Why is Song Renzong called an "official" in the TV series "Qing Ping Le"?

In the TV series "Qing Ping Le", Song Renzong is called "Guan Jia" because Guan Jia is the nickname for the emperor.

However, to be honest, I was happy when I saw the guards and court ladies in the play calling Song Renzong "official time" without any problem.

Why? Because when the emperor is walking in the court, or in all formal occasions such as court affairs, festival etiquette, etc., as a minister, subordinate or even slave, it is impossible to call the emperor an official. Therefore, a serious drama has occurred. The "I'm drunk too" joke.

Guanjia is indeed a surname for the emperor. In the explanation of "official" in "Cihai", the first meaning is: "the title of the emperor." However, although it is a title for the emperor, not everyone can call the emperor that way, and it is not allowed in all situations. Called the emperor.

Through searching the book "History of the Song Dynasty", I found that in the "History of the Song Dynasty" written by the emperor with more than 5 million words, all the conversations with the emperor in formal occasions and all the letters to the emperor were useless." The only titles used to refer to the emperor with the word "official" are emperor, your majesty, etc.

In the above-mentioned conversations during the court's handling of government affairs, the emperor was either addressed as the emperor or as his majesty. Of course, there were also times when the emperor was addressed, but no title was found. "official" example. It can be seen that in formal occasions in the court, the emperor would not be addressed as "official".

So, on what occasion and what can the emperor be called an official? Here are a few examples:

Based on the information retrieved from this website, we can sort out a little bit about how to call the emperor under what circumstances, and how to call the emperor by whom - of course , this is limited to the Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty:

1. When the court discusses matters, ministers write letters, and during the conversation between ministers and the emperor, the emperor is generally called: emperor, majesty, or emperor, holy master, etc.;

2. Service personnel such as servants, servants, and clerks should not call the emperor "official". If they do, it may be considered disrespectful;

3 Only the emperor's close relatives, family members, elders, such as the empress dowager and empress, and in family life and private occasions, would call the emperor "official family".

Therefore, those who do not have a direct clan relationship with the emperor may not dare to call him this way. In "Qing Ping Le", those around him, as well as Prime Minister Yan Shu and other officials, all call Song Renzong this way. It is inconsistent with history.

Of course, there are times when these people can call the emperor "official". Ministers talk about the emperor in private, and attendants sometimes mention the emperor when communicating with attendants. The emperor was called "official", but this was only limited to informal occasions when the emperor was not present. Such situations were relatively common in the unofficial histories of the Song Dynasty and were extremely unusual.

Official title is the honorific title given to the emperor by his subordinates.

Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the official family has had the meaning of emperor.

At that time, Qin Shihuang took one word from each of the titles of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" and called him "Emperor" to show his great achievements.

The official family of the Song Dynasty came from the "Three Emperors Officials All Over the World, Five Emperors' Family All Over the World", taking "official" and "family" respectively to form the "official family", which is similar to "emperor".

The emperor is called the "Son of Heaven", and he governs the world on behalf of heaven. He is selfless and treats all people in the world equally.

Song Renzong ruled the world with benevolence and filial piety, and his officials must be very happy to call him an official.

Why is Song Renzong called an official?

We have two main questions.

First, does the official family already exist, or is it something else.

Second, what does the official title of the Song Dynasty have to do with history and the emperor himself?

The use of "official" to refer to the emperor is found in "Book of Jin Shi Jilong Zai Ji":

Hu Sansheng commented on this record in "Zizhi Tongjian·The Third Year of Xiankang of Emperor Cheng of Jin Dynasty": "The Western Han Dynasty called the emperor a county official, and the Eastern Han Dynasty called the emperor a country, so they were called both. Or. Said: The five emperors govern the world, and the three princes govern the world, so they are called both.

In addition to being a title for the emperor, the original meaning of "official family" could also be for the public family.

Bai Juyi's poem "Blue Stone":

And his "Xixing County":

1.

First of all, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin, who rebelled in Chenqiao, was surrounded by soldiers and became emperor, so he did not have the legitimacy and rationality to rule

To win the world, you must first win the hearts of the people, and if you want to win the hearts of the people, you must first win public opinion. Calling him an official in this way shows that he is in a relatively upright position and is a real official, not a fake one. This is reasonable and legal, and is very conducive to the rule of the people in the conquered areas.

2.

Secondly, the emperor should not only have legitimacy, but also should have a virtuous status and a high reputation to match.

Jiang Ji's "The Theory of Ten Thousand Opportunities" during the Cao Wei Dynasty said:

The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors are the most famous and virtuous sages in China. If you have both, you will be an official. This is similar to how Qin Shihuang took the title of emperor with "the virtues of the three emperors and the merits of the five emperors".

In fact, it means that the emperor of the Song Dynasty was fair and selfless, wise and selfless in love, and complied with the will of God, which further strengthened the legitimacy of the emperor and the public opinion basis for the throne.

3.

In addition, the emperor of the Song Dynasty had three precepts

The Song Dynasty ruled the world with culture and gave considerable respect to the scholar-officials, so the scholar-officials were also willing to serve the emperor of the Song Dynasty It is the official family (that is, the public family, the only orthodox family).

4.

