On "Children's Imitation Behavior"

[ Moral education should be based on the development of children's socialization ]

The cultivation of moral education should start with the cultivation of children's socialization, which is a process. A person who is ignorant of biological individuals learns to assume social roles through learning group culture and gradually enriches himself, thus forming his personality, integrating into society and becoming a member of society. This process is socialization. Children's socialized learning is mainly about learning to communicate with people, with society, and learning to treat people and behave in a standardized way. With the universal formation of the one-child structure in China, the living environment of young children is increasingly superior, and the material conditions are extremely rich. Young children are "like stars holding the moon" at home. They don't need to take care of their younger brothers and sisters, let alone share food and toys with others. Living in an atmosphere of love, I feel loved everywhere, and parents rarely need them to give and pay. However, this special social environment and family structure is not conducive to the formation of children's good personality. As a result, they become self-centered, have no other people, only know how to take, do not know how to return, and lack a sense of responsibility for others and society. Doing a good job in the education of the only child is not only the guarantee and premise of family happiness, but also a responsibility entrusted to us by society.

How to carry out moral education for children, educate children to get along with others correctly, establish good interpersonal relationship between children and their peers, and gradually make children learn to take on social roles while being cared for by adults and peers, so as to strengthen their sense of responsibility and mission to others and society, and make them grow up to be useful talents to society. This is an urgent problem to be solved in our current preschool education.

There are honest, kind, deceitful, hypocritical, true, good and beautiful, false and ugly, colorful and strange things in society. Teachers and parents should be good at grasping typical examples in life and educate children at any time and place. Let children distinguish right from wrong, learn by example, and behave in a standardized way, and sow the seeds of love and morality in their young hearts. Because imitation is the main means of learning in early childhood, the education of kindergarten and family plays a decisive role in the development of children's social socialization. Parents are the first teachers to carry out moral education for children. The key to the socialization of children lies in family education. Family is the cradle of society, and parents must set an example for their children with good moral cultivation and personality quality. For example, there is a lively and lovely little boy in my class, who was brought up by his grandparents. He is stubborn, willful and exclusive. As long as he doesn't like it at least a little, he will < P > hit his teachers and children and throw toys all over the floor and often lose his temper. After entering the park, the situation has been greatly improved through the training and education of kindergarten teachers and the close cooperation of parents. Just as we were pleased with the success of education, the child fell ill and was taken back to grandma's house for aftercare. More than 2 days passed, and the child returned to kindergarten and changed as before, and the situation was repeated. Investigating the reasons, we know that grandparents mistakenly believe that "children can't be educated too honestly, and honest people in today's society suffer." The teachers were shocked and sad at the same time. This example represents some people's world outlook and outlook on life. It is not difficult to see that in order to educate children well, we must first improve the quality of the whole people and the psychological quality and moral standards of parents of young children. Because family education is actually a process in which parents and family members socialize with their children. If parents are not socialized, can they educate their children well? The behavior of family members who are close to the ink has a subtle influence on the formation of children's personality and psychological quality. Can a child's socialization be improved in such an environment? We believe that children's socialized development is itself a moral quality education, and it is also the earliest and longest moral education. Parents and teachers should be duty-bound to shoulder the heavy responsibility of socialized cultivation of young children, live up to their mission, and cultivate the flowers of the motherland into pillars of the 21st century.

How to create a good language environment for children

To create a good language environment for children, we must enrich their lives. Because life is the source of language, only a rich life can provide a good environment for a rich language. Therefore, in education, we should create a colorful living environment for children, increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons, deepen their knowledge and understanding of the surrounding things, promote their thinking development, and cultivate their good oral expression skills.

first, master the rules of children's language learning, and carry out training and training in a planned way

(1) Develop children's language through direct perception

Children's language learning should be closely linked with the real people, things, nature and social phenomena around them. Through the direct perception of various senses, listening, seeing, touching, touching, tasting, smelling, etc., we can acquire all the knowledge around us and then develop children's language. The development of language improves children's cognitive ability, while the expansion of cognitive scope and the deepening of content enrich children's language. Therefore, we should pay attention to the combination of the development of language communication ability and cognitive ability. According to the characteristics of children's intuitive perception, create conditions for children, enrich life content, understand the world in practice and develop children's language. Teachers can take students to observe flowers and trees on campus to let them know about flowers and trees and improve their interest. Planting and caring for flowers and plants not only enriches knowledge, but also cultivates sentiment, so that children can fully feel the beauty of nature and its various changes. Children's life is rich in content and their thinking is broadened. Let them use their hands, brains and mouths to enrich knowledge and develop language in children's direct perception.

