China Classical Literature Traveling Around the World

1. Confucius traveled around the world. When Confucius was fifty-six, he took part in governing the country for three months, which made the country in good order.

So that "Qi people are afraid of it" and think that "Confucius must be in charge". This shows that Confucius' ability to govern the country is by no means an armchair strategist, but very practical.

"Falling into the three capitals" caused a strong antipathy to the Third Ring Road, which led to a strong rejection of Confucius. Moreover, Confucius' achievements aroused the envy and worry of Qi, so he alienated the internal relations of Lu, and at the same time sent 80 beautiful women, "all dressed and danced' recreation', more than 30 people." Lu readily accepted, ignored the state affairs for three days, and ignored Confucius' attitude. Confucius knew that the plan of governing the country could not be implemented, so with a heavy heart,

When Confucius first arrived in Weiguo, he treated him well and gave him a salary of 60 thousand millet according to Lu's standard. But because someone slandered Wei Jun, Confucius was afraid of being convicted and only went abroad for six months.

On the way there, he was surrounded by Kuang for five days because of misunderstanding. Confucius encouraged himself with the descendants of culture and finally got through the difficulties. After that, a few months later, he returned to Weiguo and stayed with Chi.

Wei Linggong's wife Nanzi summoned him, but Confucius had to see him, which caused Luz's unhappiness. After more than a month, Wei Linggong and his wife were driving in the same car, and Confucius' car was behind the eunuch. Confucius lamented that "I have never seen the good virtue of a good lover" and was deeply ashamed, so he left Weiguo.

Confucius and his party went from Cao to Song, but Sima Huan failed. When he arrived in Zheng, he was separated from his disciples and was ridiculed as "a lost dog."

When he arrived in the state of Chen, "when he was three years old, he must strive for self-improvement and take Chen's place." When Confucius left the state of Chen, he was blocked when he passed by. The Pu people threatened Confucius and said, "If you don't defend your country, we will let you go."

So Confucius made an oath with the Pu people, but Confucius thought that the oath under coercion was not protected by the gods, so he went to defend his country. This shows that Confucius is flexible.

When he arrived in Weiguo, Wei Linggong was very happy. He greeted him in the suburbs and asked him if he could cut up. Confucius said yes, but Wei Linggong didn't cut it after all. Confucius said, "If you are useful to me, it only takes one month and three years to succeed." However, Wei Linggong never used Confucius, so Confucius had to leave the country.

The Buddha's rebellion was also called Confucius, and Confucius wanted to go again because Lutz stopped him. However, Confucius said, "How can I tie a gourd if I don't eat?" I wanted to see Zhao Jianzi again, but I didn't go because "a gentleman is afraid of hurting his class".

I went to Wei again and asked how to deploy. Confucius said that he had only learned "the cowpea thing", not "the army thing", and refused to answer. This does not prove that Confucius really did not understand military affairs.

Just because Confucius didn't want to say it at that time. Because he didn't pay attention to Confucius, Confucius went to Chen.

After Wei Linggong's death, Confucius was sixty years old when he became king. Lu Ji was seriously ill and asked Ji Kangzi to take Confucius back after his death. However, Ji Kangzi listened to Gong Yu's words, instead of recalling Confucius, he used Ran Qiu, a disciple of Confucius.

The following year, Confucius went to Cai (later Chu). Next year, it's Ye.

Shen Zhuliang, the minister of Chu, is in Yecheng, namely Ye Gong. Ye Gong admired Confucius, but he didn't fully understand Confucius.

When Confucius returned to Cai from Yecheng, he met several hermits. Chang Ju, Jie Yu, He Guo and later Chu Jieyu all advised Confucius to be a hermit, but Confucius' active salvation did not waver, indicating that he just wanted to change the chaotic world at that time.

Cai Sannian, Wu defeated Chen, and Chu came to save Chen. I heard that Confucius was between Chen and Cai and sent someone to hire Confucius. Chen and Cai were afraid that Confucius' visit to Chu would endanger them, so they besieged Confucius. Confucius believed that a gentleman must uphold his integrity under any circumstances, so he was still a string singer.

