What difficulties have been overcome in the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway?

You can look through college Chinese textbooks.

This is dog food.

Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer in China. Under his auspices, the railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou was successfully built for the first time. This is the first railway trunk line designed and built entirely by China engineers and technicians.

The railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou is 200 kilometers long, which is the traffic artery connecting North China and Northwest China. At that time, as soon as the Qing government put forward the construction plan, some imperialist countries came out to obstruct it. They all want to fight for the right to build this railway and further control the northern part of our country. The imperialists refused to let people go, and the matter dragged on for a long time They finally put forward a condition: if the Qing government used its own engineers to build the railway, it would not ask again. They thought that with such a threat, the railway could not be started, and finally they had to ask them for help. The imperialists got it all wrong. China had its own engineers at that time, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them.

1905, the Qing government appointed Zhan Tianyou as the chief engineer to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway. As soon as the news came out, it caused a sensation all over the country, and everyone said that they could win a sigh of relief this time. The imperialists think this is a joke. A foreign newspaper said contemptuously, "China engineers who can build a railway north of Nankou have not yet been born." It turns out that from the south exit to the north, through Juyongguan to Badaling, there are mountains, deep streams and cliffs all the way. They think that famous engineers all over the world dare not try such a difficult project easily. As for China people, they can't eat it all anyway.

Zhan Tianyou, not afraid of difficulties and ridicule, resolutely accepted the task and immediately began to survey the line. Where to cut mountains, where to build bridges, where to level steep slopes and where to reduce curvature all need to be investigated and carefully calculated. Zhan Tianyou often encourages the staff to say, "Our work must be accurate first, and we can't be a little sloppy. Statements like' probably' and' almost' should not come from engineers. " He personally took students and workers, carried benchmarks and theodolite, fixed points on the cliff, surveying and mapping. The Great Wall is often windy and dusty, and if you are not careful, you are in danger of falling into a deep valley. No matter how bad the conditions are, Zhan Tianyou always insists on working in the wild. Climb the mountain to survey the route during the day and draw and calculate under the oil lamp at night. In order to find a suitable route, he often asks local farmers. When encountering difficulties, he always thought: This is the first railway built by China people themselves, and it must be built; Otherwise, it will not only make foreigners laugh, but also make engineers in China lose confidence.

The railway has to pass through many high mountains, so it is necessary to dig tunnels, of which Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels are the most difficult projects. Juyongguan Mountain is high and the rock stratum is thick, so Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt the method of simultaneous excavation from both ends to the middle. The spring water at the top of the mountain seeped downward, and the tunnel was full of mud. There was no water pump on the construction site, so Zhan Tianyou took the lead in carrying buckets to drain water. His central sinking method. First, drill a shaft down from the top of the mountain, then dig both ends separately, and both ends will be constructed at the same time, which shortens the construction period by half.

The railway passes near Qinglong Bridge, with a particularly steep slope. How can a train climb such a steep slope? Zhan Tianyou designed a herringbone line along the mountain. When the northbound train arrives at the south exit, two locomotives are used, one is pulling in front and the other is pushing back. After crossing the Qinglong Bridge, the train went northeast, crossed the fork of the herringbone line and turned upside down. The original locomotive was pulled and pushed, making the train turn to the northwest. In this way, it is much easier for the train to go up the hill.

The railway was completed in less than four years, two years ahead of schedule. This incident gave a powerful counterattack to the imperialists who despised China. Today we go to Badaling by train and pass Qinglong Bridge Station. We can see a bronze statue, which is Zhan Tianyou. Many foreign guests visiting China are amazed at the great project left by Zhan Tianyou.

③ Guidance: Why should Zhan Tianyou adopt different excavation methods according to different terrain? Save time and shorten the construction period. ) How about using the middle sinking method? This is the doubtful point of this article, so that students can express their opinions freely according to what is said in the article and make them understand in the debate. )

④ Instruct reading aloud.

(4) Act it out and learn to "design circuits".

① Read the text and think: What problems have been solved by designing herringbone circuits?

(solved the problem of the train climbing steep slope. )

3 act it out.

The teacher demonstrated the "herringbone" animation to help students understand.

