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Fan Zhongyan's Life, Achievements, Thoughts, Personality and Appreciation of Poetry (3) (2)

Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052) (that is, two years of Emperor Taizong's end arch-four years of your life) is a Greek word. Bao Zheng, a famous official, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in posthumous title "Zheng Wen", Han nationality, Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). When I was a teenager, my family was poor, but I was studious. When I am learning, I often take the world as my responsibility and have the name of daring to speak. He wrote many times to criticize the then prime minister, so he was demoted three times. Song Renzong was a deputy prime minister when he was an official. Yuan Hao rebelled, Longtuge was a bachelor, and Xia Song ran to Shaanxi. Strict orders, Xia people dare not commit crimes. Qiang people are called Laozi, and Xia people call Fan Laozi. 1043 (three years in Song Renzong), Fan Zhongyan was deeply saddened by the shortcomings of state affairs at that time, and put forward "ten essentials", advocating the establishment of a strict official system, attaching importance to agriculture and mulberry, reorganizing military equipment, advocating the legal system, and reducing imprisonment. Song Renzong adopted his suggestions and implemented them one after another, which is called "Qingli New Deal" in history. Unfortunately, because the conservative opposition did not come true soon, he was demoted to Shaanxi No.4 Road as a propaganda ambassador. Later, he died on the way to Yingzhou, and Fan Wenzheng Gong Ji was handed down from generation to generation.

Fan Zhongyan likes playing the piano, but he only plays one song on weekdays, so people call him Fan Lvshuang. He is engaged in poetry creation, which is rich in political content, beautiful in language and open-minded. There are two sentences in his "Yueyang Tower", "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later", which is an eternal famous saying. It is also a portrayal of his patriotism all his life.

He was not only a famous politician and commander in chief in the Northern Song Dynasty, but also an outstanding writer and educator. The Li Qing Reform led by him became the prelude of Wang Anshi's Xifeng Reform. He improved some military systems and strategic measures to make the western border defense stable for a long time; A large number of scholars he recommended laid the foundation for the academic prosperity of the Song Dynasty. His thought of worrying about the world first and the moral integrity of people with lofty ideals are brilliant spiritual wealth in the history of Chinese civilization; Zhu called him "the first-rate figure in the history of heaven and earth"! Today, the remains of Fan Zhongyan in various places have been protected and commemorated by people.

Fan Zhongyan was born in Xuzhou on the second day of August in the second year of Song Taizong Duangong (989). His father, Fan Yong, was then the secretary of Ningwujun, the head of Xuzhou Military Region. Marrying Chen first is his third son. In the second year after Fan Zhongyan was born, his father died of illness. Xie was poor and helpless, so he had to hold Zhong You in his infancy and remarried to a family named Zhu in Shanxian County (now near zouping county, Shandong Province), the governor of Shandong Province. Fan Zhongyan also changed his surname, named Zhu said, and grew up in Zhu's parents.

Fan Zhongyan studied hard since he was a child. Zhujiajian Island is a rich man in Changshan, but for inspiration, he often goes to the nearby Liquan Temple in Changbai Mountain for boarding study and reads satirical recitations in the morning and evening. His persistent spirit of reading films left a deep impression on monks: at that time, his life was extremely difficult. He only cooks a pot of thick porridge every day, cools it, cuts it into four pieces, eats two pieces in the morning and evening, mixes a few pickles and half a jar of vinegar juice, and continues to study after eating. Later generations have the reputation of painting porridge, but he doesn't mind this poor life at all, and spends all his energy in books to find his own fun.

For almost three years, the books in Changbai Mountain Township have gradually failed to meet his needs. An accidental incident exposed the secret of Fan Zhongyan's family background. He was surprised to find that he was originally the son of Suzhou Fan family and had been taking care of his life by his stepfather for many years. Fan Zhongyan was deeply stimulated and shaken by this incident. Under the intersection of shame and anger, he decided to leave the Zhujiajian family and set up his own family. He will always be outstanding in the future and then take over his mother. So he hastily packed some simple clothes, put a piano and sword on his back, said goodbye to his mother in tears and left Changshan on foot to study, regardless of Zhu Jiahe's mother's obstruction.

