Who was the most famous lobbyist and counselor in the Warring States Period?

Su Qin, a native of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (3 17 years ago) and Li Xuan, Luoyang (now Taipingzhuang in the eastern suburb of Luoyang), was a strategist as famous as Zhang Yi during the Warring States Period. It can be said that "anger is the fear of the world, and peace is the extinction of the world." He was born in a peasant family, and he was always ambitious. He studied the art of vertical and horizontal sexual intercourse with Guiguzi for many years.

Su Qin is united.

After the first lobbying, Su Qin was not reused, and then Zhou Shu studied hard in order to gain something before going out. For the Qin dynasty, this is not used to it. I happened to meet Yan Zhaowang, a wise man, and Su Qin, who was trusted by Yan Zhaowang. Su Qin believes that if Yan wants to avenge the powerful Qi State, it must first express its submission and obedience to Qi State, conceal its desire for revenge, and win the time needed to revitalize Yan State. Secondly, we should encourage Qi to attack other countries constantly, and prevent Qi from attacking Yan and consuming national strength. To this end, he persuaded the Song Dynasty to attack Qin together. In 285 BC, Su Qin went to Qi to sow discord between Qi and Zhao, gained the trust of the King of Qi, and was appointed as Qi Xianggong, but he was still plotting for Yan. The King of Qi did not know the truth, but appointed Su Qin to lead the troops against the Yan army. When Qi Yanjun fought, Su Qin deliberately defeated the Qi army and killed fifty thousand people. He divided Qi's ministers and alienated the people, which laid the foundation for Le Yi's five-nation allied forces to attack Qi. Later, Su Qin persuaded Zhao to unite with Han, Wei, Qi, Chu and Yan to attack the State of Qin. The monarch of Zhao was very happy and gave Su Qin many treasures. Su Qin got Zhao's help and went to Korea to lobby Korea. Go to Wei and lobby; Qi, lobbying; He went to Chu again to lobby Chu Weiwang. Governors praised Zhou Su's plan, so the six countries reached a joint covenant and Su Qin was appointed as the leader of the six countries. After returning to Zhao, the prince of Zhao named him Wu Anjun. Qin was surprised when he learned about it. Fifteen years later, I dare not attack Hangu Pass.

Su Qin served as an official in Yan, and his main activity was to alienate the relationship between Qi and Zhao, so as to reduce the pressure of Qi on Yan. With Nye to * * *, joint five countries to attack the qin dynasty. Later, he left the State of Yan for the State of Qi, and was highly valued by the King of Qi, but Su Qin remained loyal to the State of Yan and secretly helped it. The strategy he adopted was to persuade Qi to attack the Song Dynasty, so as to divert Qi's attention from Yan. So the faction suddenly attacked Qi, and Qi was caught off guard by Yan. At this point, the activities of Su Qinyin and Yan Moqi were exposed, and Qi was sentenced to a car crack, which was a sensational event at the end of the Warring States Period and was reflected in many writings at that time. For example, in Sun Tzu's The Art of War, a bamboo book unearthed in Yinhuan Mountain, Shandong Province, there are words like "Yan is also prosperous, and Su Qin is in Qi". For example, Lu Chunqiu said that "Qi used Su Qin, and the world knows its death". These records show that during the Warring States Period, everyone knew that Su Qin was an official for Yan, which eventually led to the demise of Qi and the prosperity of Yan, but he also made sacrifices for Yan. Su Qin was a famous soldier at the end of the Warring States Period. Xunzi and Chen Dao compared Su Qin of Qi with Zhou Hou of Chu and Zhang Yi of Qin. In the Western Han Dynasty, Su Qin was still praised by people. For example, Biography of Historical Records and Zou Yang praised him as a loyal minister of the State of Yan. Huai Nan Zi also mentions him in many places, affirming that he has the advantage of knowing tactics. Sima Qian thinks that Su Qin has shown his extraordinary intelligence in the process of "connecting six countries with relatives".

Say "Gas belongs to Yan Di"

In his later years, the prince of Yan gave way to the minister Zi Zhi, which caused the rebellion of Prince Ping and General Shibei. Qi took the opportunity to send troops to attack Yan, and occupied the whole territory of Yan in just over 50 days. Yan is broken. King Wuling of Zhao escorted Yan Gongzi back to China and named him Yan Zhaowang.

Recruit wise men and actively prepare for large-scale military retaliation against Qi. At this time Su Qin came to Yan. Wang Zhao sent him to Qi State to negotiate the land of Yan State still occupied by Qi State. Su Qin arrived here and said to Qi Xuanwang, "Yan Zhaowang is Qin Mugong's son-in-law, supported by Qiang Qin. Qi Zhanyan must be dissatisfied with Yan and Qin Dou. If the king can return the ten cities of Yan to Yan, Yan and Qin will appreciate the kindness of the king. The king can rule the world with Qin Yan's support. If the world does not dare to disobey, then the hegemony of Qi can be achieved. " Wang Xuan rejoiced and returned the old place of Yan. Su Qin is a swallow. By Yan Zhaowang's reuse.

