Chemical properties of methane, ethylene and benzene

methane is the simplest saturated hydrocarbon or paraffin-based alkane, and it is the least active among alkanes.

although methane is usually inert at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, it will still react under some conditions. By cracking methane-hydrogen (ratio 1:2) in electric arc, almost 51% of methane is converted into acetylene. The oxidation of methane under pressure has been widely studied. At 36℃ and 1 atmospheres, when the ratio of methane to oxygen is 9:1, 17% of methane is converted into methanol, and other products are formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water. Methane and sulfur react at 7-8℃ to produce about 65% hydrogen sulfide and 3% carbon disulfide. Chlorine reacts with methane under the action of diffuse sunlight to obtain all four possible substitution products. Sunlight will explode a mixture of 2 volumes of chlorine and 1 volume of methane. Methane can be thermally chlorinated at high temperature to obtain 75%-8% methyl chloride or 9% carbon tetrachloride. Methane can be nitrated.

the molecular formula of ethylene is C2H4, and the structural formula is CH2=CH2

There are two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms on the same plane, and the bond angle between them is 12 degrees

The chemical properties of ethylene-polymerization

At a proper temperature, pressure and in the presence of a catalyst, one of the double bonds of ethylene will break, and the carbon atoms in the molecule can combine with each other to form a long chain.

the chemical equation of this reaction is represented by the right formula: nch2 = CH2----(catalyst)-[-CH-CH2-]-n

Physical properties of benzene: colorless liquid with special odor, volatile, lighter than water and insoluble in water.

Chemical properties of benzene: it is easy to be substituted, and only carries out addition and oxidation reactions under specific conditions, mainly nitration; Halogenation reaction; Sulfonation reaction

homologues of benzene: oxidation reaction, substitution reaction (toluene and bromine can have substitution reaction, but under different conditions, the substitution position is different, which occurs on benzene ring, that is, the influence of side chain on benzene ring occurs on side chain, that is, the substitution reaction similar to alkane can continue. ) addition reaction

Physical properties of benzene homologues: There are many similarities with benzene in properties, such as the occurrence of flame with thick smoke when burning, and the substitution reaction, etc., which can not make bromine water fade (do not react), but can make bromine water layer fade.