In the fourth year (10 1 1), 23-year-old Fan Zhongyan came to Yingtianfu Academy in Suiyang (now Suiyang District, Henan Province). Yingtianfu Academy is one of the four famous academies in Song Dynasty, with 0/50 school buildings and thousands of books. What's more, there are many ambitious and intelligent teachers and students here. Studying in such a college, there are not only famous teachers to consult, but also many students to learn from each other and many books to read. Moreover, the college is free, which is especially popular for Fan Zhongyan, who is financially strapped. Yingtianfu was later renamed Nanjing, and Yingtianfu Academy was also called Du Nan Academy.

In the seventh year of Dazhong auspicious symbol (A.D. 10 14), Song Zhenzong, a superstitious Taoist, led a hundred officials to Bozhou (now Bo County, Anhui Province) to worship the Taiqing Palace. The mighty chariots and horses passed Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan, the same below), and the whole city was sensational. People rushed to see the emperor, but one student stayed at home and still buried himself in his studies. A good classmate came to persuade him: "Go and see, this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, don't miss it!" " But the student just casually said, "It's never too late to see you again", and then went on reading his book without looking up. Sure enough, the next year, he was admitted to the scholar and met the emperor. This student is Fan Zhongyan, a great reform thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the autumn of the seventh year (10 14) and the spring of the eighth year (10 15), Dazhong xiangfu passed the imperial examination and became a scholar. When he took part in the imperial examination in Chongzheng Hall, he first met Emperor Zhenzong, who was nearly fifty years old. Later, he was honored to attend a banquet hosted by the imperial government. In February, Bianjing (now Kaifeng City) bloomed in spring. Jinshi rode across the horse and paraded the streets with the sound of drum music: "Changbai is a cold Confucian, and he has been famous for more than two years." He sang such a poem and thought he was twenty-seven years old. Compared with Teng Zongliang and others beside him, he looks much older.

Soon, he was appointed as the manager of Guangdejun to join the army (Guangdejun is located in Guangde County, Anhui Province, and the manager joined the army as an official in charge of litigation and trial, from Jiupin). Then, he was transferred to Qing Ji Army as our ambassador (Qing Ji Army is located in Bozhou, Anhui Province, and our ambassador is a curtain officer from Bapin). He took his mother to support him, officially restored Fan, and changed his name to Zhong Yan and the word Xi. From then on, he began his political career for nearly forty years.

In the fifth year of Tianxi (102 1), Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Xixi Town, Hailing, Taizhou (now near Dongtai County, Jiangsu Province) to be the supervisor of salt storage, transportation and resale. Xixi Town is close to the Yellow Sea. Although peony can be seen occasionally in the town, its desolate scene is different from that in the mainland. At first glance, listening to the roar of the wind and waves and the sigh of wild cranes, Fan Zhongyan couldn't help feeling a little disappointed. Because Guan Cang is a idled official, he laughed at himself by eating and drinking lazily: "I have never held a chair, and I dare to talk about my ambition to go to Wan Li!" It's time to be black and white when you get old. Why are you complaining about Jianghu? "

However, he soon found that there were many things to do here. The dilapidated seawall in the area has collapsed, and not only salt fields and pavilions have lost their barriers, but also large areas of farmland and houses have been repeatedly threatened by waves. Thousands of victims were displaced when they encountered tidal waves and even flooded the gates of Taizhou. The government suffered losses in salt production and tax. To this end, he wrote to Zhang Lun of Jianghuai Waterway, complaining about the interests of Chen Haidi, and suggested rebuilding a solid seawall weir along the coast of Tongzhou, Taizhou, Chuzhou and Haizhou (now Lianyungang to the north bank of the Yangtze River estuary).

For this huge project, Zhang Lun generously agreed, and made Fan Zhongyan the magistrate of Xinghua County (now xinghua city, Jiangsu Province), fully responsible for weir management.

In the autumn of the second year of Tiansheng (1024), Fan Zhongyan, the magistrate of Xinghua County, led tens of thousands of civilian workers from four states to the seaside. However, shortly after the dam body control project began, a storm with snow appeared, followed by a big tide, which swallowed up more than 100 migrant workers. Some officials believe that this is an act of god and the dike cannot be completed. They advocated banning the original proposal and stopping work altogether. When things were reported to Beijing, courtiers hesitated. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, was not afraid of danger and stuck to the weir.

