The reaction of several poets after the change of manna: Why did Bai Juyi gloat?

Tang Wenzong was sad to hear that many officials were punished, but he was helpless. Today, he is basically completely under the control of eunuchs. I can only lament the sadness in the deep palace.

The eunuch was so arrogant that he took revenge and killed countless people in Beijing. The eunuch Tian Quancao even threatened: "When I enter the city, all those who serve Confucianism will be killed!" People are afraid, people are miserable. Finally, Zhao Yi, one of the buffer regions, let Liu Congjian (the son) go to the stage and accused the eunuchs of killing indiscriminately, so that the great ancestors could restrain themselves.

After the nectar incident, Bai Juyi, who lived in Luoyang, the capital of the East as a guest of the Prince, heard that his old colleagues and family in Chang 'an went to the charity ceremony together to eliminate evil and write a poem:

Fortune is unpredictable, and most of them leave early like prophets.

When Jun Bai Shou returned to Japan together, it was time for me to go to Castle Peak alone.

Gu Suo Su Qin was at a loss, remembering that it would be difficult to chase a yellow dog.

Kirin is like a turtle dragging its tail in the mud.

-"Made in1999 1 1 month 2 1 day"

Obviously, this white old man who retired to the second line of politics has been heartbroken. Now that he sees that those who came from behind in the past all died in the end, it is inevitable to show off his cunning of leaving early and his wisdom of saving our health.

Soon, Bai Juyi wrote "That is, this matter is heavy" to show his ease and leisure in Luoyang after the tragedy:

Thick fur, warm hat, wide felt shoes, small pavilion, low window and deep furnace.

Do Xijing courtiers know that they are still awake?

The intrigue and intrigue of officialdom has turned this honest and selfless talent in his youth into such a humble and cold-blooded old political animal, which makes people shudder.

Between sightseeing and drinking and having fun, the white old man hugs several underage girls in the Nuange every day, and puts a pear tree on Haitang, "drinking, singing and chatting." Of course, in addition to gloating, there are also fears and fears, and there are also rejoicing that they escaped from the political whirlpool in Beijing in time:

Look at Luo Song today, look back and sigh at the world. Glory is as urgent as water, and sorrow is greater than mountains.

You will know happiness when you are in trouble, and you will love leisure when you are busy. I've never heard of caged birds. They fly out and come back.

-"Looking at Luo Song with a Sigh"

It seems that philosophy is chic, but in fact it is snobbish and greedy.

Under the influence of "ideology", most of Bai Juyi's poems compiled after the 1950s are "concerned about the country and the people", but they are actually just the tip of the iceberg in Lao Bai's poems. Moreover, when Bai Juyi's poems are mentioned in various textbooks and literary biographies, there must be two vulgar big lace: one is that the old woman can explain them, and the other is that they are widely spread to Japan and other countries-the old woman can fully explain Bai Juyi's brilliance, just as the great poet Kitajima would never boast that Uncle Wang, who sells vegetables at the door, likes reading him. "Widely circulated in Japan and other countries" is also a joke. These poems are simple and vulgar. At that time, Japan was remote and savage, and Bai Juyi was the most literate. Even if you ask any of the poems of Japanese university professor Li He now, few people can study their profound metaphorical meanings. In addition, just as American blockbusters and music can go deep into small places like Kiribati or barris today, Bai Juyi's poems were not "brilliant" at that time. In fact, the poetic styles of Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi are the "Yuanhe Style" of "shallow vulgarity". Rising stars Li Shangyin, Du Mu and others are deeply saddened by this poetic style and want to wash away the vulgarity and naivety of "Yuanhe Style" with their "lofty" poetic style.

As a veteran of officialdom, Pei Du, compared with Bai Juyi, is also ups and downs to avoid disasters, but rarely shows the taste of schadenfreude. Old man Pei broke the city of sorrow with wine. Between poetry and prose, he only revealed his seemingly leisurely mood, and there was no hidden smile or bitterness:

Have a good meal, sleep slowly and fry a cup of new tea.

Take off your towel and sit on the rope bed, and the wind will send water to your ears.

-"Sleeping in the Cool Pavilion"

Looking at Pei Du's poems after the "manna incident", it is obvious that this man is much kinder than Bai Juyi.

Pei Du

That's what old people do. In contrast, Li Shangyin is still in high spirits. The 24-year-old young poet immediately wrote down "two feelings" after the "manna incident", feeling wronged and feeling the current situation:

one

Nine clothes return to Yuan, and three souls are Ye Ruitu. How to be a mistress, beg for forgiveness?

