What are the writing methods and functions of expository, narrative and argumentative essays?

(1) example (graphic method)

Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This interpretation method is called example method.

Benefits: Make the meaning of the article clearer, make readers understand it more clearly and enhance persuasiveness.

(2) Citation (citation method, citation data)

In order to make the explanation more substantial and specific, we can quote some documents, poems, proverbs and famous sayings, which can make the explanation more convincing. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings and epigrams, formulas and rules, allusions and legends, proverbs and sayings, poems and sentences, etc. Act as the content or basis of explanation to explain and introduce things.

Benefits: image, typical, more convincing. Reflect the accuracy of explanatory language

(3) Comparative method (comparative interpretation method)

Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.

Benefits: Explain some abstract or unfamiliar things and compare them with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.

(4) Column number (numerical interpretation method)

In order to make the things to be explained concrete, you can also use the method of column data to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.

Benefits: Numbers are the most accurate, scientific and convincing basis for quantitatively explaining the characteristics or reasons of things. (or on the one hand, the explanation is more accurate, on the other hand, it also makes the explanation more convincing and convincing. )

(5) Classification (classification)

It is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences of shapes, properties, causes and functions of things, things can be divided into several categories, and then explained one by one according to the categories. This method of explanation is called classification.

Benefits: Make the complicated things clear.

(6) For example

Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.

Benefits: abstract things become concrete, vivid and vivid. (or explain the characteristics of things in an exact, concrete and easy-to-understand way. )

(7) Imitate appearance

In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation.

Benefits: In order to make the object of explanation more vivid and specific.

(8) Definition (definition interpretation method)

Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.

Benefits: It can make people understand abstract words more clearly when reading.

(9) explanation

Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.

Draw a chart

In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely.

Benefits: it's obvious.

(1 1) as a hypothesis.

Hypothetical interpretation is a method to explain things by presupposing what will happen in the hypothetical environment.

narrate

technique of expression

Lyric description, lyrical narration, lyrical narration, direct narration and flashback, contrast and contrast, Zhang Xianzhi symbolizes allusion, imagination, caring for feelings, setting off scenery, setting off objects, rendering reality and reality, combining side description with positive description, and combining direct lyric with indirect lyric.

Structure: connecting the preceding with the following, suspense, care, bedding, etc.

Rhetoric: metaphor, repetition, parallelism, rhetorical question, personification, exaggeration, etc.

Argumentative writing

Argumentative writing contains three elements: argument, argument and argumentation.

Attention should be paid to the proposition and establishment of the argument: ① correctness. ② Significance. 3 novelty.

Basic argumentation methods: including induction, example, deduction, analogy and comparison.

The demonstration method is as follows:

1. Demonstration with examples: cite conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument; (Function: Demonstrate opinions concretely and forcefully, and enhance the persuasiveness of the article)

2. Reasoning and argumentation: use the incisive opinions in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism, epigrams of famous people at home and abroad, and recognized theorem formulas to prove the argument; (Function: Strongly demonstrate opinions and enhance the authority and persuasiveness of the article)

3. Comparative argument: compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove the arguments in comparison; (Role: Highlight the point of view and be impressed)

4. Metaphorical argument: use familiar things as metaphors to prove the argument. (Function: vividly demonstrate the point of view, so that the article is easy to understand and accept.) In addition, in refutation, the refutation methods of "using the spear of a child as a shield to attack" and "reducing to absurdity" are often used. It is often used comprehensively in most argumentative papers.

5. Citation arguments: Citation arguments are complex and related to the specific cited materials, including quotes, aphorisms, authoritative data, anecdotes of celebrities, jokes, etc., and their functions should be analyzed in detail. For example, quoting famous sayings, aphorisms and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; Citing celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read.