What are the philosophical reasons in Chinese idiom stories?

1, a pillow.

According to legend, in ancient times, there was a scholar named Lu, whose family was poor and poor, but he was greedy for pleasure and obsessed with being an official. Once, in a hotel, Taoist Lu Weng gave Lu Sheng a pillow and said to him,' As long as you sleep with it, everything will be perfect. "At that time, people in the hotel were making a fool of themselves (millet porridge), and Lu Sheng slept on the pillow given by Luo Weng. In a deep sleep, he dreamed that he was worshipped as an official and married a smart and beautiful wife. Since then, his children and grandchildren have been around their knees, and their people have prospered and enjoyed all the splendor. Lu Sheng jumped up with joy and saw that Luo Weng was still nearby, and the pot had not been cooked. It was just a short dream.

This story shows that thoughts and desires that are not based on reality will eventually disappear. It tells us that thinking and doing things should proceed from reality and make the subjective conform to the objective.

2, cup bow snake shadow

In the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a local official in Henan named Le Guang. Once a friend of his was ill, and he went to see him himself. Seeing that his friend was very ill, Le Guang asked him what was wrong, but his friend hesitated to say. Yue Guang asked again and again before telling the truth. It turned out that one day he was drinking at Leguang's house and was about to raise a glass when he suddenly saw a snake in the glass, vaguely squirming. Suddenly I felt afraid, and a feeling of disgust came to my throat. But because there are several friends sitting with him, it is not convenient for him to talk, let alone leave. I felt very uncomfortable after drinking it and fell ill when I got home.

Yue Guang was very surprised after hearing this. "Why is there a snake in the glass?" He pondered the matter over and over. When I got home and walked to the hall, I finally found the reason. He sent someone to invite his old friends, and he was still sitting in the position where he was drinking that day. Ordered the waiter to fill a glass of wine and said to his friend, "Look carefully, is there any monster in the glass?" My friend looked at it and it was the same as last time. A snake is swinging in the cup. Le Guang smiled and pointed to a hard bow on the wall and said, "That snake is the shadow of the bow!" " "So that's it. The friend was suddenly enlightened, Shu Mei smiled, and she suddenly recovered from her long illness.

Yue Guang's friend took the shadow of the bow as a snake and got sick as a result, which shows that consciousness has a negative effect on objective things, and distorted reflection on objective reality will bring negative effects on objective things. It enlightens us that we must attach importance to the role of consciousness, the strength of spirit, consciously establish a correct ideology and overcome the wrong ideology.

Step 3 follow the map

It is said that when Bole was old, he used his accumulated knowledge and experience of Xiangma for many years to write a book called Xiangma Jing. He also drew illustrations in the book to outline the shape of a pony with words. Bole's son wanted to inherit his father's technology very much, so he read the book Xiang Ma Jing well and thought that he had learned the technology of a horse. He went to find a good horse according to what was said in the book. Lacking practical knowledge and experience, he followed the trend mechanically, not proceeding from reality. He searched for a long time but didn't find a good horse, so he made a joke. "Xiang" said: "Maxima is a wine cake with a protruding forehead, protruding eyes and protruding hooves." One day, he went to find a horse according to this requirement. When he saw a toad on the side of the road, he wrapped it in paper and hurried home to say to his father, "I found a good horse." The forehead and eyes are similar to those in your book, except that the hooves are not wine cakes. " Bole was angry at first, but he laughed when he knew that his son was stupid.

Said, "This horse is easy to jump and unbearable." Explain whether the horse you are looking for is good or not, but it loves to jump and you can't control it.

Dialectical materialism holds that matter determines consciousness, and consciousness has a reaction to matter. This requires us to persist in proceeding from reality and oppose proceeding from subjectivity. Bole's son did not proceed from reality and copied books, resulting in a joke.

In practical work, we should realize the concrete and historical unity of subjectivity and objectivity according to the actual situation.

