What are the hazards of spitting?

There are some microorganisms in sputum, such as epithelial cells, mucilage filaments, dust particles, elastic fibers, white blood cells, red blood cells, bacteria, viruses, fungi and so on. And some necrotic tissues destroyed by pathological changes, such as necrotic cell fragments, pus, blood, secretions, etc. Therefore, spitting is not a trivial matter.

Healthy people should not expectorate, only when they have respiratory diseases. Generally speaking, gray-white sputum is common in diseases of early upper respiratory tract infection; White foam-like mucus and phlegm are more common in patients with bronchitis, emphysema and asthma; Yellow purulent sputum proves that there is bacterial infection in bronchi or lungs; Yellow-green purulent sputum is more common in patients with lung abscess, bronchiectasis and severe pulmonary tuberculosis. And a large number of black sputum is more common in coal silicosis patients. Of course, this is not absolute. Some patients suffer from two diseases at the same time, or may have phlegm of different properties at different stages of the disease. Normal people occasionally spit out one or two black sputum because of inhaling a lot of dust in the air, which has no clinical significance. Don't be too nervous.

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very small, about 4 microns long and about half a micron wide. Tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the air, that is, when a patient with bacteria discharge (also known as an open patient) coughs, the droplets ejected carry tuberculosis bacteria and spread to healthy people. Then there are tuberculosis patients spitting everywhere, and the tuberculosis bacteria in the sputum are attached to the dust, and the sputum flies with the wind after drying, causing infection opportunities. Someone tested the sputum in public places and found that 3% ~ 6% of the sputum contained mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In the sputum of patients with open tuberculosis, more than 65438+ 10,000 mycobacterium tuberculosis can be found per milliliter, which is really "a little sputum, a thousand bacteria".

The vitality of mycobacterium tuberculosis is very strong, and mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum can survive for 7 ~ 8 months in dark and humid places. Some people spit phlegm on the ground, afraid of not looking good, so they rub it on the ground with their feet, so that phlegm and dust can be mixed together and dry faster. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum sticks to dust. When sweeping the floor, vehicles passing by or windy, the mycobacterium tuberculosis in the dust will rise with the wind and float in the air. People who inhale tuberculosis in the air are prone to get sick, especially children with weak resistance to tuberculosis, and are more susceptible to infection. It can be seen that spitting is the bane of tuberculosis infection.

So, what other diseases will spread through spitting? Besides tuberculosis, other respiratory infectious diseases and some systemic diseases, such as colds, flu, tracheitis, pneumonia, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria and upper respiratory infection, can also be transmitted to healthy people by coughing and spitting.

Spitting everywhere will not only infect diseases and endanger people's health, but also destroy public health, uncivilized and immoral, and affect the national reputation. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang was sent to Britain as an ambassador. He vomited on the carpet and was circulated as a joke. I hope there will never be such a joke again.

Entering the 2 1 century, as modern people, we should be civilized, healthy and law-abiding. For the health of you and others, please don't spit everywhere. Otherwise, harm others and yourself.