Where are gerunds used in the current junior high school English textbooks?

In the current junior high school English textbooks, there are roughly ten situations in which the verb prototype is used:

1. When the verb forms the predicate with auxiliary verbs or modal verbs such as do, does, did, shall, will, should, would, may, have to, must, oughtto, etc., the prototype should be used. Such as:

Do you like English? Do you like English?

May I use your telephone? May I use your phone?

we must study hard and make progress every day. We must study hard and make progress every day.

Shall we tell her to wait? Should we tell her to wait?

2. The predicate verb of the imperative sentence should be in the original form. P>Close the door behind you, please. Please close the door behind you.

Don't make a noise. Don't make noise.

Let's live in peace and friendship. Let's live in peace and friendship.

3. The objects of sensory verbs such as look at, see, watch, notice, listen to, hear, feel and their complements form a logical subject-predicate relationship. When expressing the final result or the whole process of the action, the verbs used as object complements should use the prototype. But change to passive voice with to.

I saw the train come into the station. I saw the train coming into the station.

I heard a letter drop. (A letter was heard to drop.) I heard the letter fall.

4. When the object after the causative verb let, have and make forms a logical subject-predicate relationship with the verb as the object complement, this verb should be in its original form. But change to passive voice with to; The verb after "let" can be used without "to", for example,

He let Jack lead the way. He asked Jack to lead the way.

Have him send the letter. Tell him to deliver the letter.

His jokes made us all laugh. His jokes made us all laugh.

Everyone must be made to know nobody should break the law.

Everyone should know that no one is allowed to break the law.

5. Two or more parallel infinitives are connected by and or OR, and the second infinitive often omits to. P>Let's go and play football. Let's play football.

it is fun to jump into the pool or go swimming in a river in summer.

It's fun to jump into a swimming pool or a river in summer.

6. in the sentence patterns of why not… and why…, not and why are directly followed by the verb prototype to form a rhetorical question, which means "suggestion, advice, blame or reminder". Such as:

Why not use my bicycle? Why not use my bike?

Why waste so much money? Why waste so much money?

7. The verb help is followed by a compound object. When the object complement is acted by a verb, the verb can be preceded by to or without to, but it must be accompanied by to in the passive voice.

she helped me (to) clean the room.

(I was helped to clean the room by her.) He helped me clean the room.

8.d o,dose,did are used with the verb prototype to strengthen the mood, which can be used not only in imperative sentences, but also in affirmative statements of the general present tense and the general past tense. Such as:

do be caring! Be careful!

She does look nice today. She really looks beautiful today.

I did think be was wrong. I really think he is wrong.

9. The infinitive is the object of prepositions but and except. When there is a substantive verb do before it, the infinitive behind it should omit to.

jack had nothing to do but/except watch TV. Jack has nothing to do except watch TV.

1. in some fixed sentence patterns, such as had better, would rather, would rather ... that ... (would rather ... than) and so on, the verbs behind should be in the original form.

You had better have a good rest. You'd better have a good rest.

He would rather go to work by bike. He would rather go to work by bike.