It was not until Zigong arrived in Chu that King Zhao of Chu sent troops to meet Confucius. King Zhao of Chu wanted to give Confucius a 700-mile place, but Chu made Yin Zixi worry that Confucius would be like that, and it would be bad for Chu to dominate the country.

So King Chu Zhao didn't do it. It can be seen that people think that Confucius has the heart to be king, so they have always been on guard against him.

Confucius' frustration cannot be said to have nothing to do with this. In addition, Confucius once said: "If there is no king of literature, what about literature?" ? Heaven will lose sven, and the latecomers will not be sven; God has not lost his grace, how can people give! "(The Analects of Confucius Zi Han) said," If you are useful to me, what about the Eastern Zhou Dynasty? " ("The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo") Therefore, it is no wonder that Chu Lingyin's son hopes to have this suspicion.

I'm afraid Confucius really has the intention of implementing the policy of king and benevolence for political reasons. At the age of sixty-three, Confucius returned to Wei from Chu. At this time, many disciples of Confucius were officials in Weiguo, and the monarch of Weiguo also had the intention of appointing Confucius. Confucius advocated that politics should start with "correcting the name" and should not give up the principle.

But if you want to "clear your name", it will be difficult to keep the throne of the patriotic monarch. It is conceivable that a patriotic monarch would not agree. In seven years, Lu held a meeting with Wu, and Lu was forced to give Wu a "hundred prisons" gift. Fortunately, he borrowed Zigong to negotiate temporarily, and Lu was not humiliated. The following year, Wu attacked Lu again, and Confucius disciples made contributions.

Ji Kangzi therefore thought that Confucius' disciples were really useful materials, so he sent someone to Weiguo to invite You Ran back. Later, You Ran led troops to attack Qi for Ji Kangzi, and Ji Kangzi asked where he learned the art of war. You Ran said that he learned it from Confucius. This shows that Confucius is well versed in military affairs.

So Ji Kangzi decided to recall Confucius and use it. At that time, Confucius asked Confucius about his combat strategy, and Confucius refused.

Just as Ji Kangzi greeted Confucius with rich gifts, Confucius returned to Shandong. Confucius was sixty-eight years old.

2. Who knows the story of Laozi riding a green cow to go through the customs? Write down that Confucius traveled around the world and said that Lao Tzu rode a green cow to pass the Hangu Pass. When he left a 5,000-word "Tao Te Ching" for the prefect in Hangu, an old man with a good face who was over 100 years old waved to the mansion to find him. I met the old man in front of the mansion. The old man gave me a little gift and said, "I heard that Mr. Wang is knowledgeable and versatile." The old man is willing to ask you. " The old man proudly said, "I am 106 years old this year." To tell the truth, I have wasted my life since I was a child. People my age died one after another. They have cultivated 100 acre of fertile land, but there is no place. They built the Great Wall of Wan Li without a canopy, but they built four houses and ended up in a lonely grave outside the wilderness. Although I didn't build a brick or tile, I still lived in a house sheltered from the wind and rain. Sir, can I laugh at their busy life and just let themselves die early? " Hearing this, Lao Tzu smiled faintly and said to the prefect, "Please find a brick and a stone." Laozi put bricks and stones in front of the old man and said, "Xian Weng, if you can only choose one, do you want bricks or would you rather take stones?" The old man proudly took the brick and put it in front of him and said, "Of course I choose the brick." Lao Tzu smiled and asked the old man, "Why?" The old man pointed to the stone and said, "This stone is not dull and has no edges and corners. What is the use of taking it? " ? But bricks are needed. "Lao Tzu greeted the onlookers and asked," Do you want stones or bricks? "Everyone says they want bricks instead of stones. Laozi turned to the old man and asked him, "Is the stone longevity or the brick longevity?" The old man said, "Of course it's a stone." Lao Tzu smiled with relief and said, "Stone has a long life, but people don't choose it. Bricks have a short life, but people choose them. It's just useful and useless. Everything in the world is like this. Life is short, but it is good for people. Everyone chooses it and everyone thinks about it. Not short. Although life is long, people are useless to heaven. Heaven and man abandon it and forget it suddenly, and the length is short. " The old man suddenly felt ashamed. This is the story above. The following original source: Liu Xiang's "Fairy Biography" records that Laozi went through the customs: "After the decline of Zhou De, he went to Daqin and crossed Xiguan. He ordered Yin to wait to meet him and know the real person. He is a powerful envoy. Guan Ling Yin Xi saw a purple gas floating through the customs, but Laozi passed by Qingniu. " (Sima Zhen's "Historical Records" quoted "Biography of Immortals") Laozi's theory of green cattle going through customs has a great influence. In the eyes of future generations, Laozi is an old man with drooping ears and white hair and beard, but full of energy and serene demeanor, living in seclusion next to Qingniu. In the painter's "Lao Zi's Going through the Customs", "Lao Zi's Biography" said: "Lao Zi Xiu De's learning is based on ignorance. After living in Zhou for a long time, he died when he saw Zhou's decline. At the crucial moment, Yin said,' My son will hide, so he will write a book for me.' So Lao Tzu wrote a book from top to bottom, said more than 5 thousand words of morality, and he left. "That's all.