The wind swept the waves and rushed to his legs. The soldiers and civilians fled, and the officials were caught off guard. Fan Zhongyan did not move. He looked at Teng Zongliang, a friend of the same year beside him with great interest. Zong Liang was calmly commenting on a standing levee. Everyone found that they were very calm and calm. Thanks to the efforts of Fan Zhongyan and others, defending the sea and harnessing the weir has been fully resumed. Soon, a long dike stretching for hundreds of miles stood on the beach of the Yellow Sea. The production of saltworks and farmland has been guaranteed since then. A few dry households in exile a few years ago were affected by the disaster and returned home to help the old and bring the young. People are grateful to Fan Zhongyan, the county magistrate of Xinghua, for his achievements, and they all call Hai Yan "Fan Gongdi". Many victims in Xinghua County actually took his surname Fan. Today, Xinghua still has a site of Gong Fan Temple, which is remembered by the elders.

Renzong Tiansheng four years (1026), thank you. Fan Zhongyan mourned with tears and returned to Nanjing to live. Yan Shu, a left-behind official in Nanjing at that time, was well versed in Confucian classics by Wen Zhong, especially the Book of Changes. He invited Zhong You to assist Qi in hosting the educational affairs of Yingtianfu School. Zhong You was granted permission to recommend another young friend, Fu Bi, to Yan Shu.

In order to facilitate his work, Fan Zhongyan moved to school. He made a timetable to guide students to read on time. In the evening, I often go deep into the dormitory to check and punish those who are sleepy. Whenever he gives homework to a life topic, he should write one first, so as to grasp the difficulty of the topic and the focus of writing, and let students improve their writing level quickly.

The style of study of Yingtianfu Academy soon took on a new look. People from all over the world came to study and asked Fan Zhongyan for a career. Fan Zhongyan warmly received these scholars from afar and took pains to hold books and teach. Sometimes, I entertain them with my meager salary, which makes my family embarrassed. The following year, Fan Zhongyan left Nanjing and Sun Xiucai resigned.

In the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028), Fan Zhongyan's mourning period ended. After Yan Shu's recommendation, he was promoted to a captain of the Secret Pavilion, responsible for sorting out and classifying royal classics. The Secret Museum is located in Chongwenmen, the capital of Miyagi. The captain of the secret cabinet actually belongs to the emperor's civil servants. Here, you can not only see the emperor often, but also hear many palace secrets. This is a rare shortcut for ordinary bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty.

Fan Zhongyan once learned some inside information of the imperial court, and he boldly intervened in this sinister political struggle. He found that Emperor Injong was 20 years old, but all kinds of military and political events in North Korea were handled by Empress Liu, who was in her 60s. Besides, I heard that on the solstice this winter, the Empress Dowager asked Injong to kowtow to her in the front hall to celebrate her birthday. Fan Zhongyan believes that family gifts and state gifts should not be confused, and things that undermine the dignity of the monarch should be stopped.

Fan Zhongyan's performance made Yan Shu panic. He was anxious to call Fan Zhongyan and blame him for being too frivolous. Aren't you afraid of bringing trouble to the Lord? Fan Zhongyan used to respect Yan Shu, but this time he refused to give in. He sank his face into his loud voice: "I have been afraid that I can't do my duty, because I was recommended by you and I was embarrassed by you." Unexpectedly, I was convicted of your honest remarks today. " A word made Yan Shu speechless. Back home, Fan Zhongyan wrote to Yan Shu again, defending in detail, and simply went to the next chapter, asking Mrs. Liu to abdicate and strike, and returning the power to Injong.

Instead of answering this question, the imperial court issued an imperial decree, demoting Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and transferring him to Binjiang Prefecture (now Yongji County, southwest of Shanxi Province) as deputy governor-general. The current friend of the Secret Pavilion sent him out of the city, and they all bid farewell. "Fan Jun's trip is extremely glorious!" Three years later, Empress Liu passed away. Renzong recalled Fan Zhongyan to Beijing and sent him to be an official who specially commented on state affairs-You Sijian. As an official, he wrote to make things more fearless.