(2) Developing children's thinking ability in language education activities

Language is closely related to thinking. The main function of language in thinking activities is to participate in the formation of thinking. Without language thinking, it is impossible, and the results of thinking activities must be expressed in language. The development of children's thinking ability and language ability are synchronized, and the process of children mastering language is also the process of thinking development; The development of thinking promotes the development of language's conception ability, logic ability and language expression ability.

The traditional mode of language education in kindergartens is "injecting", which is because children learn languages by "listening" and imitating "speaking" after listening. Children recite some children's songs, poems, stories and other literary works, but how to use and develop children's creative thinking is not considered much. In the process of early childhood education, we should adopt various forms to develop children's observation, memory, imagination and thinking ability. In cultivating children's basic ability to use language communication, we should not only let children have the ability to imitate language, but also learn to draw inferences from others. They will fill in the original language examples and express new meanings, so as to have oral expression ability. For example, when the teacher attended "I make clothes for the moon", a child asked, "Why doesn't the moon have a suit?" In order to cultivate children's thirst for knowledge, they said, "Yes! Why? " The teacher advised children to observe the changes of the moon every night. After a period of observation, the teacher asked the children to talk about how the moon changed. The child said, "Sometimes it looks like a small hook, sometimes it looks like a boat, and sometimes it looks like a semicircle ... Because it is always changing, there is no way to make clothes that fit it." In the actual observation, children draw a conclusion and enrich their knowledge. In practice, children use their hands and brains to develop their attention, observation, analysis, comparison and judgment. Educate children to keep active and positive emotions about things around them, make them eager for knowledge, love to think, find and ask questions, and make correct judgments and generalizations from the relationship between things, thus developing children's cognitive ability and language ability. In addition, in language education activities, we should pay attention to adopting comprehensive educational means to achieve educational goals better. For example, after telling the story of "Little Tadpole Looking for Mother", the teacher asked the children to make a set of story characters with plasticine and various natural objects: frog, tadpole, goose, goldfish, turtle and so on. After doing a good job, let children talk while demonstrating, which deepens children's memory and understanding of the story and mobilizes children's enthusiasm, creativity and imagination in learning. In language education, let children learn to be active and lively, and develop their creative thinking.

Second, let children see more, listen more, speak more and practice more

Only when children really learn to speak and express their wishes in correct sentences can they communicate freely with others, and at the same time, they can better accept the knowledge and experience taught by adults. In education, teachers should purposefully enrich children's life content, increase children's knowledge, broaden children's horizons and cultivate children's various interests. Let them know that there are many unknown things in the vast nature, and inspire children's desire for knowledge. Guide children to observe carefully, analyze and think carefully, expand and deepen their knowledge and understanding of the surrounding things, and develop their oral expression ability.

(1) Read more

In the teaching process, teachers should lead children to observe directly in a planned way and create more conditions for children. Use intuitive and vivid methods to arouse children's interest in learning. For example, before telling children the story of "spring", tell them: "Spring has arrived, and there have been some changes in trees, weather, people, flowers, grass and small animals. "As soon as you see these changes, you will know that spring has arrived. Look around and see what changes have taken place in spring, and tell you later." After the children go home, they carefully observe and search. When the teacher finishes the story, she asks them, "Besides the changes of trees, grass and small animals in the story, how do you know that spring has arrived?" Children speak actively according to their own observation and judgment, personal experience. The child said, "The swallow flew back; Mother frog has a baby-a tadpole; Grass sneaked out of the soil; Spring is here, and we can fly kites. " And so on, children have listed many experiences in their lives, and children are very interested.

For example, when teaching children the word "colorful", take them to the beautiful flower bed and show them what colors the flowers have. Children watch and say, "Red, yellow, white …" Let children count how many colors there are. They counted several kinds while counting, and the teacher told them, "The flowers are really beautiful, and the colors are really beautiful." Children immediately understood the meaning of words, and when they went to another flower bed, they reflected themselves: "How beautiful these colorful flowers are!"

