What are the characteristics of apples? Thank you.

I saw the details of Apple today, and I have a feeling. Just say apples! Apples are delicious and nutritious, but why do people throw them away as soon as they see a little damage? After inquiring about the information, we know that apple is a deciduous tree, with oval leaves, serrated leaves, red and white, round fruit and sweet taste. This is an ordinary fruit. Moreover, people who often eat fruits know that apples contain a variety of vitamins, minerals, sugars, fats, etc., which constitute essential nutrients for the brain. Moreover, children eating fruit to a higher level will also promote brain development and improve intelligence. The fruit of this plant is native to temperate regions in both hemispheres. The earliest Europeans ate apples and improved their choices. Some varieties were seen more than 2000 years ago. Before colonizing the United States, there were hundreds of known varieties in Europe. The apple variety 1, a Japanese-bred red Fuji, 1980 was introduced to China. The fruit is large, with an average single fruit weight of 220g and a maximum fruit weight of 650g. The fruit shape is oblate to nearly round, with oblique shoulders and fruit shape index of 0.8. The fruit surface is smooth, without rust spots, with many fruit powders, thick waxy layer and thick and tough peel; The background color is yellow-green, with red patches or bright red stripes; There are many fruit spots, yellow and white, small and round, large rust-colored fruit spots, and obvious irregular protrusions. The pulp is yellow-white, dense, crisp and juicy, moderately sweet and sour, fragrant and refreshing, and the soluble solid content is 14.5 ~ 15.5%. The fruit is of high quality and very resistant to storage. It can be stored in semi-underground wine cellar until May of the following year and in cold air until July of the following year. After storage, the aroma is stronger and the flavor is better. Fruit development period 170~ 180 days, and harvesting in the middle and late June of 10. Physiological fruit drop and pre-harvest fruit drop are very light, and there is no fruit cracking before maturity. Red Fuji is the floorboard of color Fuji. During the popularization and cultivation of Fuji, due to its active genetic variation characteristics, many mutant lines with good fruit coloring have emerged all over Japan, exceeding 100. Qiu Fu 1, Changfu No.2, Changfu No.6, Yanfu 10 and Zaosheng Fuji are the main single lines introduced and cultivated in our city. During the extension and cultivation in Yantai, extensive selection activities were carried out, and six excellent strains of Yanfu 1~6 were selected, among which Yanfu No.6 was a short branch strain. The characteristics of tobacco-rich lines are: large fruit, regular fruit shape, high pile, fruit shape index of 0.86 ~ 0.91; Early coloring, fast color development, strong red hue, bright tone, good coloring inside and outside the crown, coloring index of 93 ~ 97.2%; The flesh is light yellow, crisp and crisp, the hardness is 8.0 ~ 9.8kg/cm2, the soluble solids 14.0~ 16.6%, the juice is rich, and the flavor is sweet and palatable. The appearance quality is obviously superior to the original imported Red Fuji, and the product performance is excellent. It is a representative strain of Red Fuji, which has been replanted in a large area in our city and achieved good market results. 2.Gala New Zealand variety, 1980 introduced from Japan. The fruit is medium-sized and short conical; The fruit surface has a golden background, a light blush on the sunny side, and red intermittent wide stripes; The fruit is regular and beautiful, with five edges at the top and slender stems; The peel is thin and shiny; The flesh is light yellow and crisp; Soluble solid content 13~ 15%, juicy, sweet and slightly sour, very delicious and good quality. Mature in early September. New Gala, also known as Royal Gala, was introduced in 1986. Most of its properties are the same as Gala, but its coloring is obviously better than Gala, which is favored by the market. In the process of cultivation and breeding of Gala, two excellent plants provided by Qixia were tested and evaluated by Yantai Fruit Tree Station in the whole city, ranking first among all excellent lines, named Yangga 1 and 2. The comprehensive properties are better than those of Xingala, with bright red color and beautiful appearance, and the average single fruit weight is about 200 grams. It matures from late August to early September, and it is a representative strain of Gala apple, which has a great development. Sansa, also known as Sansa, was introduced from Japan in 1989. This variety has upright tree posture, weak dryness, short fruit branches, premature delivery and high fruit setting rate. Mature in late August, the fruit is conical or oblate, and the weight of a single fruit is about 230 grams; The background color is yellow-green, the sunny flour is red, the cloudy side is pink, and the fruit surface is waxy and thin and beautiful; The pulp is yellow-white, crisp, sweet and juicy, with the aroma of flowers and red fruits, and the soluble solid content is about 13~ 15%, which is resistant to storage and has great development prospects. 