In the second year of Ming Dow (1033), severe drought and locust plague occurred in JD.COM and Jianghuai areas. In order to stabilize the people's hearts, Fan Zhongyan asked Injong to send someone to rescue the disaster immediately, but Injong ignored it. He asked Injong, "What will your majesty do if the imperial court stops eating for half a day?" Renzong was surprised and ashamed, so he asked Fan Zhongyan to sell the disaster. When he came back, he brought back some weeds to satisfy the hunger of the victims and gave them to Injong and Hou Yuan Palace.

At this time, the prime minister Lu Yitong began to please Queen Liu. After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, he quickly spoke ill of Empress Dowager Cixi. This cunning behavior was once exposed by Empress Renzong Guo, and the post of Prime Minister was also removed. However, Yi Jian's karma in court is still deeply rooted. Soon, he re-entered the phase through the inner servant Yan, and colluded with Yan, hoping to take advantage of the domestic dispute of Renzong to abolish Queen Guo. The young emperor who fell in love with Yangmeiren and Shangmeiren finally decided to abolish the imperial edict, and according to Lv Yijian's premeditated plan, officials were forbidden to participate in the discussion.

Fan Zhongyan is well aware that behind this court housework dispute is a profound and complicated political competition. He and Daofu Kong, who was in charge of picketing, and several other people went to Ahe Palace and asked to meet Injong. They complained to the cabinet for a long time, but no one paid attention: the door of the temple was slammed again by the officials of Simen. Fan Zhongyan and others, with bronze rings in their hands, knocked on gold leaves and shouted through the door, "Why didn't the queen listen to Taiwan Province's advice?" It's no use watching. Everyone agreed to a plan of Ganghuhang, and prepared to leave all the officials after tomorrow morning to debate with Lv Xiang in public.

The next morning, his wife Li took Fan Zhongyan's clothes and repeatedly advised him not to make trouble. He went out and never looked back. Just arrived at the hospital, he was leaked, waited for the imperial court, heard the call of the imperial edict, and was banished to the river to be the magistrate of Zhou Mu (now near Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province). Then, North Korea sent someone to his home to urge him to leave Beijing immediately. Daofu Kong and others, either demoted or punished, survived.

Not many people went to the suburbs to bid farewell this time, but some people raised their glasses and said, "Fan Jun's trip is more glorious!" On the way to Zhejiang, Fan Zhongyan had no regrets, but felt a little unfair: "If you value your father, you must value your mother. If you are a good country, you should be at home first. Go to the end of the world with one heart and ten mouths, and return to your heart! " Some people laugh at him like the unfortunate Qu Yuan, but he thinks he is more like Monk: "Outside Fujiang, people laugh like poets" and "I am idle"!

A few years later, he moved from Zhou Mu to Suzhou, and was transferred back to Beijing because of his meritorious service in water control, and was awarded the honorary title of envoy of Tianzhang Pavilion as the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture. Daofu Kong and others who were demoted together in the past also returned to the imperial court. Fan Zhongyan made great efforts to rectify the bureaucracy in Beijing, get rid of the disadvantages and arrange his work in an orderly way. In just a few months, Kaifeng House, known as the complex drama, was "governed by respecting the Lord".

Fan Zhongyan saw Lv Yijian, the prime minister, open the back door and abuse his personal interests, and North Korea was extremely corrupt. According to the investigation, Fan Zhongyan drew a picture of Baiguan Map in Jingyou for three years (1036) and presented it to Renzong. He pointed out the promotion of the officials listed in the picture and sharply criticized the employment system of the Prime Minister. Not to be outdone, Lv Yijian retorted that Fan Zhongyan was pedantic. Fan Zhongyan wrote four chapters, accusing Lv Yijian of cunning. Lv Yijian even slandered Fan Zhongyan for colluding with his cronies and alienating the monarch and his subjects.

Many people can see clearly the dispute between Fan and Lu. Happened to Lv Yijian wily, good at using the power of the monarch, finally won. Injong is 27 years old and has no children. It is said that Fan Zhongyan once cared about the heir of Injong, and perhaps even talked about setting up a nephew. Although this incident originated from the sincerity and loyalty of the prosperous Song Dynasty, it inevitably hurt Renzong's self-esteem. After being slandered by Lv Yijian, Fan Zhongyan was deprived of his due title and demoted to the magistrate of Raozhou. Later, I almost died in Lingnan.