4. The fire at the city gate has affected the fish in the pool.

Once upon a time, there was a place where there was a pond under the city gate, where a group of fish lived freely. One day, a fire broke out at the gate. A fish saw it and shouted, "no, the gate is on fire." Let's run away! " "However, other fish don't think so, thinking that the gate is on fire and it is far away from the pond where they live. There is no need to make a fuss. As a result, no fish escaped except that one.

At this time, people came to put out the fire. They scooped water from the pond and fell on the gate. Soon, the fire was put out As the water in the pond was drained, all the fish that didn't escape were hurt.

Because the city gate was on fire, the fish that didn't escape were damaged, which showed that things were related, and they would be punished if they were cut off. This requires us to insist on looking at the problem from the perspective of connection.

5 upside down

Yan (Yin Ran) was born in Chen (now Qixian County, Henan Province) at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. His father, Zuo Zhongliang Yong, was a famous scholar at the end of the Han Dynasty and was famous for his articles. Wenxi was intelligent, knowledgeable and proficient in temperament. Later, when Dong Zhuo rebelled, the Huns invaded. He was captured by the Huns in A.D. 196 and became the left queen. He stayed in the Huns for twelve years and gave birth to two sons. It was not until 208 AD that Cao Cao unified the Central Plains that he sent someone to take her back. Cai Yan went through hardships in twelve years in Xiongnu. She misses her motherland and relatives. She once wrote Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia to express her homesickness. Later, Shang Liu's Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia also described Cai Wenji's experience and mood after he married the Huns. There are two poems that go like this:

It's upside down, but now I'm watching Beidou in the south.

The meaning of the poem is: After Cai Wenji arrived in Xiongnu, everything changed greatly, as if heaven and earth were upside down, and even the Big Dipper moved south.

This story shows that things are changing and developing. It enlightens us that we can't look at people and things with the same eyes. To correctly understand things and analyze problems, we must observe and deal with problems with a developmental perspective.

Step 6 pull out the seedlings and encourage them

Zou, a native of Shandong (now Zou County, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period, was Mencius, a famous thinker, politician and educator at that time. This master, who studied in Zisi, is regarded as the successor of Confucius' theory, known as the "Asian sage" and has written seven books of Mencius. His article is magnificent, fluent in language, deeply debated and convincing.

On one occasion, Monk told his student Gong Sunchou a story: In the Song Dynasty, a man bowed his head when he was short of seedlings, and when he came back, he said, "I am sick today! Help Miao Miao! " His son hurried to see it, Miao was dying.

The main idea of this story is that there was a farmer in Song State who thought that the seedlings in the field grew too slowly. One day, he went to the field and pulled up the seedlings one by one. When he got home, he said wearily to his family, "Today.

I'm exhausted. I made He Miao grow a few inches. Hearing this, his son hurried to the field and saw all the seedlings withered.

Dialectical materialism holds that the movement of things is regular and the law is objective. Its existence and function are independent of human will, and it can neither be created nor destroyed. If we despise and violate the objective laws, we will not only fail to do things well, but also fail. The story of "encouraging seedling growth" is a serious warning to those who violate objective laws. We should get inspiration from it and remember to act according to objective laws in understanding and transforming the world.

7. Avoid getting sick and seeking medical attention

Bian Que was a famous doctor in the Warring States Period. The surname is Qin and the name is Yue. He is a native of Zheng (now Renqiu, Hebei Province) in Bohai County. He opposed witchcraft to cure diseases and studied medicine.

Yu Chang sang jun is good at all kinds of medical skills, travels around the world to practice medicine, and has rich medical practice experience. It is precisely because of Qin Yueren's superb medical skills and helpful spirit that people compare him to the legendary imperial doctor Bian Que and call him Dr. Bian Que.

On one occasion, Bian Que went to see Cai Huanhou. He stayed for a while, then said to Huan Hou, "Your Majesty, you are sick, and now you are still on the surface of your skin. If you don't treat it quickly, your condition will get worse. " Cai Huanhou smiled and said, "What's wrong with me?" Bian Que turned and went out. Huan Hou sarcastically said to the people around him, "I think it would be good to cure a disease." These doctors always treat people who are not sick to show their medical skills.

