What's the joke of Su Dongpo, the literary giant?

In the history of China, I estimate that Su Dongpo made the most jokes and humorous stories between words and deeds in daily life.

Wang Shizhen, a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty, specially compiled Su Shi's humorous quotations into Bian Jie Bian when editing The Biography of Su Changgong. Here are some selected examples:

Seven minutes reading

Qin Changyun said: "Guo Gongfu crossed Hangzhou, wrote a poem, and one axis showed Dongpo. First, he carried his own back, and his voice trembled around. After all, Poe is said to have said,' What are Zheng Xiang's poems? Poe said, "Ten points." Zheng Xiang asked happily, and Poe said,' Seven points is reading, three points is poetry, isn't it ten points? "

I follow the crowd.

Pogong is in Weiyang, and he has guests one day. More than a dozen people are celebrities. Mi Yuanzhang was also present. Halfway through the wine, Bird suddenly boasted to himself: "The whole world is crazy about me, and I hope the quality children will look forward to it." Gong smiled and said, "I follow the crowd."

Lexical theory

When Dongpo heard that Gong Jing's Zi Shuo was newly written, he said in a play, "It's a blessing to whip a horse with bamboo, but I don't know how to whip a dog with bamboo. Why are you laughing?" The male asked again, "Is there any evidence that the word' pigeon' has changed from' nine' to' bird'?" Bo Yun: "The poem says:' The pigeon is in the mulberry, and its son is seven years old.' And Ye and Niang, exactly nine. "Male readily listen to it, over time, only to realize its banter.

Don't leave poems.

When Mr. Wang was in Huangzhou (Huangzhou), every time he gave a banquet, he was as drunk as a fiddler and did not hesitate to talk to people. As for prostitutes, it is also common to fan books and take pictures. With Richie, Xiaohui is quite familiar with letters, and Poe is also very happy. Never received a gift from the public. Move to your county, go to your ancestors, offer you wine, and then beg for books with scarves. After reading it for a long time, the public made Qi Mo Yan, and Mo Nong took a big book: "Dongpo lived in Huangzhou at the age of seven, so what's the point?" Is to throw a pen and hold hands and laugh with the guests. Sitting with the guest, he said, "Words are like everything, but you can't finish the article. Why? " I'll take back my tools and I'll ask you again. Poe smiled and said, "I almost forgot to show up." Following the book cloud: "Just like Du Gongbu in Xichuan, Haitang leaves no poems." As soon as I sat on the clapping festival, I broke up with joy. Which is better, real money or silver?

Su Dongpo's jokes and jokes are recorded in the works of Song people. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Su Dongpo has been regarded as the source of humor by novelists, and his name has been invented, interpreted and attached to many stories. There are many jokes and jokes between Su Dongpo and Su Xiaomei, and between monk Fo Yin.

What is certain is that some jokes that were circulated later are not necessarily the original and prototype of Su Dongpo. However, judging from Su Dongpo's own poems, especially Dongpo's Zhi Lin, he is indeed a very humorous person, and his witty remarks are rare among literati in past dynasties.

Then, we can't help asking: Why is Su Can Dongpo so humorous?

Maybe some friends will say: This question is very simple, because Su Dongpo is brilliant and cheerful.

I think there are three reasons besides talent and personality:

One is courage. The imperial examination in the Song Dynasty had very strict rules on the use of words and allusions. Su Shi, on the other hand, dared to make up the dialogue between ancient sages in the paper (saying "kill three" and Yao saying "kill three"). You know, if the examiner finds that it is not a classic work, there is only one ending for him, and that is: falling out of Sun Shan. One candidate was almost disqualified by the examiner who only knew that "strategizing" came from Hanshu and didn't know that "strategizing" came from Historical Records because he used "strategizing" instead of "strategizing" in his thesis. It can be seen that when Su Shi was young, he was very bold in language. Later, he was accused by Luo Zhi of satirizing powerful people in his poems, and spent time in Dali Temple Prison, a royal prison. Cai Jing's son, Cai Taize, also said in the book "Talk about Tiewei Mountain" that Su Shi liked to "insult talented ministers" and give them nicknames after he entered the DPRK as an official. The only person Su Shi dared not make fun of was Sima Guang. Once I went home after arguing with Sima Guang about politics, took off my coat and repeatedly shouted, "Sima Niu! Sima Niu! "Brave, plus he likes to have his own ideas, and his stomach is out of place. Su Shi will naturally say a lot of sarcastic remarks about dignitaries.

The second is sensitivity. Su Shi once wrote a poem "Children's Play": "Everyone raises a clever son, and I was delayed by cleverness all my life. I only hope that this child is honest and honest, and there is no disaster and no difficulty in reaching the public. " The word "smart" in the poem should mean "sensitive" in addition to "brilliant". There is no doubt that Su Shi is an extremely sensitive person. Otherwise, he could not have made such outstanding achievements in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting. Just because he is sensitive, he is full of inappropriateness, ridicule and abuse. Su Shi himself knows this, but his nature is like this, and he has his own principles of life, so he can't always change it. He once said: "I secretly care about the country and love the people, and regard myself as a small official. I just like to usurp the court affairs, and I have been convicted repeatedly for this, but I am destined by God and cannot change it." ("Debating Jia Yi's Book of Waiting for Punishment") once said: "History has seen the world with words all his life, and also suffered from words ... So he often wants to burn pen and ink to rest people, but his habits are not exhausted." Humor is probably a panacea for the ups and downs of Su Shi's life, and it has a significant anesthetic effect.

The third is public relations. Su Shi was a brilliant literary star in Song Dynasty. Wherever he goes, a group of people who love poetry surround him and follow him. "Dongpo Zhi Lin" records his visit to Lushan Mountain, and there is a saying: "I have seen monks and customs in the mountains, and they all say,' Su Zizhan is here!'" "Surrounded by lively scenes, as today's first-line idol artists. Su Shi is a man full of enthusiasm for secular life, and also a man who can take things as they are. Whether in officialdom or in carnival, he can laugh and feel at ease. Although Su Shi had a bumpy career and suffered from displacement all his life, he always lived in the crowd. Therefore, for Su Dongpo, humor is not only a popular virtue, but also an invincible skill.

I said three things because of Su Shi himself. If we enlarge our vision, we can't help but say that the reason why Su Shi is so humorous, laughing and cursing is directly related to the relative freedom of speech in the Song Dynasty and his royal ancestral teachings of not killing literati indiscriminately. If I had lived in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, I am afraid Su Shi could not have been so outspoken.