In order to cater to the will of the Prime Minister, Taiwanese official Han Du asked Fan Zhongyan's colleagues to write a list and hang it on the court. Yu Jin, Athena Chu, Ouyang Xiu and others were exiled to remote places because of their grievances against Fan Zhongyan. Since then, officials in the DPRK and China have held their breath, which is staggering.

Fan Zhongyan has been ill since childhood and has suffered from lung disease in recent years. Soon, his wife Li also died in Raozhou. Mei, a poet friend who served as a county magistrate nearby, gave him a poem "Lingwu Fu" and told him that his many outspoken remarks in North Korea were regarded as ominous crows. I wish him nothing but eating and drinking in the past, just flying high. Fan Zhongyan immediately replied a poem "Lingwu Fu". He replied that no matter how much people hate the crow's dumb voice, I died in Ningming and was born silently!

Around the age of 50, Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) and Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) as the prefect. At this time, a great event shook the whole country and changed his fate.

Fifty-two-year-old Fan Zhongyan was first restored to the post of Tianzhangge, and in a blink of an eye, he was awarded the post of straight bachelor in Longtuge. After Fan Zhongyan resigned from Beijing Renzong, he rushed to Yanzhou. The hardships of his official career made him dye his temples, but his passion for serving the country remained unchanged. Fan Zhongyan personally inspected the front line, and he found that Song Jun's officers and men, war, logistics and fortifications had many shortcomings in all aspects. If we do not reform the military array system and adopt strict strategic defense, it will be difficult to reverse the war.

Fan Zhongyan's strategic defense is not a simple or passive defense measure. When he first arrived in Yanzhou, he comprehensively reviewed the army and made serious downsizing and reorganization. He promoted a number of fierce generals from soldiers and junior officers, and selected many militia from local residents; Strict military training was also carried out. He also banned the mechanical system of going out in the order of ranks, and instead chose the contingency tactics of war generals according to the enemy's situation. In terms of fortifications, he adopted Zhong's suggestion and built a city in Yanbei first. Later, in the war zone between Song and Xia, a fortress was built. For border ethnic minority residents, we will sincerely unite, give generous concessions, and establish strict conventions on rewards and punishments. In this way, a solid barrier gradually stands on the roadside defense lines such as roadside, celebration and Jingyuan.

One day in March in the second year of Li Qing (1042), Fan Zhongyan secretly ordered his eldest son Chunyou and a general, Zhao Ming, to attack the Xixia army and recapture Mapuzhai in the northwest of Gyeongju. He went out in person and set out with a great army. None of the generals knew the purpose of the operation.

On the way back to Gyeongju from Dashuncheng, Fan Zhongyan was relieved. Only his own body, but feel very tired. It's late spring, and the wildflowers on the hillside have just opened. If it were in Jiangnan, it would have been full of flowers.

With the efforts of Fan, Han and others, the border situation has been greatly improved. At this time, there were various crises in Xixia, and there were also many contradictions among the generals of Xixia army. Two years after Li Qing, the number of people who defected from Xixia to Song Dynasty kept increasing. People in Song and Xia Dynasties hoped to stop military operations as soon as possible. The envoys of the two sides also began to secretly travel back and forth between Xingqing House (now Yinchuan City) and the capital of song dynasty. In the fourth year of Li Qing (1044), the two sides formally reached a peace agreement. Peace was restored in Song and Xia Dynasties, and the situation in the northwest turned to safety.

Since Yuan Hao rose up against the Song Dynasty, Song Jun's frontier defense expenditure has suddenly expanded. In order to increase income, the government has to increase the burden on the people. As a result, riots and riots against the imperial court broke out in various places, including near the capital.

During the three or four years in Li Qing (1043-1044), Emperor Injong, who was eager to stabilize the political situation, was particularly cheerful and enterprising. Xia La, Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan, the three generals of the Western Front, were transferred back to Beijing and appointed as the chief and deputy chief of the highest military organ respectively. He also expanded the establishment of the official, and personally appointed four remonstrating officials, namely Ouyang Xiu, Yu Jing, Wang Su and Cai Xiang, which were later called "Four remonstrating".