Ten days later, Bian Que went to see Huan Hou again and said in horror, "Your illness has entered the bones and muscles. If left untreated, the situation will get worse. " Cai Huanhou is not tall.

Xing Yu still thought that he was not sick and ignored it.

10 days later, Bian Que saw Cai Huanhou again, saying that his illness had entered his stomach, and then

It's too late without treatment. Huan Hou still ignored him. Ten days later, when Bian Que went to see Huan Hou, he looked at him and turned back. Cai Huanhou felt very strange, so he sent someone to ask Bian Que what the reason was.

Bian Que said to the bearer, "If the disease is in the skin, muscles and stomach, it can be treated by acupuncture or drugs. Now the king's illness has penetrated into the bone marrow and there is no medicine to cure it. "

Sure enough, five days later, I was sore all over, and I quickly sent someone to invite me, but I had already fled to Qin. Cai Huanhou died a few days later.

Materialist dialectics tells us that contradictions are universal and objective. Contradictions are inherent in everything and are not transferred by people's subjective will. It will not disappear because of people's denial and avoidance, nor will it change because people exaggerate or shrink at will. Therefore, in order to find the correct way to solve contradictions, we must first dare to admit contradictions realistically, instead of being afraid of contradictions, avoiding contradictions and covering them up. Cai Huan's fear of illness and medical treatment vividly shows the danger of covering up contradictions and avoiding them. We should learn from it. In real life, we should recognize the universality and objectivity of contradictions, treat them correctly, analyze them carefully and solve them properly.

8. Joy begets sorrow

During the Warring States Period, there was a man named Chunyu Kun in the State of Qi, who was a diplomatic talent of the State of Qi. Qi Weiwang called him Mr. and respected him. Chunyu Kun is a loyal minister who cares about state affairs, has faults or faults with the monarch, and dares to remonstrate. But Chunyu Kun remonstrated.

Pay great attention to methods and effects, and don't bring capacity.

The direct remonstration method that is easy to offend the monarch is mostly allegorical remonstration. Therefore, I protested to Qi Weiwang three times, and all of them achieved good results.

At the beginning of Qi Weiwang's administration, he drank all night for the first time and turned a blind eye to the failure of state affairs. Chun Yu Kun used it.

Argot admonition, comparing it to a big bird that doesn't fly or sing for three years, forcing it to cheer up and innovate the political affairs of the state of Qi, making it stronger from weak; The second time was in 349 AD (the eighth year of the King of Wei), when the Chu army was besieged, it sent Chunyu Kun to Zhao for reinforcements and gave him gold 100 Jin and cars 10. Such a diplomatic envoy was very shabby at that time, and it was difficult to achieve the purpose of asking for help. Chunyu Kun was afraid of offending Wang Wei, and it was inconvenient to ask more questions, so he used fables to remonstrate and got good results. The third time, after Chunyu Kun arrived in Zhao State, he persuaded the prince of Zhao to invite hundreds of soldiers and chariots of Zhao State, scared away the soldiers of Chu State, and happily called Chunyu Kun to the harem for a drink. Chunyu Kun saw that Qi Weiwang's old habit of drinking all night had not completely changed, so he made an ironic suggestion while drinking.

Qi Weiwang asked Chunyu Kun, "Can a gentleman get drunk when he drinks geometry?"

Chunyu Kun replied, "I get drunk after drinking one barrel, and I get drunk after drinking one stone (ten barrels make one stone)."

Qi Weiwang was puzzled and asked, "How can you get drunk after drinking a bucket?"

Chunyu Kun explained: "Before giving it to the wine king, law enforcement is at the side, and suggestions are at the back. I fell down in fear and drank, but I was drunk? Men and women sit at the same table, staggered, the cups and plates are messy, the candles are extinguished in class, and the host stays behind to see Fujian. Luo Luo's mind is untied, and he has heard a little. At this time, he is happiest and can drink a stone. Therefore, it is said that' more wine is chaotic, and happiness is sad', and everything is fine. "

How much you drink depends on the occasion and mood. If the king gives me wine and ministers accompany me, I will bow down in fear and drink, and I will get drunk in that fight. If I am unrestrained, mixed with men and women, and behave dissolutely, I can drink a stone when I am happiest. Therefore, there is an old saying: "if you drink too much wine, your behavior will get out of control;" Too much happiness can lead to sadness. "This is the truth of everything!

