How do senior mechanical engineers view the mechanical environment in China?

What is the general environment of China's mechanical environment? Maybe everyone will say "not so good", "big but not strong" and "powerful country". Faced with this question, I feel very scared, but I have to answer it. Although the problem is big, the reason is unknown. Only when everyone contributes their own ideas can the reason be clearly stated. Welcome the gold powder to express their views in the gold powder exchange circle, or you can reply to us directly.

I agree with the news that China's manufacturing industry is "big but not strong", but it is not enough to stop at these four words. How to become strong? I think it is necessary to analyze the root of the problem in depth, have scientific methods, have executable plans, have assessable results and accumulate.

The following are some general impressions of China's manufacturing industry. Try to go deeper with you.

1. The quality of China's manufacturing industry is not good.

Please tell me, why is the manufacturing industry in China bad? I think it is difficult for most Chinese and foreign engineers to make it clear at once. In the eyes of foreigners, this problem has become a reserved position, just like the shock absorber spring comes out, no matter what it does, it is a shock absorber spring. I feel the whole manufacturing industry in China is itchy, but I don't know where to scratch it.

Let me express my humble opinion. Where is the itch?

First itch: standard deviation.

Some standards are acceptable translations of western standards. There are quite a few, based on the revision of western standards, which belong to private waste. Most of them are the same as western standards, but they have changed their size. Producers have gained the reputation of "not copying", but they can't mark the equivalent objects and can't replace them, which brings a lot of unnecessary extra work to users. You know, as factory engineers, engineers in China have been miserable. They should know not only the metric system, but also the English system and the American system. Do you know that your own standards should be better?

What's more, copy ASME or other standards, and finally indicate that "this standard shall be based on ASME xx, and if it is unclear, please refer to ASME xx". How can you convince others if you don't respect yourself?

The standard deviation is also reflected in the low quality requirements. The quality requirement in the standard is actually a control tool. If you raise the requirements and increase the assessment items, the level threshold of related products in the whole industry will rise. If your requirements are low and your execution is relaxed, the overall quality will be out of control.

I don't want to talk about cross talk, but it may still be related to the system. GB is not dominated by institutions with national background, but directly formulated and released by a government department. There will be some problems. Who will evaluate the quality of standards, the market or who? Who will promote the updating of standards, and where does the motivation come from? If * * * productism is always practiced, it is no wonder that the standard deviation is always poor.

Two itching, lax quality control.

Standards cannot specify all aspects of manufacturing. NCR (Nonconformity Report) in the factory may be available at any time. So, how to deal with it in the factory? It is impossible, costly and unscientific to completely scrap. It is impossible to recycle all the products, and the products can not be used. What needs to be reported and what can be reused. What must be scrapped must be controlled in the factory with corresponding specifications. I have seen that many factories in China are not principled and are in a fog, and their quality is definitely unstable.

There is also the certification process of suppliers, which is the decisive link to ensure the quality of outsourced products. There should be a very serious process for the certification of lower-level suppliers, which is the responsibility of the expert team. What I see is that many factories just want to see how strong people are. This is a problem.

On the one hand, the quality of personnel is the reason. To engage in manufacturing, we still have to assume that human nature is evil, and the system is the only way for a hundred years.

2. The manufacturing cost in China is not necessarily low.

There is an idea that the manufacturing industry in China is lower than that in the west. Actually, it's not. When it comes to raw materials, the castings and forgings in China are not necessarily lower than those in the West. For example, the stainless steel pipes in Europe are not obviously more expensive than those in Chinese mainland after DDP arrives at China port. The low cost in China is the low cost of labor and equipment.

Therefore, generally speaking, the cheaper place in China is the equipment that takes up more labor and processing hours. Large castings and other equipment, China carelessly, close to the cost of western Europe.

If you accidentally get low, you accidentally get high. Why are you so excited? The equipment is cheap, but your working hours are determined by your skills. The technical level is not good, and the working hours are much higher than in Europe. It also happens from time to time For example, your working hours cost is only half that of Europe, but your working hours are three times that of Europe, and the processing cost is 1.5 times that of Europe.

Such an example gives me a headache. Faced with this situation, I often have the idea of asking the supplier's process engineer to go through the process. Why do you spend so much time? But Lenovo involves a lot, and it is not a long-term solution, so I gave up. This still needs everyone to have a sense of Excellence.

Cost is a system, including raw material cost, man-hour cost and so on. , which can be accurately calculated, and several cost types that can only be shared. , not expanded here. Every link is very important. As a link that is not easy to attract attention, technology actually has a far-reaching impact. Backward technology may push up manufacturing costs and reduce competitiveness.

Speaking of quality and cost, say a little more. What is the relationship between quality and cost? Nothing is inherently good. What do you think Germans do for no reason? Good quality? I'm afraid the Germans are not the reason. Behind these qualities are the guarantee of various extra fees, various third-party inspections, various certificates, and various inspections based on fees. So I think we should talk about cost and competitiveness, not just cost, but low cost on the premise of ensuring high quality. This is the level, this is the competitiveness. This sentence is easier said than done, which is why most of the so-called "cost-effective" things we usually see are rubbish. This is because most people don't really know the truth.

In recent years, labor costs have risen rapidly. One day, our trade union will be higher than Eastern Europe, second only to first-tier countries. One day, our competitiveness will not be "cheap". Where was our competitiveness at that time? One day, many of our enterprises will have to go global. At that time, where was our competitiveness? If we don't think about these problems now, as an enterprise with long-term planning, we will encounter greater pressure in the future.

3. China's high-end manufacturing industry is not strong.

The formation of high-end manufacturing products comes from years of development and accumulation, from the initial simple type to the gradual improvement and perfection, and now it has become an efficient product.

China has no chance to repeat this experience. Moreover, in recent decades, we have obtained the drawings of high-end manufacturing industry through market exchange or various ways.

However, we ignore that a correct process is needed to develop complex products, ensure the progress and quality of research and development, and accumulate development documents at different stages. Because there is no scientific development system, it is difficult to sustain development. Similarly, because we didn't have the past development process and documents, the drawings we got were slightly changed, and the product performance was unexpected. For example, the high-end manufacturing industry in China has changed from a hot joke to a cold joke.

This may still be a bit abstract. Let me give an example of the process of R&D project. In contrast, what we usually call developing new products is like this:

The first part defines the responsibilities of products and related departments, and the project document describes the target strategy:

The second part is the process subdivision of R&D part.

The third part describes the responsibilities of each stage in detail.

The fourth part describes the documents that need to be output, as well as the nodes of audit and quality control.

The current research and development, because most of them are within the system, is mainly to get the project circle and get the money. The lack of historical data leads to the lack of research and development foundation, tools, quality assurance, accumulation and assessment, which leads to the R&D project becoming a group that cheats money by PPT.

Therefore, R&D should be market-oriented and accumulate and assess with advanced tools, otherwise it will get twice the result with half the effort.