③ Practice reading aloud and imagine while reading.

4 teacher summary.

The survey route, Zhan Tianyou has achieved Excellence; Digging a tunnel shows his superhuman wisdom and talent; The design of herringbone circuit also embodies his innovative spirit. In his work, he never forgets to win glory for his country and live up to people's expectations. He is really an outstanding patriotic engineer.

(5) Grasp "admiration" and promote imagination.

Read this paragraph together.

② Discussion: Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed two years ahead of schedule. Why did you give a strong counterattack to the imperialists who despised China?

(Guide students to contact the above contents such as "This is a joke" and "Not yet born", so that students can deeply realize that China engineers can not only build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, but also finish it two years ahead of schedule. )

(3) Guide students to grasp the word "admiration", expand reasonable imagination, and talk about how foreign guests will admire the great project left by Zhan Tianyou.

Third, emotional reading, deepen understanding

Fourth, talk about learning gains and feelings.

Let the students talk about the most touching places in the text in the group first, and then talk about their inner feelings through the report exchange, so as to further understand Zhan Tianyou's outstanding talent and patriotic feelings.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract

1. Learn to innovate.

Zhan Tianyou's outstanding talent is mainly manifested in his innovative spirit. Ask students to talk about Zhan Tianyou's innovative spirit with concrete examples.

2. Cultivate the ability to collect information.

After class, students are encouraged to collect new achievements in railway construction in China and communicate with their classmates.

Distribution of intransitive verbs

1. Read the text emotionally.

2. Copy your favorite words and sentences.

3. Remember your favorite paragraph.

Attachment: blackboard design

Comments on teaching plans:

Before class, arrange students to understand the historical background of the late Qing Dynasty and the construction history of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. In class, teachers skillfully integrate what they have learned into various activities, guide students to take the initiative to participate, and properly guide and explain the key points, difficulties and doubts. Around the central word, guide students to explore actively, and experience Zhan Tianyou's outstanding talent and patriotism by analyzing sentences. Through the demonstration of multimedia courseware, let students know how herringbone line solves the difficulty of large slope and how the middle sinking method shortens the construction period.

Investigation activities

1. Try to draw a schematic diagram to illustrate the different methods used to dig Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels in Zhan Tianyou.

2. Inquire about relevant information and write a brief introduction to Zhan Tianyou's life.

Tip: Personal profile should generally include date of birth and death, place of birth, main experience, important achievements, historical evaluation, etc. Language should be concise and clear.

Reference: Zhan Tianyou (1861-1919), a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province, studied in the United States as a teenager and presided over the construction of the first self-built railway in China-the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding railway engineer who has made outstanding contributions to the development of China railway industry.

3. The excellence of Zhan Tianyou lies in its innovation. What new discoveries, new ideas and new attempts have you made in your life? Please give an example.

4. Contact the full text, add imagination, write the fragments of foreign guests' admiration, and pay attention to expression, action and tone.

Tianyoujie former residence

Zhan Tianyou's former residence is located at No.51Dongting Street, Jiang 'an District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. It was built in 19 12, and was designed and supervised by Zhan Tianyou himself when he was the chief engineer of the Johns-Sichuan Railway Association. Zhan Tianyou (1861~1919), a famous engineering expert in modern times, once presided over the construction of China's first self-built railway-Jingzhang Railway, a native of Nanhai, Guangdong (now Guangzhou).

The former residence is a western-style two-story building with brick and wood structure. Its sunny east, south and west sides are surrounded by cloisters, of which the east facade cloisters are voucher-shaped, and the south and west facades are cloisters. The main entrance is a figure-of-eight stone step, with the gate and corridor in the middle, showing the layout of the inner corridor. There are three rooms of different sizes on both sides of the upper and lower floors of the corridor, and the right front room upstairs is Zhan Tianyou's bedroom. The top is a red tile roof with four slopes, with attic and tiger windows. In front of the building is a yard with grapes and flowers. Now it is well preserved and displays Zhan Tianyou's former residence. ?

On June 25th, 20001year, Zhan Tianyou's former residence, as an important historical relic and representative building in modern times, was approved by the State Council to be included in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.