"Four remonstrations" were made, and Xia Song, who had no military merit, was dismissed, and Du Yan and Fu Bi were replaced as military commanders. The official of the "four remonstrances" made another speech, completely removing Lv Yijian's military and political power. When the "four remonstrances" were stated for the third time, Vice Premier Wang was dismissed and Fan Zhongyan took over. Facing this unprecedented excellent team, Shi Jie was overjoyed. He wrote a poem praising and saying, "Lift Liang Jun and sweep the charm!" ! Preaching sages is like pulling weeds, and a large number of people rise up to exorcise evil spirits, just like cutting chicken feet, which will never last long.

In September of the third year of Li Qing (1043), Renzong urged Fan Zhongyan and others to take measures to change the situation. Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and Han Qi drafted the reform plan overnight. Fan Zhongyan, in particular, seriously summed up the reform ideas brewed in politics for 28 years, and soon put forward the famous New Deal program "Ten Things to Answer Your Hands" and put forward ten reform suggestions. Its main contents are as follows:

(a) Ming, that is, a strict system of official promotion and demotion. At that time, the promotion officials did not ask how to rest and relax, nor did they look at the quality of their political achievements, but only their qualifications. Therefore, officials do not seek merit, but seek nothing, so they follow the trend and do nothing. Fan Zhongyan proposed to assess political achievements, promote people who have made significant contributions and obvious political achievements, and replace guilty and incompetent officials.

(2) Restrain fluky psychology, that is, limit the way to be an official and promote by fluky psychology. At that time, senior officials recommended their children to be officials in Beijing every year. Twenty years later, 20 people from a brother and grandson's family served as Beijing officials. Entering the imperial court one after another in this way not only increased the state expenditure, but also these dude boys did not do their proper work, only knew how to cover up each other, form gangs and seek personal gain. For the sake of national political clarity and reducing financial expenditure, the privileges of senior officials should be restricted and their children should not be allowed to hold important positions in hotels.

(3) Fine tribute, that is, strict tribute system. In order to cultivate people with real talent and practical learning, we must first reform the contents of the imperial examination, change the original Jinshi branch from focusing only on poetry and fu to focusing on strategy, and change the Mingjing branch from only requiring words and phrases to stating the significance and truth of Confucian classics. Only in this way can students be truly talented and practical, and they can truly seek truth.

(4) Selection of the Chief Executive. In view of the fact that incompetent officials at the state and county levels were nine times out of ten at that time, Fan Zhongyan suggested that the court send competent people to various places (supervision and finance departments at or above the Northern Song Dynasty) to check local political achievements, reward competent personnel and recall incompetent personnel; The selection of local officials should be carefully recommended and reviewed to prevent redundancy.

(5) All public areas. Public land, that is, professional land, is one of the fixed incomes of local officials in the Northern Song Dynasty, but its distribution is often uneven. Fan Zhongyan believes that the supply is uneven, how to ask officials to do their duty? He suggested that the court balance their professional income; What is not given in the professional field is given according to the results, so that they can earn enough to support themselves. Then, you can blame them for being honest; People who break the law may also be punished or fired.

(six) thick agriculture and mulberry, that is, attach importance to agriculture and mulberry and other production undertakings. Fan Zhongyan suggested that the imperial court issue imperial edicts, requiring governments and people at all levels to talk about the interests of poor farmland, build water conservancy projects, promote agriculture and benefit farmers, and formulate a long-term system of rewarding people and evaluating officials.

(7) Armament training means armament improvement. Fan Zhongyan suggested that strong men should be recruited near Beijing to serve as guards in Gyeonggi to assist the regular army. These guards spend about three quarters of their time on farming and one quarter on training and fighting every year. The implementation of this system can save the cost of consumables. If this system in the capital is successful, it will be followed by other places.

(eight) to promote the good faith, that is, to widely implement the government's loyalty to the people. If the competent department delays or violates the execution of the Amnesty order, it shall be dealt with severely according to law. In addition, envoys should be sent to all walks of life to check whether various preferential policies that should be implemented are implemented. In this way, the emperor's favor is everywhere.

