How do you explain the term official standard?

"Official-based" is not a strict scientific concept but a popular term, which first appeared in the 1980s. This statement originated from a special term in economics-the gold standard. The gold standard refers to a monetary system with gold as the standard currency. Use gold as the single value scale to measure the value of other commodities. From this point of view, when the term was first proposed, official standard at least had this meaning: taking official status as a core social value measure to measure an individual's social status and value. With the development of society, its meaning has become more and more abundant, and it is not limited to this. The official position is the alienation of the original meaning of official. Originally, official was a more pleasant name: those who handled state affairs were called officials. An official is a public official. "The Book of Han·Gai Kuanrao Biography" says: "The five emperors have officials in the world, and the three kings have families in the world. The families pass on their sons, and the officials pass on the virtuous." "Shuo Yuan Zhi Gong": "Doctor Bao Bailing said to Qin Shihuang: ' The officials of the world will give way to the worthy, and the families of the world will be destroyed. Therefore, the five emperors regard the world as their officials, and the three kings regard the world as their family. '" It can be seen that the original meaning of official is "for the public." It is precisely because of the "public" connection that there are stories about Yao and Shun's abdication. Han Feizi said in his famous article "Five Worms", "In this way, those who in ancient times surrendered to the world were to be raised by the prison gate and left behind the labors of ministers and captives. Therefore, it was not enough to spread it to the world." However, Later, people's concept changed. It was in Han Fei's time that the idea of ??valuing officials came into being in society: "Today's county magistrates will die in one day, but their descendants will live happily for generations, and their old friends will value them." With the development of history to this day, people's concept of officials Great changes have taken place, and the official-oriented ideology has gradually formed. Throughout history and reality, the official standard includes at least the following four connotations: the operation of public power takes the interests and will of the "official" as the most fundamental starting point and foothold; a strict upper-lower hierarchical system, where subordinates have no control over superiors The first is Zhan, the superior has absolute power over the subordinates; the social psychology of measuring people's social status and life value based on whether they are officials, the size of their official positions, and the level of their official ranks, or by referring to their official ranks; on this basis, the social psychology of respecting officials, The social psychology of official fear. In daily life, people often use this concept in multiple senses. “It includes official-oriented consciousness, official-oriented thinking, official-oriented culture, official-oriented mechanism, official-oriented phenomenon, official-oriented behavior, etc.” 2 . In this article, it has a specific meaning and refers to a political culture. Political culture is an important concept in contemporary political science. It was first proposed by American political scientist Almond. In 1956, in his book "Comparative Political Systems", he believed that political culture is the psychological aspect of political systems. Each political system manifests itself as a to-be-determined pattern of political behavior. This specific pattern is the political system. Political culture, from an individual perspective, is an individual’s subjective tendency towards political behavior and political evaluation. Since then, there has been no agreement on the definition of political culture. S. Weber's explanation is generally considered to be typical. He explained political culture as "a system composed of beliefs, ideograms and values ??derived from experience. This system stipulates the subjective environment in which political behavior occurs." In this concept , a connotation that basically everyone agrees on is: it is “the political psychological tendency and political value orientation about the country’s political life” and is a political ideological form, “including political understanding, political emotions, political attitudes, political motivations, political intentions, political beliefs, political thoughts, etc.” 3. Political culture is at the interface between politics and culture. From this point of view, the official standard as a political value orientation and social psychology can be included in the category of political culture. Further analysis shows that in fact, official-based political culture has two main subjects: those who serve as officials and those who serve the people. The first two aspects of its connotation mainly refer to the former, and the last two aspects mainly refer to the latter. However, when discussing the connotation of official status, these two subjects cannot be completely separated, because officials can become people, and officials are also members of society. More importantly, people can also become officials through various channels. The political culture with these two as the main body combines together to form the official-based political culture. The main body of officials was formed earlier than the people, because it is the direct parasitic carrier of this political culture. From a Marxist perspective, the political culture of the dominant class in a certain society is the main political culture of that society. Obviously, proletarian political culture is the main political culture of contemporary China. The official-based political culture belongs to the feudal political culture and the political culture of the feudal bureaucratic class.