What's more, when the car cries, it often goes down to the temple because of fatigue. He Cheng plays with clouds, always to destroy them.

If you catch Fu Shumi, you will lose your life. Surprisingly, I respected Han Xiang, but I didn't distinguish Hu Xiao earlier.

Ghost division, the military department takes pictures. If you dare to cry in the clouds, you will blame Lu Hong.

Secondly,

Singles are still playing, and the court is still fighting. When Lu Zhi was in danger, he began to regret using Pang Meng.

The imperial war closed the front hall, and the soldiers returned to the city. Pale yellow five-color stick, covering up a Yang Sheng.

There was a wise king in ancient times, and there is no shortage of years today. Su Xin is not easy, but this move is too nameless.

Whoever is wrong would rather swallow his own heart. I heard about the birthday party recently, and I don't waste salty English.

Li Shangyin's Two Feelings

In "feeling? First, in the first four sentences of the poem, the poet praised the wisdom of the literati, took Yuan Shao (Yuan Benchu), He Shu and others as the secret code for killing eunuchs, and compared Li Xun and Zheng Zhu to "primitive people", saying that they were careless and finally caused the death of courtiers; In "What's the matter" four sentences, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was in the same car as the official, and Aang's admonition meant that Zheng wanted to help educated scholars to eliminate eunuchs, but the "nectar change" failed and the minister was killed by thieves. In the four sentences of "Zheng was arrested", Li Xun was compared to the most enlightened figure-Hanwang. When Rainbow Yan was in the Western Jin Dynasty, he used the villain Zheng Zhu, and eventually all the ministers were implicated and killed together. The last four sentences, between heaven and earth, the atmosphere of terror is pervasive, and hundreds of officials are recorded in ghosts.

"Feeling? Second, the first four sentences describe the bloodshed in the palace, which is like a battlefield. They are compared with those in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Pang Meng, suggesting that literati are not allowed to judge people, instead of removing castration by good ministers, and appointing Li and Zheng to do this great thing; The sentence of "Imperial War" means that the incident failed. Cao Mengde killed the five-color stick close to the eunuch, which not only failed, but also blocked ZTE's hope; The four sentences of "Ancient Existence" still talk about Zheng and Li acting suddenly and recklessly; The last four sentences lament that Wang Ya and other ministers were killed in a muddle, but the music used for the emperor's birthday in the palace recently still copied the ancient songs of "Fairy Pool" and "Liu Ying" (referring to Shao Yunle selected by Wang Ya), which is sad.

This poem by Li Shangyin is almost obscure to modern people. In fact, at that time, people with a little cultural accomplishment could see the meaning of poetry like a mirror, and the young poet's indignation and sense of justice were full of vitality, which could be said to be the boldest work in that dark period. In the dark, this poem is valuable.

Soon, Zhao Yi invited Liu Congjian to the table twice, expressing indignation at the innocence of Prime Minister Wang Ya and others involved in the murder. Hearing this, Li Shangyin wrote a song "Re-feeling":

Jade curtain tooth flag upstream,

Security must be * * * main.

Dou Rongbiao has reached the right.

Tao Kanjun should be a stone.

Are you worried about the dehydrated dragon?

No more eagles and high autumn.

Cry at night, cry at night,

Sooner or later, the stars turn off the snow and cry?

In the first four sentences of the poem, Dou Rong in the Eastern Han Dynasty compared Liu Cong, who supported the army, to an admonisher, and encouraged him to stand up and share his worries for the emperor. At the same time, he also wanted to raise an army, like Tao Kan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to lead the rebel Su Like Jun and destroy the eunuch forces. In the last four sentences, the poet wrote indignantly: The emperor lost water like a dragon. As a fierce servant, can he not share the main worries? I hope that Liu will take immediate action to remonstrate, so that both the living and the dead can resolve grievances and remove the eunuch ban entrenched in the palace. Courtiers and people will surely wipe their tears and dance. This poem is full of hope and anger, which shows the feelings of young poets to save the country and serve the country with their fists.

