Barents Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Bay of Biscay.

Economy: Europe is the continent with the earliest development of capitalist economy, with a high level of industrial production and agricultural mechanization. The gross domestic product ranks first in all continents in the world, and the total industrial output value accounts for a large proportion. Most countries cannot be self-sufficient in food. The countries with high industrial development in Western Europe are mainly Germany, France and Britain, followed by Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The industrial production of Germany, France and Britain are among the highest in the world.

Geographical region: it is divided into five regions: southern Europe, western Europe, central Europe, northern Europe and eastern Europe.

Southern Europe: refers to Balkan Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula and nearby islands south of Alps. It belongs to the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, facing the Atlantic Ocean in the south and east, and facing the Atlantic Ocean in the west. Including Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, part of Turkey, Italy, Vatican, San Marino, Malta, Spain, Andorra and Portugal. Area 1.66 million square kilometers. The three peninsulas in southern Europe are mountainous and the plain area is very small. Located in the volcanic belt along the Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indian Ocean, there are many volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Most areas belong to subtropical Mediterranean climate. Rivers are short, and most of them flow into the Mediterranean Sea. The main minerals are petroleum, natural asphalt, coal, chromium, mercury, lead, zinc and copper. Southern Europe is the origin of cultivated plants such as olives, grapes, fennel and oak. Crops are mainly wheat, corn and tobacco. Rich in citrus, grapes, olives, lemons and cork. The sheep industry is relatively developed, and Spain is the origin of the world-famous fine-wool merino sheep.

Western Europe: In a narrow sense, it refers to the area of Western Europe near the Atlantic Ocean and nearby islands, including Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Monaco. It covers an area of over 930,000 square kilometers. European capitalist countries are often called Western Europe. In a narrow sense, the topography of western Europe is mainly plains and plateaus, and the mountainous area is small. Located in the westerly belt, most areas have a maritime temperate broad-leaved forest climate with abundant, stable and foggy rainfall. Rivers often flow into the Atlantic Ocean. The main minerals are coal, iron, oil, natural gas and potassium salt. Crops are mainly wheat, barley, oats, potatoes and beets. Rich in grapes and apples. Fisheries and animal husbandry are well developed. Belgian and French-made Ahlden horses, Berkshire pigs, Yorkshire pigs, Yorkshire pigs, Irish cattle, thoroughbred horses produced in Britain and Dutch cattle produced in the Netherlands are world-famous.

Central Europe: refers to Central Europe south of the Baltic Sea and north of the Alps. Central Europe includes Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Area 1, 0 1, 000 square kilometers. The south is occupied by the tall Alps and its branch Carpathian Mountains, where there are many subsidence basins. The northern part is plain, influenced by Quaternary glaciation, with many glacial landforms and lakes. It is located in the transition zone from marine temperate broad-leaved forest climate to continental temperate broad-leaved forest climate. Except for the Danube, the second largest river in Europe, which flows eastward through the southern mountainous area and flows into the Black Sea, most rivers flow northward into the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The main minerals are lignite, hard coal, potassium salt, lead, zinc, copper, uranium, magnesite, bauxite and sulfur. Crops are mainly wheat, barley, rye, potato and beet, and temperate fruits are also produced. Animal husbandry is relatively developed, and Switzerland's excellent livestock varieties such as Simmental, Saneng goat and Tugenbao goat are world-famous.

Northern Europe: jutland and Scandinavia. Include Iceland, Faroe Islands (Denmark), Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. Area 1.32 million square kilometers. There are many plateaus, hills and lakes in the territory, which were all covered by glaciers during the Quaternary Glacier Period, so there are many glacial landforms and fjord coasts. Scandinavia covers an area of about 800,000 square kilometers, the Norwegian coast is steep and tortuous, and there are many islands and fjords. Scandinavian mountains run through the peninsula, about 65,438+0,500 km long and 400-500 km wide. The west slope is steep and the east slope is gentle. It is an ancient platform mountain range, and some areas are covered with glaciers. Norway's Park Jung Su Peak is 2470 meters above sea level, which is the highest point on the peninsula. Iceland has many volcanoes and hot springs. Most of northern Europe belongs to temperate coniferous forest climate; Only the Atlantic coast is affected by the North Atlantic warm current, and the climate is mild, belonging to temperate broad-leaved forest climate. This river is short and urgent, and it is rich in water resources. The main minerals are iron, lead, zinc and copper. Forests are widely distributed. Crops are mainly wheat, rye, oats, potatoes and beets. Animal husbandry is relatively developed. Rich in fish, the west coast is one of the three major fishing grounds in the world. The catch accounts for about 9% of the total catch in the world.

Eastern Europe: refers to the eastern part of Europe, and geographically refers to the European part of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and Russia. The terrain is dominated by the Eastern European Plain, with an average elevation of170m. There are Ural Mountains on the eastern edge, hills and glaciers on the plain, many lakes in the north and a large area of grassland and desert in the southeast. The northern coast belongs to the cold tundra climate, which transits to the temperate grassland climate in the south and the temperate desert climate in the southeast. The Volga River, the largest river in Europe, flows southeast into the Caspian Sea. The main minerals are oil, coal, iron, manganese and phosphate. Rich in wheat, potatoes, beets and sunflowers. Animal husbandry is relatively developed, and Soviet Heavy Horse, orlov Small Horse Racing and Dun Hippo are all excellent horse breeds.