Of course, from the perspective of today’s people, the title Guanjia is relatively approachable and does not have the feeling of huge status gap as “I”. The emperor’s calling himself Guanjia also seems to be He is very humble and considerate of everyone, and respects other officials with a sense of relative equality.

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"Qing Ping Le" is launched. Why is Song Renzong called an "official" in the play? In fact, it has profound meaning.

In the past two days, Noon Sunshine’s annual drama "Qing Ping Le" has officially started airing. The first few episodes mainly talk about the relationship between Song Renzong in his youth and the Queen Mother Liu E. The main contradiction Naturally, it is about the issue of Renzong's biological mother. But when watching the drama, I wonder if anyone felt strange about the title "official family"? In general costume dramas, we see the emperor calling himself "I". When ministers and other ministers see the emperor, they either call him "Long live" or "Your Majesty". What is the name of this "official family"?

"Qing Ping Le" by Song Renzong

1. The long-standing official family

If you look through the literature, the word official has a relatively long history. However, the meaning of this word at first did not refer specifically to the emperor, but to the public, that is, the government. For example, in Xun Yue's "Han Ji" at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there is a saying that "the benefits of the official family are better than those of the three generations, and the tyranny of the powerful is crueler than the Qin Dynasty." The official family here obviously refers to the imperial court of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty

The first person to refer to the emperor as an official is Shi Sui of Later Zhao during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. "Book of Jin" records a conversation between Shi Sui and his minister Li Yan: "It's hard to call an official family, I want to do something outrageous." The official family here refers to Shi Sui's father Shi Hu, probably It means that Shi Sui wanted to follow the old example of the Xiongnu Maodun Chanyu and killed his father and rebelled. It can be seen that calling the emperor an official may have been influenced by some habits of ethnic minorities.

Later, through the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were sporadic references to the emperor as officials in handed down documents, but most of them were not very formal titles, similar to what we see in "Qing Ping Le" That situation is different. It can be seen that by the Song Dynasty, the use of the word "official family" had undergone some changes.

2. "Guanjia" is no longer just an official and a family

The emperor of the Song Dynasty began to use the term "official family" with Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin. Su Shi's good friend Wang Gong's notes "Hearing and Seeing Recent Records" recorded a story about Song Taizu that was circulated at that time. Let's just say that Taizu Chen Qiao rebelled and later took over the world. Some of the old brothers who fought together were unable to turn around and didn't realize that the eldest brother was already the emperor. So one time when he was on a trip, Song Taizu beat them and said: "There is no one here. If you want to be an official, you can kill me." The official here naturally refers to the emperor. In fact, Song Taizu was reminding these old brothers to pay attention to the difference between monarch and minister. However, considering the context of speaking at this time, the official usage here is not too formal.

Song Taizu

The word "official" officially became exclusive to the emperor, probably starting from the period of Song Taizong. In the literati's notes of the Song Dynasty, several conversations between Song Taizong and literati officials were recorded. Taizong probably asked: "You all call the emperor Guanjia. What does the word Guanjia mean?" Then the officials replied: "The three emperors govern the world, and the five emperors govern the world, so the emperor is called the official family."

Song Taizong

"The three emperors govern the world, and the five emperors govern the world." This is Song Taizong Later, the interpretation of the word "official" was gradually established and recognized by people. But as we said before, the meaning of the word "official" in literature was not like this in the early years. As a civil servant who could answer the right questions in front of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, which one of them was not extremely knowledgeable? Don’t they know the original meaning of the word “official”? Therefore, the focus of this story of questions and answers between emperors and ministers is not to explain what the official family is, but to determine what the word "official family" should be.

I heard that this is related to Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin. After Zhao Kuangyin was "yellow-robed", he was a general of the previous dynasty. He felt that it was inappropriate to call himself "Zhen" like the previous emperor, so he thought of the title "Guan Jia".

Moreover, there is a record in "Book of Jin Shi Jilong Zai Ji": "It is difficult to call an official family. I want to do something unexpected, will you follow me?" "Zi "Zhi Tongjian·Jin Cheng Emperor Xiankang Three Years" quotes this article, Hu Sansheng notes: "It is first seen here that the emperor is called the official family. In the Western Han Dynasty, the emperor was called the county official, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor was called the country, so they were called both. . Or it can be said: the five emperors govern the world, and the three kings govern the world, so they are called both.

It is because the emperor wants to be selfless, so it is called the "official family". The so-called "three emperors govern the world." "Five Emperors Family the World", a wise emperor has no personal love or private wealth. The emperor governs the world on behalf of God, and all the people of the world should be treated equally by the emperor.

As early as the Five Dynasties period, the official family began to refer to the emperor, but it was not very mature, and because dynasties changed frequently, there were many names, and the popularity was not high, so it was rarely mentioned. . It was not until the Song Dynasty that it was officially written into historical records as the nickname of the emperor.

Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" gave a formal explanation of "official family", that is, "the three emperors govern the world, and the five emperors govern the world", which is similar to the word "emperor", and each has its own To take one word, it means "official family". This name contains the expectations for the emperor. Since the emperor represents heaven and governs the world, he should take the world as his own responsibility, love the world selflessly, and treat the people of the world equally. Only in this way can he be called a wise monarch. After the Song Dynasty, when the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties ruled China, and then during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the title "official family" became less common for the emperor. Therefore, "official family" became a unique title for the emperor in the Song Dynasty.

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