Li Shangyin, a gifted scholar, has a good life. In troubled times, I don't say anything, and I am in the midst of a "dispute between cows and plums." He stumbled all his life and accomplished nothing. From the bloodline, he and the Li Tang royal family are members of the same clan, but they belong to a distant branch, and they have been running around with their father since childhood. In the third year of Emperor Wenzong's Daiwa (AD 829), Li Shangyin happened to meet Bole: Tianpingjun once, which made Gu Chu appreciate the poet's talent and became his staff. But in the seventh year of Daiwa, the poet went to Beijing to take the exam, so he had to work as a clerk in Iowa. In the second year (AD 837), Gu Chu's son made great contributions to Gu Man, and Li Shangyin finally became a scholar at the age of 26. The following year, Li Shangyin was appointed as his staff by Wang Maoyuan and married his daughter, which became the beginning of his life. Wang Maoyuan belongs to the "Li Party" politically, which makes the orphan father and son belong to the "Niu Party". Li Shangyin's move was regarded as "thin and useless" betrayal. Later, when he was appointed as the county magistrate of Hongnong, he offended his boss and had to hang up and leave. After Tang Wuzong succeeded to the throne, the Li Party took power. Originally, Li Shangyin had a great turn for the better, but her mother died of illness that year and she had to leave her job according to the ceremony. When he finally had a chance to return to North Korea, he collapsed and came to power, chasing after Li Dang-pin, leaving him alone. Naturally, the poet is in an extremely embarrassing situation. Helpless, he can only be invited by party member of Li Party and Zheng Yazhi, an observer in Guangxi, to be a staff officer in Guilin. "Dongting Lake is evil, but I envy Yang Zhu for crying", which is a portrayal of the poet's grief and indignation at that time. After more than a year in Guilin, the poet's life was basically calm. However, Zheng Ya was soon demoted because of some things, and Li Shangyin lost his dependence. After returning to Chang 'an, the poet who had no choice but to have the cheek to look at your lonely man had to make up for Dr. Taichang. I finally got an official, and my wife died of illness. Strike after strike, God is so unfair to talented people. After six years of high school, Li Shangyin, who was disheartened, went to Zizhou as a clerk, "deliberately being a Buddha" and was disheartened. Six years later, the poet died with a grudge.

After the "change of nectar", another important poet Du Mu also had feelings, but his attitude was completely opposite to that of Li Shangyin. Du Mu, who had been wandering outside at that time, had just entered Beijing to supervise the country. Just when Li Xun and Zheng Zhu were in full swing, Du Mu was disgusted and afraid of them. Soon, Li Gan, his good friend and colleague, was demoted to Sima Fengzhou by Li Xun, which made Du Mu even more indignant. Gas to gas, hate to hate. Du Mu, who is in the political whirlpool, is already a modest gentleman in officialdom. There was no poetry to express his position at that time. A few days later, he went to Luoyang to be an official and escaped the bloody robbery of the "Mana Incident". If he were in North Korea, he would be killed by eunuchs in the chaos.

More than ten years later, Du Mu ridiculed Li Xun and Zheng Zhu in a low voice in his "Thirty-three Rhymes of Emperor Wen in Past Dynasties", saying that "foxes are full of empty white forehead and owls crow at dusk". For eunuchs, the Du Mu family dared not mention it, and even alluded to it.

Du Mu and Li Shangyin are equally famous, and later people call them "Little Du Li". Du Mu's life, like Li Shangyin's, is also a wanderer, with a good official career, and the reason is the same-entangled in the "dispute between Niu and Li".

Du Mu has a distinguished family background. "South of the city, Dewey, go to Wu Tianchi." In those days, nine families in Wei Ruyun were killed. Because the Du family lived next door, Du Quhe came together, and "Du family died in chaos". Du family was also regarded as Wei family, and was killed by soldiers in vain. Du Mu's family had eleven prime ministers in the Tang Dynasty, and his grandfather Du You was also a portrait of the Three Dynasties. However, due to the early death of his father, Du Mu's adolescence experienced a change of "heaven and earth", "eating wild Artemisia, cold without night candles". Your children, once reduced. However, Du Mu is eager to learn and make progress. Not only is he good at literature, but he also studies the art of war hard, preparing for practical use and showing his talents. In "The Book of" xianggong "last week", Du Mu's literary talent is vividly displayed, and he is definitely a talent.

Two years after Taihe, Du Mucai was appointed as a school bookboy. The poet was unwilling to remember the chapters and sentences, and entered the shogunate of Niu Sangru, our envoy in Huainan, and unexpectedly became a member of the "Niu Party". In the nearly ten years of shogunate career, Du Mu was not as depressed as Li Shangyin. On the contrary, he is extravagant and unrestrained, drinking and having fun all day: "Where people are, they are home, and a hundred flowers are golden." Your son's bad habits are exposed.