Picture books are children's spiritual food and a favorite literary form. Its vivid and lovely image, bright and beautiful colors are deeply loved by young children. If you want to play the role of books, you also need specific guidance from teachers and parents. It's not enough to buy books for children, but also to teach them how to read. Children don't understand the meaning of the book and can't get good results. If you use the following methods to guide children to read picture books. First, teach children how to read books, get a set of pictures, ask children to read the numbers first, or arrange them in order according to the plot, then find out the main characters in the book, remember their images, observe their movements and imagine what they are doing. Associations are combined into stories. For example, Hedgehog Tree is composed of six paintings. Let the children find each picture in order. After reading (1) and (2) ... The second step is to let the children see who is inside. The third step is to show children what they are doing. What happened? After reading it, please tell the story according to your own understanding and imagination. In this way, although children don't know a word, they can see the content in the picture and tell it according to the content of the picture, which not only enriches their knowledge, but also develops their language expression ability.

(2) Listening more

Cultivating children to listen attentively is a prerequisite for developing children's expressive ability. When children learn a language, they must first learn to listen, listen accurately and understand, and then they can imitate-speak correctly. Storytelling is the basic method to introduce literary works to children. Because children can't read, they are listeners of literary works. To introduce illiterate children into the literary world, we need to find someone to tell them, so that they can listen carefully and achieve the purpose of education.

The environment for children to actively create listening can be varied. Such as listening to recorded stories for children and listening to stories told by others; Invite children to talk, listen to each other and talk; Lead children to listen to a variety of sounds: the sound of musical instruments, the sound of animals … Let children imitate, imagine and tell what the sounds they hear seem to be saying. Let children listen more, in order to develop the ability to listen and distinguish the surrounding sounds, develop children's auditory organs, and strengthen the analysis of the sound structure of language. Cultivating children's good listening habits requires children to listen, understand and listen carefully without interrupting others, which is also a manifestation of civilized habits.

(3) Speak more

In order to develop children's expressive ability, we should not only develop children's listening ability, but also cultivate children's speaking ability. We should create a "speaking" environment for young children, practice speaking in speaking, and make use of every opportunity to talk with young children in daily life, so that they can feel free and willing to speak out. When children's language is inappropriate, teachers should correct it in time.

Teachers should make good use of children's scattered time such as coming to the park, after meals, playing games and leaving the park, and talk with children in a planned and purposeful way. In the conversation, teachers and children are easy to communicate emotionally, and the relationship can be closer. Children are willing to tell the teacher anything. This plays a positive role in developing children's language ability and forming a correct attitude towards things. When organizing children's collective learning, teachers should pay more attention to inspiring children's enthusiasm for learning and overcome the teaching method that teachers say children listen. We should also overcome the practice of letting others speak well and not letting others speak badly. Encourage children to say it doesn't matter if they are wrong, the teacher will help. Teachers should pay attention to giving every child a chance to "speak". Children learn a language by "listening" and imitating "speaking" after listening. Therefore, we should create a "speaking" environment for children, so that children can practice "speaking", learn "speaking", and learn from speaking.

(4) Practice more

The task of developing children's language expression ability is mainly to cultivate children's correct pronunciation, clear articulation, enrich children's vocabulary and use it correctly. Teach children to speak according to Chinese grammar rules. These contents must be learned and mastered in language practice. This requires children to practice more, practice repeatedly, and gradually master it. Provide opportunities for children to practice more and create an environment for more practice. Children's pronunciation is not accurate. Teachers and parents should pay attention to correct and practice in time, so they can master it quickly and speak it well. Children often speak sentences that are not in line with the language structure, such as: "Teacher, I want a book, you little fool." The teacher should correct it and say, "Teacher, I want a book of little confused gods." And let the children say it twice. In this way, children will gradually speak. Another example is "teacher", where children often say "Lao Xi", and so on. Where children use inappropriate words, the teacher will correct them and let them practice repeatedly. Children learn language mainly by imitation, so we need to take pains to let children practice more.

Third, teach children polite language and cultivate good language habits

Politeness is people's moral code and the rule of getting along with others. Politeness includes two aspects: one is polite behavior, and the other is polite language. The combination of the two can give people a kind of humble and civilized, respectful and polite, natural and graceful goodwill. A person's moral cultivation, ideological outlook, cultural level and social identity can be reflected from his words, intonation and manner. Politeness also reflects a nation's mental state. Therefore, the ceremony