(nine) heavy order, that is, to seriously and carefully issue court orders. Fan Zhongyan believes that the written law was originally intended to show trust in the people, but it was changed soon after it was promulgated. Therefore, the imperial court must discuss which regulations can be implemented for a long time, delete complex and redundant clauses, stipulate them as emperor's orders and state decrees, and promulgate them for implementation. In this way, the court's orders will not change frequently.

(10) reduce corvee. Fan Zhongyan believes that the number of hukou has decreased, but the people's supply to the government is heavier. Counties with a small number of registered permanent residence are reduced to townships, and embassies and state hospitals of various states are merged into one hospital; The handyman sent by the official department can be assigned to some state soldiers to undertake, and those who should not undertake public office will be returned to the countryside. In this way, people will no longer worry about heavy troubles.

Ten Things about Chen has been written and will be submitted immediately. Song Renzong discussed with other officials of the imperial court and agreed, and gradually released it to the whole country in the form of imperial edicts. Thus, the sensational Qingli New Deal in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty began under the leadership of Fan Zhongyan, and Fan Zhongyan's reform thought was put into practice. Just a few months after the implementation of the New Deal, the political situation took on a new look: the bureaucracy began to be streamlined; Children who used to be officials by family power were subject to many restrictions; In the past, bureaucrats who only talked about seniority increased the procedures for examining performance and morality, and they were promoted with special talents; In the imperial examination, the examination of practical argumentative papers was highlighted; Schools have been established all over the country.

Fan Zhongyan also advocated changing the system of multiple leadership and actual decentralization of central institutions and seriously expanding the real power of ministers to improve administrative efficiency. In order to replace incompetent local officials, he sent many provincial judges to various places. As soon as the inspection report arrived, the name of the officer who stole was crossed out of the class record book. Fu Bi saw him with a book in one hand and writing in the other. He looked like a ruthless judge in Yamaraja, and he advised him: "You are a fish that escaped the net, but the whole family is going to cry!" Fan Zhongyan replied: "It is better for a family to cry than for several counties!"

The breadth and depth of reform are often directly proportional to the resistance it encounters. A large number of old-school bureaucrats began to talk privately. Among the officials of Yushitai, some people attacked some provincial judges-saying "Three Tigers in Jiangdong" and "Four Promises in Shandong". Fan Zhongyan's aides on the frontier line were also secretly investigated and encountered many troubles. Ouyang Xiu and other "four remonstrances" attempted to get rid of these conservative minions and replace them with several Taiwan Province officials. But they soon discovered that there were more powerful people behind Taiwan Province officials. Ouyang Xiu himself was secretly withdrawn by Ming Sheng and left Beijing for Hedong. Fan Zhongyan had a hunch that things were not as simple as Shijie praised: there were many hidden dangers on the road of reform; The future of the New Deal is also in jeopardy.

In the midsummer of the fourth year of Li Qing (1044), Taiwan officials suddenly announced that they had uncovered a major rebellion. Shi Jie and Fu Bi are directly related to this case. Injong doesn't believe this will happen. Stone, rich second, is even more puzzling. However, Taiwan Province officials have a personal letter from Shijie to Fu Bi to testify; There is an intention to depose Renzong in the letter. Shi Jie denied this. Fu Bi was frightened before he could refute this false accusation. In fact, this incident was purely caused by Xia Song. Since he was removed from the post of envoy of the Tang Dynasty and denounced as a "traitor" by Shijie, he secretly bribed his maid to copy Shijie's handwriting. It hasn't been a day since the maid wrote a letter.

The case was raging and rumors were everywhere; Later, it even implicated Fan Zhongyan's sincerity in reform and even had the intention of expanding relative power. Although Song Renzong didn't believe all this, he began to waver when he saw that the force against innovation was so strong. At this time, the Song and Xia Dynasties had formally made peace: the political crisis was basically eliminated. Injong's interest in reform has gradually faded. In order to avoid suspicion, Fu Bi asked to go to the border. Fan Zhongyan also knew that he was boring and took a job to inspect Hedong and Shaanxi.