3. I have a feeling after reading Confucius Traveling Around the World that the story of Confucius Traveling Around the World is mainly about Confucius.

I believe everyone knows Confucius. Confucius was the first great thinker and educator in the history of China.

He was born in Shandong and his father died when he was three years old. It is said that Confucius loved etiquette since childhood, studied hard and was particularly familiar with ancient etiquette.

At that time, all scholars had to learn "six arts", that is, he was proficient in etiquette, music, archery, driving, writing and calculation. Confucius worked very hard and became famous.

Later, he engaged in education, set up a private school, recruited more than 1000 students and took them around the world. After reading this story, I admire Confucius very much.

First of all, Confucius loved etiquette and studied hard since childhood, which had a great influence on his life. I admire it and it's worth learning.

We must be polite. People who are impolite are like barbarians, and sometimes they may make some jokes. Especially in grand banquets or ceremonies, you must know the book and know the ceremony, and you can't attend to one thing and lose sight of another.

So etiquette is very important. Confucius is the founder of Confucian school. Confucius is the founder, because he is brave in innovation, and he teaches seriously.

I admire his unconventional and innovative spirit. Without Confucius' originality, we wouldn't have learned so many manners. It is precisely because Confucius devoted his life to education that this knowledge has been passed down to this day.

Books such as The Book of Songs, Shangshu and Chunqiu compiled by Confucius are the so-called "national quintessence" that we should learn today! It was he who first promoted the development of education! China's culture is profound. As the old saying goes, learning to be excellent is an official, learning to be excellent is an official, and learning to be excellent is an official. We should learn from Confucius, the master of Chinese studies, and absorb the nutrition and essence of China culture.

4. The main content of traveling around the world in Historical Records During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius led students to study in various vassal countries. Because Confucius was a conservative, he was incompatible with the hegemony of the princes at that time and was often given the cold shoulder.

Once Confucius was separated from his disciples, and Confucius was in a daze by the east gate. Zi Gong asked the Zheng people where Confucius was. Zheng Guoren said that there was an old man standing in a daze by the east gate like a lost dog.

In the second year (Confucius was 59 years old), Confucius left Wei, passed through Cao, Song and Zheng, and went to Chen, where he lived for three years. When Wu attacked Chen, the war broke out and Confucius left with his disciples. When the Chu people heard that Confucius had arrived at the junction of Chen and Cai, they sent someone to meet him. The doctors of Chen and Cai knew that there was something wrong with what Confucius did, and they were afraid that Confucius would be reused in Chu, which was not good for them. So they sent laborers to surround Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, not relying on the village in front or the shops behind. After eating all the food they brought, they were deprived of food for seven days. Finally, Zigong found the Chu people, and Chu sent troops to meet Confucius, so that Confucius and his disciples were saved from death.

Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful. Confucius began to travel around the world from Shandong, and generally visited Wei, Cao, Song, Qi, Zheng, Jin, Chen, Cai and Chu.

Now the general route is Qufu-Heze-Changyuan-Shangqiu-Xiayi-Huaiyang-Zhoukou-Shangcai-Luoshan, and then return by the original road. From the age of 55 to 68, Confucius spent more than ten years traveling around the world with several of his closed disciples.

According to the road map marked in The Historical Atlas of Confucius, Confucius traveled around the world, Confucius traveled around Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai and Chu. Not few, but mostly small countries in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Chu is a big country, but Confucius only reached the border of Chu. Confucius also planned to go west to Jin, but because the times were not smooth, he just felt some emotion on the edge of the Yellow River. "beautiful! The water is overwhelming, the mountain is not good, and life is also husband! " In the end, I didn't even cross the Yellow River.

The main content of Confucius' travel around the world is in 497 BC, spring and March, and spring is beautiful.

This is a season full of hope, but Confucius has to leave the country where his parents gave birth to him and raised him. In order to maintain his lofty personality, Yishui sought new opportunities in politics, and sang a great song after another.

Surrounded by his disciples, Confucius began his 14-year global travel career. For Lu, he is full of love and hope. He once said, "As for Lu, as for Lu, as for Tao."

(Yongye) "Tao" refers to "Tao in the world" in the Western Zhou Dynasty. He thought that Lu was better than Qi Guoqiang, and with a little change, he could plan for the Western Zhou Dynasty.

During his political career for several years, he devoted all his enthusiasm to restoring peace in Lu and reviving the cause of Duke Zhou. Even if you can't be a politician, living in seclusion in Shandong is a pleasure.

A clear wave of water, a dancing breeze, and two or three fellow travelers all deeply made him linger. Once upon a time, it was not for anger. He picked up the rice being cooked in the pot and resolutely left without looking back ("Chasing West Xi"); Now, Lu is not like this. When he left, he walked slowly and looked back step by step.

I stayed at the border of Shandong for three days to express my memory of my parents. The first stop for Confucius and his party to leave the country was Weiguo.

Weiguo is the vassal state of Wei Kangshu, the younger brother of Duke Zhou. Confucius said, "Lu Wei is in charge, and so is his brother." There are also benefits of "changing lanes".

Historically, Weiguo was located in the west of Lu, and it was all in Diqiu (Puyang, Henan). Historically, Weiguo was a powerful country with 80,000 armored soldiers, but it went from bad to worse in the Spring and Autumn Period.

During the reign of Wei Linggong, there was some peace because of proper employment, stable political situation and rich people. As soon as Confucius stepped into the territory of defending the country, he was attracted by the bustling crowd there and expounded a set of political theories of "being an official, being rich and teaching".

"The Analects of Confucius" said: A son is born when he is fit, and a servant can run (drive). Confucius said, "What a dense population!" You Ran said, "What's the point?" Say, "Rich."

He said, "If you have money, why bother?" Say, "teach it." (Luz) When he came to Diqiu, Wei Linggong gave Confucius a high courtesy and let him enjoy the wealth of his superiors.

However, Wei Linggong was not a great king. His affection for Confucius is only out of the good name of "loving the virtuous", and he is not really interested in Confucius' theory. Confucius paid more attention to ceremony than punishment, but asked about war; Confucius despised women, but his queen Sao Nan recruited Confucius. What made Confucius particularly uncomfortable was that Gong Ling took Nan Hou and eunuchs in the first car and let Confucius take the second car to parade around the city.