Advise the king of qi to cut the song dynasty

Seeing the intention of attacking Qi, Su Qin put forward a plan: "Although we recovered the land occupied by Qi. However, the hatred of national subjugation in those days cannot be ignored. If Qi Xi is tired of the Song Dynasty and the South China, we can take the opportunity to attack and wipe out Qi in one fell swoop. I asked to go to Qi, saying that Wang Xuan attacked the Song Dynasty. " So Yan Zhaowang worshipped Su Qin as Shangqing and went to Qi.

Qin and Song have a good relationship. When the Song Dynasty was divided, it happened that the State of Qin sent people to the State of Qi to discuss the issue of * * * declaring himself emperor. Su Qin took the opportunity to persuade the King of Qi: "When Chyi Chin became emperor, did everyone respect Qi or Qin?" King Qi said, "Of course, I respect Qin!" "So Qi gave up the emperor. Does the world love Qi or Qin?" "Love, of course!" "The two emperors stood side by side, * * * about cutting Zhao, and the Qi army attacked Song alone, which is more favorable?" King Qi replied, "Of course, cutting the Song Dynasty is beneficial!" Su Qin then advised the King of Qi: "If we call ourselves emperors like Qin, the world only respects Qin. If we give up the title of emperor, the world will love Qi and call it Qi. It is better to sing alone than to sing Zhao. " . So I advocate giving up the emperor and adapting to the world. "

According to Su Qin's suggestion, the King of Qi joined hands with Zhao in the Arab League, and agreed that the relationship between * * * and Qin and Qin deteriorated. Su Qin took the opportunity to persuade the King of Qi to attack Song: "Song Guojun was dissolute and the world was furious. If we explore the Song Dynasty in the west, it will be a tribute to heaven. Of course, the king will make a name for himself among the princes and get practical benefits, so that Qi can stand firm in the East and become the first of the princes in the Central Plains. " Qi then attacked the Song Dynasty. In order to gain the trust of Qi, Yan sent troops to help Qi. Under the attack of the allied forces, the Song Dynasty cut the land of Huaibei for peace, and the strength of Qi was weakened by the war.

Join forces to attack Qiang Qin

Su Qin in qi, continue to weaken qi. He advised the King of Qi to build a big building and indulge in pleasure, but he went to war with foreign countries and made a wide range of enemies. The deterioration of relations between Chyi Chin and the attack on Song made the king of Qin very angry. Su Qin advised the King of Qi to take military action first to attack and contain the development of Qin's forces. At the same time, I also want to further consume Qi's strength.

The King of Qi was concerned about Yan. Su Qin defended Yan State, saying: "Yan State is weak and has always been attached to the powerful Qi State, and the reason why Qi State can command the world is precisely because of its support. This friendly relationship is the will of Yan people. How can you form an alliance with infidelity? " The king of Qi was relieved. So Su Qin went out to attack the State of Qin for the King of Qi.

Su Qin lobbied the monarchs of Korea, Zhao, Wei and Yan respectively, sent troops and grain to attack Qin State, and elected Zhao Prime Minister Feng Yangjun as the leader, while Qi State was actually the real organizer and commander of the alliance. In name, Qi attacked Qin vertically, but in fact, it only controlled Qin by Qi, so that it could not come out to save Song, so that Qi could attack Song again. Su Qin strongly advocated storming the State of Qin, but Qi didn't work hard, so Zhao, Han, Wei and Yan naturally gave way to each other, so they hesitated. Therefore, the Allies never had a large-scale war with Qin. Nevertheless, Mr. Qi's far-reaching attack has greatly damaged the national strength.

Join hands and fight back together

When the King of Qi attacked Qin, he launched a second attack on Song. This actually put the other four allied forces in a dilemma. They could neither attack Qin together nor immediately withdraw their troops to return home. So all countries are secretly dissatisfied with the alliance. Originally at this time of Su Qin south, showed to unite against the qin dynasty, secretly he is actively contact the qi allies for yan. Seeing the alienation of other countries, Su Qin secretly advised Wei: "When you were in the State of Qi, you made great contributions to the State of Qi, but the king of Qi was ignorant, not only did he not reuse it, but he also let you leave your hometown and return to the State of Wei. Now, he abandoned his faith and played with the allies. Yan Jun had the intention of attacking Qi, and Zhao Guo had the hatred of alliance. If you join forces to March to Qi, the Central Plains will be big, and Mr. Wang will be famous all over the world. " Meng Changjun agreed to Su Qin's suggestion.