Premier Zhang Dexiang and Vice Premier Jia Changchao once echoed Fan Zhongyan's New Deal. But in practice, they are obedient and disobedient. When the New Deal was frustrated and the reformers were falsely accused, they immediately defected. After Fan and Fu left Beijing, they simply joined forces with conservative forces to throw stones at Fan Zhongyan and others. And through Taiwan Province officials to create new unjust cases, to eliminate Beijing's innovative figures.

At the beginning of the fifth year of Li Qing (1045), Song Renzong, who had been impassioned and wanted to make great achievements, finally completely retreated. He wrote to give up all reform measures, and Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi were removed from important military and political posts. All kinds of new policies that have been implemented for just over a year have also been banned. The dignitaries and their children inside and outside the capital are still singing and dancing. Fan Zhongyan's painstaking efforts to get rid of graft were wasted in an instant. He was transferred to that state (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province) to be a magistrate, ready to do something good for the birthplace of Fan Zu.

6, for the country and the people, worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world.

This winter, Fan Zhongyan is nearly 58 years old. The cold of the frontier fortress threatened his health, so he was allowed to move to a warmer place, Dengzhou (now dengzhou city), to be the prefect. At this time, Fu Bi has been demoted to Qingzhou (now Yidu, Shandong Province), Ouyang Xiu to Chuzhou (now Chuxian, Anhui Province), Teng Zongliang to Yuezhou (now Yueyang, Hunan Province), and Athena Chu to Yunzhou (now near Gao 'an, Jiangxi Province), and suffered humiliation. Fan Zhongyan applied. Athena Chu was taken to Dengzhou for illness. Athena Chu is dying and extremely poor. He told Fan Zhongyan with a smile: "It is a normal law to be born and die. There are neither ghosts nor fears. "

Yueyang Tower

The origin of Yueyang Tower. After the failure of Qingli New Deal, Fan Zhongyan was exiled to Dengzhou, where he was in poor health. My old friend Teng wrote to him from Hunan, asking him to write down the rebuilt Yueyang Tower and attach a picture of Dongting in late autumn. Fan Zhongyan agreed. In June of the sixth year (i.e.1June of 046), Li Qing wrote the famous Yueyang Tower in Huazhou College in Dengzhou. It shows that although the author is in the Jianghu, worried about the country and the people, and persecuted, he still does not give up his indomitable will. At the same time, it is also an encouragement and comfort to his demoted comrades.

Fan Zhongyan was a pioneer of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He realized the harm of soft writing and clever customs in the early Song Dynasty, emphasized the inheritance of the progressive literary tradition in history, and recommended good works that could adhere to the tradition of appealing to both refined and popular tastes. His own poems also represent the progressive direction of literary creation. His essay aims to clarify the importance of people being the foundation of the country, which is very popular and has the potential to rob people. Yueyang Tower is his masterpiece.

"Yueyang Tower" was sent to Yuezhou, and Knee Zongliang was greatly moved. He immediately ordered a stone to be carved. The two proverbs in my mind-"Worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world", spread like wildfire. Injong listened, can't help but admire.

In the third year (105 1 year), Fan Zhongyan moved to Qingzhou. The cold winter here aggravated his illness. In the second year (1052), he was transferred to Yingzhou, and he insisted on helping the sick. But only in Xuzhou, he died suddenly. At the age of 64. In that year1February, he was buried in Wanan Mountain, southeast of Luoyang, Henan. He was named King Chu and Wang Wei, and Fan Wenzheng's public collection was handed down from generation to generation. At this point, Fan Zhongyan's savings have been exhausted. Poor and sick at home, I only borrowed the official residence to shelter from the wind and rain. The news of Fan Zhongyan's death spread, and the ruling and opposition parties were unanimous in their grief. Hundreds of people from all ethnic minorities, including Gansu and Xixia Liangping, gathered to mourn and fast for several days. Wherever he was in politics, people built portraits of temples for him, and hundreds of people came to the ancestral temple to mourn like their dead father. According to his last wish, the body was not transported back to Suzhou, but was buried next to the land where his mother was buried-under Wanan Mountain, a southern suburb of Luoyang. Fan Zhongyan's actions and thoughts won the admiration of several generations after his death. People with lofty ideals in the past dynasties have followed the example of Fan Zhongyan, a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, and learned to imitate.