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The Xia Dynasty was the earliest slave country in my country and the beginning of slave society in my country.

1. The rise and fall of the Xia Dynasty

1. The establishment of the Xia Dynasty: Yu --- 2070 BC

Speaking of the Xia Dynasty, we have to Begin with the legend of a great man and his hero. (You can first ask students to talk about which object it is, and talk about the legends about this character that they know. For example, Dayu controlled the floods and passed through the house three times without entering, Dayu opened the dragon gate, etc.)

Yu because His outstanding achievements in flood control not only established prestige among the people, but also won the support of many tribal leaders. According to the practice of the abdication system, when Shun became old, he gave up his position as leader of the tribal alliance to Yu. From then on, Yu continued to expand his power. Around 2070 BC, Yu held a meeting of tribal leaders at Tushan in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River ("Yu united the princes at Tushan, and the one holding the jade and silk fabrics was the leader"). Most of the original tribal leaders were transformed into nobles. This conference marked the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, the first slaveholding dynasty in the history of our country, and Dayu also transformed from the original leader of the tribal alliance into the first king of China's first slaveholding dynasty.

After Dayu became King of Xia, how was his throne passed on? Who did he pass the throne to after his death? After Qi died, who did he pass the throne to? The hereditary system of the throne replaced the abdication system and was passed between father, son and brother. In this way, the "public world" becomes the "family world"

2. The abdication system (Gongtianxia) - the hereditary throne system (Jiatianxia)

3. National institutions:

The Xia Dynasty was the first slave country in Chinese history and the first slave country in China. The earliest state form in history. So, students know, what is a country, and what did the earliest slave country look like? Several important aspects include state institutions, class relations, capitals, ruled areas, and economy.

So how big was the territory of the Xia Dynasty? Where is his capital? What kind of house did the king of the Xia Dynasty live in? Instruct students to turn to page 6 of the atlas to observe the situation map of the Xia Dynasty, the palace ruins on page 23 of the textbook, and read the "text" on page 20.

How the Xia Dynasty ruled - relying on political institutions, The army, the formulation of criminal laws, etc., the ruling class are slave owners, and the ruled are slaves.

"Use your brain": Our country has developed from clans and tribes in primitive society to a slave country. Is it social progress or regression? Tell me what you think. (It is progress. Because although there is no distinction between rich and poor in primitive society, it is based on extremely low levels of productivity. People's living standards are extremely low, their quality of life is very poor, and their cultural development is extremely slow. And in slavery In the country, slave owners used many slaves to engage in production, which made the division of labor between agriculture and handicrafts possible, creating the necessary conditions for the improvement of productivity and the development and prosperity of culture)

Nan Xia. How long has it been going on? For more than 400 years, the last king of the Xia Dynasty was Jie. There is an illustration about him in the textbook, discussing: Is Xia Jie comparable to Yu? Where is the performance? (Cannot be compared, because he implemented tyranny)

Point out: When people rose up to resist Jie's tyranny, the Xia Dynasty came to an end.

2. Shang Tang destroyed Xia and King Wu defeated Zhou

1. Shang Dynasty: (1) Time of establishment: 1600 BC. The first monarch of Shang Dynasty was Tang

(2) Pan Geng moved to Yin: After the establishment of the Shang Dynasty, it was strong for a period of time, but soon entered a period of decline - political turmoil and constant relocation of capitals, the most important of which That is, Pan Geng moved to Yin. Pan Geng's move to Yin has a very important position in the history of the Shang Dynasty, because it was the turning point from the decline of the Shang Dynasty to the resurgence of the Shang Dynasty.

Ask students to find on the map the location of Bo, the capital city built by Shang Tang. As can be seen from the picture, the Shang Dynasty moved its capital seven times since then. What is the reason for moving the capital so frequently? ——Political turmoil and flood disasters

Analysis based on the geography and climate of the ancient Central Plains region. The soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is loose, and the climate was relatively humid in ancient times, making floods prone to disasters.

So around 1300 BC, King Pan Geng of Shang moved his capital to Yin - present-day Anyang, Henan. Facing the Yellow River and backed by mountains, the terrain here is higher and the natural conditions are better. After Pan Geng moved to Yin, the Shang Dynasty society gradually stabilized and entered a new period of political, economic, and cultural development.

The Shang Dynasty was a period of development of slave society in my country. The students referred to the textbooks and atlases and thought: Compared with the Xia Dynasty, what developments did the slave society of the Shang Dynasty have? ——With the expansion of territory, productivity has also developed greatly (Tiger-Ear Bronze Tripod)

So why did the Shang Dynasty perish later? ——The tyranny of King Zhou of Shang

Which dynasty replaced the Shang Dynasty? ——Western Zhou Dynasty.

Which country did the Western Zhou Dynasty develop from? ——The Kingdom of Zhou, who was the king at that time, and which war defeated King Zhou of Shang

(3) Battle of Muye

2, Western Zhou

( 1) Time of establishment: 1046 BC Capital: Haojing territory (refer to the atlas, compare the territories of Xia, Shang and Zhou and come to the conclusion that the territory is getting bigger and bigger, and the Chinese nation is getting stronger)

The long mythological novel that shows the history of the fall of Shang and the rise of Zhou is "Feng Shen Bang"

Discussion: Why did Shang Tang conquer Xia and King Wu conquer Zhou? (A. Their opponents are no longer strong. Under the resistance of civilians and slaves, the rule of Xia Jie and Shang Zhou has long been crumbling.

B. Their just war against the tyrant has been widely supported and deeply They won the hearts of the people.

C. They reused the talents Yi Yin and Jiang Shang respectively, and also paid attention to uniting surrounding small countries and tribes to seize the opportunity to win in one fell swoop.

(2) Enfeoffment system: meaning. , Function

Let's take a look at how King Wu of Zhou consolidated his rule after he gained the world - implementing the enfeoffment system. So what is the enfeoffment system?

The layers of enfeoffment were formed? The students have a try according to "Activity and Exploration 2" on page 25: Can you mark the identity of each layer of people on the hierarchy diagram of the Western Zhou Dynasty (from top to bottom: kings, princes, princes, etc.)? Officials, officials, civilians, slaves)

What role did the implementation of the feudal system play in consolidating rule

(3) Chinese people rioted

However, in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the political situation became increasingly chaotic. In 841 BC, a "Chinese riot" finally broke out. What was a Chinese riot?

King Li was the tenth generation ruler of the Zhou Dynasty. He was also a famous tyrant in Chinese history. During his reign, he severely oppressed the people, prohibiting people from going to the mountains to cut wood, fishing in the water, and prohibiting people from discussing state affairs. Finally, the angry people rushed into the palace and drove away. King Li ended the brutal rule of King Li. At this point, the Zhou Dynasty began to decline.

King Zhou You was the last emperor of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Like King Li, he was also a fatuous king. Concubine Baosi smiled and did not hesitate to "play with the princes with beacon fire". As a result, when Quan Rong raised his troops to attack, King You lit the beacon fire again, but none of the princes sent troops to rescue him. King You was defeated and died at the foot of Lishan Mountain. Hou, Luhou and Xu Wengong established Yijiu as King Ping. King Ping moved eastward, and from then on, the Western Zhou Dynasty was declared destroyed.