In Almond's view, it should belong to the subject political culture. Because in the official-based political culture, the subjects are completely passive towards the political system. They are only related to the output of the political system, but do not actively participate in political life. "Officialship" is the basic feature of the feudal bureaucratic political system and one of the reasons for the long-term stagnation of China's feudal society. It has great harm to the development and progress of Chinese society. Therefore, it has been sharply criticized by progressive thinkers since the "May 4th Movement" era. After the founding of New China, the Communist Party of China was committed to establishing a new political system of people's democracy and completely eradicating the influence of the feudal system. Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and other revolutionaries of the older generation pointed out many times that Communists are not for office, but for revolution; serving the people wholeheartedly is the only purpose of Communists. However, because the consciousness of "official status" has been circulating for thousands of years, it still has a profound influence on our country's social life. Some Communist Party members and party leading cadres have also become prisoners of this "official standard" consciousness consciously or unconsciously. As a result, phenomena such as running for an official position, buying an official position, selling an official position, committing fraud, making false claims, defrauding honors and positions, protecting one's self without thinking about progress, and seeking only to have no faults, all in order to protect the official position, using power for personal gains, trading power for money, etc. all emerged. At present, the key point of the "official-oriented" consciousness is that it is irresponsible for the cause of the party and the country, irresponsible for the interests of the nation and the people, and only responsible for oneself or relatives or small groups. This kind of mental state is extremely inconsistent with the nature and tasks of our party and our great historical mission in the new century. The "official-oriented" consciousness directly leads to bureaucracy. "Everything is low-grade, but reading is good", "No one asks for ten years of hard work, but once you become famous, the world will know it." These inspirational mantras that were familiar to me when I was a child are actually true reflections of official-oriented thinking. China is a society that values ??"officials". People all want to be officials, but they are all afraid of them. The idea of ??officialdom has reached a state of perfection in China's feudal society. What is official position? The official standard is first of all a kind of institutional setting and institutional arrangement. The official position has been popular in China for thousands of years. In feudal society, princes, generals, ministers, and officials were divided into nine ranks, forming a large and strict official system. The entire society is incorporated into the institutional structure of the national administrative system. All people, organizations and departments are classified into administrative sequences, their levels are defined, their administrative powers are divided, and they are ultimately subject to unified administrative control. The so-called "under the whole world, Could it be the land of the king? The shore of the land, could it be the ministers of the king?" The bureaucracy and social power structure under the feudal system were strict and systematic, highly centralized and hierarchical. The whole society was a pyramid built with administrative power, and the top of the tower was the emperor. In this pagoda-shaped institutional structure, there is a strict hierarchy, superiority and inferiority, clear boundaries, and no overstepping. The greater the official, the more powerful he is, the higher his treatment, and the more prominent his status. There is not a two-way interactive relationship between superiors and subordinates. Rather, the subordinates are completely subordinate to the superiors and take all orders from the superiors. For subordinate officials, everything is only responsible to the superior officials who can determine their personal destiny. Under a single administrative system, it is not the rule of overall rules, order and legal principles, but the rule of individuals; it is not the rule of legal procedures, but the rule of the "will of the chief"; it is not the rule of law, but the rule of people. In modern society, being an official still has privileges, you can get more benefits than others, you can gain people's respect, and you can also have a high position to obtain information. The official standard is an ideology and a value orientation. As a kind of consciousness and value orientation, it refers to taking officialdom as the basis, taking power as the key link, taking official career as the choice guide of personal career, everything is subject to official status, everything is for the sake of becoming an official and being promoted, and regarding being an official and being promoted as a Pursue the highest value in life, and at the same time use being an official to judge the value of life. Everything is for being an official, and being an official is everything. Once you have an official position, you can be blessed with a wife, a son, and an ancestor. It can be said that "when a person achieves enlightenment, chickens and dogs ascend to heaven", and even "ancestral graves will emit green smoke." In a hierarchical feudal society, officials were the first among all professions, and only by embarking on an official career could one get ahead. People at the bottom of society have no other way to get rid of poverty and low social status than becoming officials. People regard "promotion" as the only way to get ahead. Studying is for becoming an official, and being an official means honoring one’s ancestors. As a result, "excellence in learning leads to officialdom." Whether people become officials and hold high positions has become a measure of the success of a person's struggle. "The night of flowers and candles in the bridal chamber, the time when the gold medal is named" has become the two greatest blessings in life. Even businessmen are no exception. The purpose of many businessmen in doing business is ultimately to enter politics and to use money to "donate" or "buy officials." "Selling official positions and getting titles" creates a strong buyer's market for official positions.

The official-oriented consciousness is the ideological reflection of the feudal bureaucracy system, and it maintains and serves the bureaucratic centralized system. "Fan Jin's various demeanor after passing the national examination" are a vivid and true portrayal of this concept. Official position is also a social phenomenon. As a social phenomenon, it means that being an official brings dignity, and having power brings everything. People regard officials as noble and respected. In society, people's value, achievements, and status are measured by the size of their official positions. This creates a kind of worship and awe of power, official position, and officials, which in turn leads to the prevalence of the will of the chief, the concept of power supremacy, and the consciousness of dependence and its phenomena. Official position can measure everything: political treatment, social reputation, economic benefits, salary, housing size, and the quality of private cars. Official rank not only affects the living person, but also whether there is a memorial service after death, the length or shortness of the eulogy, who pays for the burial, and where the person is buried all depend on the size of the official position. In all kinds of meetings, even academic or professional meetings, administrative leaders must be seated in the front row, and they pay special attention to the leadership level and seating arrangement, so that meeting seating arrangement is the most important aspect of government meeting management. Enterprises have levels, and business leaders must correspond to administrative titles; actors, teachers, doctors, and scientific researchers must be represented by official ranks; even monks and Taoists must be judged by how big an official they are, leading to the phenomenon of "director-level abbot" , "bureau-level host" is a joke that makes people laugh. The phenomenon of officialdom has covered the whole society, and children are also addicted to officialdom. In a small class with dozens of people, in addition to the squad leader and deputy squad leader, there are also study committee members, labor committee members, health committee members, sports committee members, and literature and art committee members. In the Young Pioneers system, there are also brigade captains, squadron captains, and squad captains. Almost all of them have official titles. Go to most of the class. Children often fight for one more "stick". If you really can't arrange it, you can be a department representative. A child is happy for a week when he becomes a weekly student, because he has never been a class cadre, and he can at least enjoy the official addiction for a week. In order to find an official position for their children, parents do not hesitate to treat teachers and give them gifts. Thank you, I hope my answer is useful to you

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