Du Mu escaped the change of Ganlu, and then went to Beijing to fill the vacancy in the fourth year of Kaicheng (AD 839). Because of the political darkness, the poet was silent and lonely, and he also advised people that "Mo Yan's fame and fortune are personal enemies". A little generosity is also a romantic review of the past: "I dreamed of Yangzhou for ten years and got the name of a brothel."

After Tang Wenzong's death, Li Deyu became prime minister, and the Cattle Party members fell in succession, but Du Mu was not greatly affected. What's more, Du Li and his family are family friends. Li Deyu's father Li Jifu is also Du You's family. Li Deyu also appointed Du Mu's younger brother Du You as his chief of staff. Both of them are born in halls, and their natural relationship will not be very bad. Nevertheless, due to the close relationship between Du Mu and Niu Monk and Confucianism, Li Deyu Huichang did not reuse this talented poet when he was in power. In addition, because Du Mu offended Li Deyu's good friend Li Shen (who was also in North Korea at that time), he was quickly released to Huangzhou.

This Li Shen is not others. He wrote two famous poems about farmers:

At noon in summer, the sun is very hot, farmers are still working, and beads are dripping into the soil.

It's hard for anyone to see the Chinese food on the plate!

In spring, as long as you sow a seed, you can harvest a lot of food in autumn.

There are no idle fields in the four seas, and farmers starve to death!

The same person is also the origin of "commonplace" allusions. This senior official who wrote poems in his early years and worried about the country and the people in his later years is a cliche in his later years. He gave a banquet in honor of the poet Liu Yuxi, and sent a beautiful singer to persuade him to accompany him at the dinner. For this reason, Liu Yuxi sighed with emotion: "It is common to be nosy and do nothing in Jiangnan."

It can be seen that it is one thing for intellectuals to write poems, and their personalities and behaviors are completely different.

After Tang Wuzong succeeded to the throne, Li Deyu was ousted, the "Li Party" lost power and influence, and the "Niu Party" returned to the DPRK in succession. Du Mu was embarrassed because Li didn't persecute him very much when he was in office, and he didn't appear on the list of * * *. In addition, because his brother is the Li Party, the Niu Party also sent him to Zhou Mu, a more remote place, as a thorn official.

In desperation, Mutu wrote to Bai Minzhong, then Prime Minister, touting the "Cattle Party" and viciously attacking Li Deyu, which was very unkind. Bai Min didn't respond, but a noble hand was teaching him. Zhou Yong, the prime minister, transferred him back to Beijing as foreign minister of Sixun.

When he really returned to North Korea and the political center, Du Mu was soon disappointed and lamented that he was in "hot water". Although he later became an official and showed great importance, he was depressed and died of depression soon. Life is ups and downs, "half sad and half sad."

Let's talk about Emperor Wenzong again.

After the change of "Ganlu", Tang Wenzong completely lost power and was subject to eunuchs. "Although he enjoyed the banquet and Chen Yingting, he never got rid of his face. Idle or linger, or sigh alone. "

Once, he chatted with Zhou Yong, a bachelor on duty, in the brainstorming hall and asked, "Can I compare with the former emperor?"

Zhou Yong, a civil servant, naturally said politely, "Your majesty is as wise as Yao and Shun."

Literati wry smile. "How dare I compare with Yao and Shun? I asked Ai Qing just to know how strong I am compared with Emperor zhou yun and Emperor Han Xian? "

Zhou Yong was shocked, and all his glasses fell to the ground: "How can those two kings of national subjugation be compared with your majesty!"

Wenzong shook his head and sighed, "Emperor zhou yun and Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty were subject to various ministers, and now I am subject to domestic slaves and eunuchs. With this statement, I am not as good as the second emperor! " At the end of the speech, the emperor wept bitterly and felt extremely wronged.

In 839 AD, four years after the "Mana Incident", Tang Wenzong, who was sick, was also poisoned by eunuchs at the age of 33.

At that time, I learned that Emperor Wenzong had died, and the poet Li Shangyin had a poem "Ode to History" to mourn Wenzong:

Looking at the countries and families of the sages of the past, they turned from frugality to extravagance.

Why should amber be a pillow? Pearl is a car!

If you don't meet Qinghai horses far away, it will be difficult to pull out the snakes in Shushan.

Several people sang songs in the south in advance, and finally Cangwu cried for Cui Hua.

This poem does not satirize the extravagance and waste of literati, on the contrary, the poet is full of regrets between the lines. Tang Wenzong was thrifty all his life and tried his best to use his talents, but he was "poor in luck" and misused villains, which backfired. Finally, he was killed by "domestic slave" medicine and died unjustly.