4. Red General Japanese variety 1996 was introduced from Tianxiang Garden in Nakajima, Japan by Weihai Agricultural Science Center. After trial planting, it showed good economic characters in Jiaodong. The fruit of this variety is large and nearly round, with an average single fruit weight of 307 grams, high fruit pile and fruit shape index of 0.86. The fruit is bright in color and full of red; The flesh is yellow and white, the hardness of the flesh is 9.6kg/cm2, the flesh is crisp and juicy, and the soluble solid content is 15.9%. Sweet and sour taste, high quality. Mature in mid-September, more than 30 days earlier than Fuji; Strong storage resistance, not easy to fluff, naturally stored until the Spring Festival. Red General Apple can be listed before Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, and the market prospect is broad. Qixia has been cultivated on a large scale. 5. The fruit of Tianjin Light is large, identical, oblate to nearly round, and the single fruit weighs more than 200 grams. The fruit has a smooth surface and a yellow-green background, and the sunny side is covered with Xia Hong and bright red stripes. Waxy, many fruit points, inconsistent size, small fruit points pale yellow, not obvious, large fruit points prominent, thin peel. The flesh is yellowish white, thin and crisp, the juice is sweet and slightly fragrant, and the soluble solids 12.5~ 15.5% are of good quality. The fruit is not resistant to storage, and the meat quality becomes soft after being placed at room temperature for more than one month. It ripens in September, and the fruit development period is 1 15 days, which ripens earlier than Jin Shuai. The yield was lower than that of Jin Shuai, and the fruit dropped before maturity. Red Tianjin light is a bud of Tianjin light coloring system. The shape and flavor of the fruit are the same as Tianjin light, but the fruit is easy to be colored, and the color tone is thick red and bright. Most of our cities are planted as pollinators. 6. Golden Crown American variety, also known as Jin Shuai and yellow banana. The fruit is large, generally weighing more than 200 grams, conical and slightly ribbed at the top; The fruit stalk is slender, the peel is thin, dull, slightly rough, yellow-green, turns golden yellow after a little storage, and occasionally turns pale red on the sunny side when it is harvested late; The flesh is yellow and white, and the meat is delicate; Crisp and juicy at first harvest, and slightly soft after storage. The taste is sweet and slightly sour, the fragrance is clear, and the raw food is of good quality. The fruit growth period is 140 days, and it will mature in the middle and late September. The fruit does not fall off when it is fully ripe, and the flesh of the late-harvested fruit is light yellow, with excellent raw flavor. The fruit can be preserved until February to March of the following year, but the peel is easy to wrinkle when the environmental humidity is low. This variety has early fruiting and high yield, but it is prone to fruit rust in the young fruit period when it encounters rain or improper use of pesticides, which affects the quality of goods. Weak trees or trees with too many fruits are easy to bear small fruits and their quality will decline. Jinshuai has many short shoots, the most famous of which is Jinai, with large fruit and high yield, but the internal quality of the fruit is not as good as Jinguan. Jinguan is one of the main varieties in the world, and it was also the main variety in China before the 1980s. With the emergence and promotion of new and superior varieties such as Red Fuji, Jinguan Garden has been improved in a large area, and now our city is only planted as a pollination tree sporadically. 