Confucius was only disappointed with him, and sighed, "I have never seen virtue as lewd." But in contrast, among all the monarchs visited by Confucius, Wei Linggong was the most fond of Confucius. Therefore, when Confucius was at a disadvantage in other countries, he always returned to defend the country, which gave Confucius the most warmth. He went in and out several times and stayed there the longest.

In addition to defending foreign countries, Confucius has also been to countries and regions such as Kuang, Pu, Chen, Cao, Zheng, Cai and Chu, and met with more than 70 people. But the situation is not ideal, and sometimes it is even very embarrassing and dangerous.

As soon as he came out of the country of Wei and arrived in Yi Kuang, Confucius was surrounded by Yi Kuang like a tiger. Yanghu once invaded the Kuang people, and Confucius looks a bit like him. Li is stiff all over, which is ridiculous.

Just after going through Yi Kuang and coming to Puyi, I was surrounded by Puyi people. Fortunately, the disciples struggled hard and fought our way out of danger. Confucius went to Cao again and refused; When he went to the Song Dynasty, he just performed a ceremony under a tree. Because Confucius criticized him before, Huan, the minister of Song State, came to tear down the tree and expressed his disapproval.

When he arrived at Zheng, his disciples all ran away, leaving behind his luggage. He stood alone outside the East Gate. Zi Gong asked around, and someone told him, "There is a man outside the East Gate, with a cheek like Yao, a neck like Zi Chan and shoulders like Zi Chan.

Just like Yu's lower body However, it's more like losing a family. "

The implication is that Confucius flaunted the ancient sages and sages, but no one appreciated them, and finally lost his life. In the state of Chen, Mr. Chen asked Confucius many allusions and praised Confucius for his learning.

But Chen is weak and is being invaded and carved up by other big countries. Confucius' theory only emphasizes ceremony and shows ceremony in peacetime, and inspires people's kindness and kindness through education, but he can't do anything about this scene.

Therefore, the creed of his trip is: "If there is danger, there will be no chaos." (Taber) This stormy state is certainly not a place for Chen Lai to stay for a long time, so it headed south to find Cai.

Between Fang and Fang, Confucius was surrounded by a group of people. For seven days in a row, I ran out of food and grass, and I was seriously ill and couldn't get up. Finally, with the help of King Zhao of Chu, he got out of trouble.

King Zhao Chu invited Confucius to seal Confucius with the land of the bookstore, but before Confucius and his party could be happy, Yin Zixi's opposition was ignored. I have no choice but to return to Weiguo and wait for the opportunity to return to China.

Confucius traveled around the world for more than ten years, and walked on the Wan Li Road. After going through difficulties and obstacles, he hit a wall everywhere, but he was still extremely confident and unwavering. He said, "It is better to know than to be happy."

(Yongye) He learned the six arts and knew the destiny, and then formed his own political ideal and moral personality, which is "knowledge"; Seeking opportunities to promote ideas is "good"; In the process of searching, even if you hit a wall everywhere, you are not discouraged. This is "joy". Confucius once described the situation when traveling and said, "Anger leads to forgetting food, pleasure leads to forgetting worries, and I don't know that old age is approaching."

His spiritual images of "kindness" and "happiness" show that no matter how sinister the environment is and how heavy the blow is, he is full of confidence and never flinches. I even enjoy it, preaching and teaching.

Disciples are surrounded by Kuang, and they are anxious. He said: if there is no text, the sky will lose its grace, and later generations (referring to themselves) will not smell it; God has not lost his grace, how can people give! "(Zi Han) in the Song Dynasty, he forced Huan to say," Born with virtue, Huan is like a child! "(Uncle Er) The most touching thing is that when he was trapped in Cai Chen, his disciples were hungry and sick. Confucius looked delicious, but he still taught and said things, and the sound of string songs was endless. Lutz said angrily, "Even gentlemen are poor (desperate)? Confucius said, "A gentleman is poor, but a villain is poor! Then he asked Luz, "This poem says,' Bandits and Tiger Brothers led him into the wilderness.

Isn't my way evil? "Lutz replied.