Su Qin also advised the King of Qi to make peace with Qin: "Wei and Zhao are close to Qin, but far from Qin. If our five countries can't defeat Qin together, Wei and Zhao will make peace with Qin in order to save the country. Once Qin and other countries unite, Lian Heng will definitely attack Qi. I hope your majesty will be ready to make peace with Qin first, so as not to be passive. " The King of Qi felt that what Su Qin said was very reasonable, so he made a friendly gesture with Qin and planned to use Han Nie, who was close to Qin, as prime minister.

Zhao Guofeng was busy attacking Qin vertically. Seeing that the King of Qi had made friends with the State of Qin without consulting, he was very angry and joined Wei Yan to fight against the State of Qi, which was busy attacking the Song Dynasty. The King of Qi hurriedly withdrew his troops from the State of Song and promised to give land to Fengyangjun, who stopped attacking the State of Qi.

Su Qin was detained in Zhao.

Feng Yangjun got the promise of land from the king of Qi, and his relationship with Qi was reconciled. Su Qin's activities of alienating the relationship between Yan and Zhao in the dark were also noticed by Feng Yangjun. So Feng Yangjun detained Su Qin in Zhao, restricting his actions.

Su Qin turned to the Prince for help, intending to continue to alienate others. The prince made a serious protest to Zhao Fengyang, who released Su Qin. However, Su Qin could never find the opportunity to work in Zhao. He wanted to meet the envoy sent by Qi to Zhao, but Zhao refused. Su Qin had no choice but to leave Zhao.

Make one's own merits and demerits

After Su Qin entered Qi, he became suspicious, because he tried to dissuade the joint attack several times on the pretext that the time was not right, so he planned to let others return to China instead of Su Qin. Su Qin was very disappointed and wrote to the prince to defend himself. This letter can be said to be an evaluation of his life. He said: Yan Qi's hatred has a long history. I run for Yan Qi's diplomatic relations, and it is difficult to gain the trust of all parties. Qi is a threat to Yan. When I was in the State of Qi, I could have prevented the State of Qi from attacking the State of Yan, but I could have broken the relationship between the State of Qi and the State of Zhao and prepared for the great event of the king. Although the five countries attacked Qin and Yan sent troops to produce grain, on the one hand, they were exempted from the shame that Qi claimed to be the emperor and Yan surrendered, and on the other hand, they did not have the evil of Qi Zhao attacking Yan. Later, Feng Yangjun accepted the fief of Qi and detained me in Zhao. Your Majesty saved his deputy from from the mire. Now neither Qi nor Zhao intend to attack Yan, and Yan can repair his national strength. Although I am useless, I think I can get away with it. As a courtier, I was active in the state of Qi, and I had an affair for a long time. If I were a powerful person in the state of Qi, my doctors would not trust me. If I were the base of Qi, the whole world would look down on me. If I get the reuse of the King of Qi, Dr. Yan Xihui has hope for me. If I can't reach it, I will only complain. If Qi has anything against Yan, it's all my responsibility. If everyone in the world doesn't attack Qi, say I'm good at planning for Qi. My situation can also be said to be dangerous enough. I am not afraid to die and serve the king, but the king suspects that I am blaming my subjects. I'm really scared. Although I think I can be listed as a world minister, I don't feel guilty. For example, Your Majesty is only reusing talented sages, and I would like to seriously cooperate with him in Qi. If the king doesn't trust me, I will go back to Yan to serve him and relieve his worries. Yan Zhaowang finally didn't replace Su Qin.

Swing around behind my back

In order to worsen the diplomatic relations between Qi and Zhao, Su Qin made Guang Qi make enemies, and then suggested that the King of Qi attack the Song Dynasty. In 286 BC, the Song Dynasty fell. Qi's national strength gradually weakened. At the same time, because Feng Yangjun asked Qi for fief, the relationship between Qi and Zhao was once again cracked. Su Qin's frequent activities were finally discovered by Wang Qi and Doctor Qi. King Qi split Su Qin's car in the city. Su Qin died in his fifties. After Su Qin's death, the five countries of Yan, Zhao, Wei, Qin and Han joined forces, and under the leadership of the general of Yan, attacked Qi on a large scale, trapping more than 70 cities. King Qi escaped and was killed. Although Qi later recovered its territory, its national strength declined greatly and it never recovered. The reason why the four kingdoms of Yan, Zhao, Wei, Qin launched this war was largely due to Su Qin's activities before his death.

There are thirty-one pieces of perilla in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, which is a collection of Su Qin's works or deeds recorded by later generations, including some lobbying words of Su Dai and Su Li. Perilla is the longest among military strategists. It can be seen that from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty, the works or related materials belonging to the Su brothers among military strategists are very weighty and the most widely circulated. After the Han Dynasty, the book died. Among the silk manuscripts unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, there are eleven letters from Su Qin to the prince of Yan or the prince of Zhao, which are not found in the ancient books handed down from ancient times such as Warring States Policy and Historical Records, and two others are partially found in Warring States Policy, which are important new materials for understanding Su Qin's deeds now.