7. Red Star (Snake Fruit) originated in the United States, also known as Marshal Red. It is the thick red bud of red banana (Marshal) and one of the main cultivated varieties in the world. The fruit is large and conical, and the weight of a single fruit is more than 250 grams, up to about 500 grams; There are five prismatic protrusions on the top of the fruit, which makes the fruit pile high and beautiful. At first, there were obvious intermittent red stripes, followed by red clouds. After fully coloring, the whole fruit is dark red with obvious purple thick stripes, and the surface of the fruit is shiny and very bright. The fruit point is light brown or grayish white, and the fruit shoulder is uneven; The pulp is yellow-white, medium thickness, crisp, juicy and sweet, with soluble solids 14%, strong flavor and high quality; The fruit growth period is about 1.45 days, and it matures in mid-September, so it is relatively storable. The best edible period is 65,438+0 ~ 2 months after storage. Marshal system has many buds, and Red Star is its second generation. Starkrimson brachycarpus is a representative strain of its third generation, which is derived from the bud of Starkrimson. Its tree body is dense, its yield is extremely high, and its coloring is better than the original variety. It has been greatly developed in our city and is one of the main varieties. At present, due to the rise of Fuji, Gala and other varieties, the new red star has lost its former charm, and the newly-built close-planted orchards are mostly planted as pollination trees. 8. American ruby variety with nearly round or oblate fruit and single fruit weight 165 ~ 2 10g. The background color of the fruit surface is yellow-green, and it is completely red, which is quite beautiful; Fruits in the shade or under leaves are usually of poor color, and only red clouds appear. The peel is smooth and shiny, the fruit powder is medium thick, and the fruit point is round and small. The stem depression is easy to produce flaky rust spots, the base of the fruit stalk is slightly enlarged, and the peel is thin and tough. The flesh is yellow and white, dense and crisp, and juicy. When it was first harvested, it had a strong sour taste and a clear fragrance. After storage, the pulp is light yellow, sweet and sour, with rich aroma and good flavor. The total sugar content is 14.9%, and the ratio of sugar to acid is 15.95, so the quality is high. Fruits can be stored for more than half a month, which is the best edible period. Fruit development period 120 days, mature in the first half of September. It is a good raw and processed variety, and the fruit is very suitable for processing juice and preserved fruit. At present, the number of development is very small, but from the point of view of processing, it should be properly developed. 9. Jonah King American Variety Show. The fruit is large, oblate and weighs about 250 grams. The fruit has a smooth surface and a yellow-green background with orange glow or inconspicuous red stripes. Fruits with good color are full orange-red, and the color is poor when the light is insufficient. The fruit surface is waxy, the fruit point is small, and there are many green halos, which are obviously easy to see. The flesh is light yellow, crisp, with a hardness of 8kg/cm2, sweet and slightly sour, and has a special flavor. Soluble solids 15- 16.5%, excellent quality. Slightly resistant to storage, it can generally be placed before and after the Spring Festival. The fruit growth period is about 155 days, and there are fruit drops before harvesting. Young trees bear fruit early, with high fruit setting rate and high yield, and the fruit ripens in the first half of June at 5438+ 10. After late harvest, cracks are easy to occur in the depression, and the fruit surface is easy to "return sugar", and waxy substances are easy to secrete during storage. New Jonah King is a new red variety bred from Jonah King bud mutation in Japan. Its botanical characters are basically the same as Jonah King's, but its fruit color is heavier with obvious thick red stripes, and its comprehensive economic characters are better than Jonah King's. Our city has a lot of cultivation. 10, Australian green apple, Australian variety, world-famous green variety. The fruit is large, oblate or nearly round, with a single fruit weight of 2 10g and a maximum of 240g. The fruit surface is smooth, all of them are emerald green, some of them are slightly reddish brown and shiny, and the fruit is yellow and white. The flesh is green and white, the meat is crisp, the hardness is 7.8kg/cm2, the juice is abundant, the flavor is sweet and sour, the soluble solid content is 13.5%, and the quality is medium to high. Very resistant to storage, generally can be stored until April-May of the following year, and the flavor is better after storage. The fruit growth period is about 170 days, and it ripens in the middle and late June of 10. The young trees of this variety bear fruit early, have high yield, and have a sour taste when they are just harvested. The best edible period is after February and March of the following year. Fruit is a high-grade variety in domestic and foreign markets, which can be used for export and can be eaten raw and processed. At present, Qixia has developed a planting base of10.5 million mu to meet the demand of apple processing, and has begun to bear fruit one after another.