Qi Weiwang listened to Chunyu Kun and said, "Good! You speak too well. " After that, I stopped drinking all night.

The bittersweet story shows that both sides of the contradiction can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. In other words, happiness and sadness are transformed into their opposites under certain conditions. Too much happiness can lead to sadness. It enlightens us that in order to realize the transformation from inferiority to superiority, from failure to victory, and from passivity to initiative, we must be good at analyzing the causes of failure, inferiority, mistakes and setbacks, and learn from them in practice and correct them.

9, according to local conditions

Wu, the son of Chu, fled to the southern State of Wu under the persecution of King Chu Ping, and was highly valued by King Heluo of Wu. On one occasion, the king of Wu and his officials discussed the best way to govern the country. He said, "I want to make the country strong. I wonder if you have any good ideas. Wu replied: "if the country is to be rich and strong, all countries near and far must obey the king's orders. First of all," we must repair the city fortifications and make the city walls strong and tall; Second, we should make more and better weapons; Furthermore, it is necessary to develop agricultural production and enrich the granary. "

Wu Wang, who wants to be the overlord, was very happy when he heard Wu's words. His advice to Wu Shuo is very good, that is, to do a good job in the construction of city walls according to the actual situation.

Strengthen combat readiness and accumulate grain and grass. Otherwise, can we say that this is God's destiny to conquer neighboring countries?

Materialist dialectics holds that contradictory things and each side have their own characteristics. The principle of contradiction particularity requires us to adhere to the concrete analysis of specific problems when thinking about problems and doing things. The concrete analysis of specific problems is the basis for people to correctly understand things and the key to correctly solve contradictions. If we don't analyze the different characteristics of specific contradictions, and don't consider the changes of time, place and conditions, we will not solve the contradictions, but will bring undue losses to our work. The king of Wu, who was bent on dominating the country, prepared for the war according to the actual situation of his country, which fully reflected the concrete analysis of specific issues. In all practical work, we must strictly abide by the basic methods of concrete analysis of specific problems.

10, catch the thief first.

During the Tianbao period before the Anshi Rebellion, one year, ethnic minorities in the northwest border entered.

Invasion, the Tang dynasty set out to fight. Although the war happened at the border, it affected thousands of miles away.

In Du Fu's mind, he wrote nine poems in succession, which are called "Out of the Mountain" poems. Among them, the bow should be used as strength and the arrow as length.

Shooters should shoot horses, and leaders should catch their leaders.

The main idea of this poem is that those soldiers who go to war! Bows should be strong and arrows should be sharp and long. To destroy the enemy cavalry, we must first destroy the horses under our feet, and to defeat the enemy, we must first capture the enemy leader alive.

Dialectical materialism holds that there are many contradictions in the development of complex things, and their status and role are unbalanced. There must be a contradiction between them. Because of its existence and development, it stipulates or affects the existence and development of other contradictions, which is the main contradiction. When we look at problems and do things, we should be good at grasping the main contradictions and concentrate our efforts on solving them. It is impossible to do things well without paying attention to priorities and grasping the center. Grasping the thief and the king first is the concrete embodiment of grasping the main contradiction and the key to defeating the enemy.

1 1, don't brush aside the greatness.

In the winter of 628 BC, Jin Wengong, the monarch of the State of Jin, died and Duke Xiang of Jin succeeded to the throne. Qin Mugong wanted to take advantage of the heavy losses of the State of Jin to send troops to Zheng, an ally of the State of Jin. After hearing this, Uncle Jian, an old minister, said to him, "I have never heard of mobilizing troops to attack a distant country. The March is too long. Who can this fool! If the sneak attack fails and you are motivated in vain, you will get nothing. " Qin Mugong didn't listen to Uncle Jian's advice, and sent,, and Bai as pioneers, quietly starting from the East Gate of Kyoto with a great army. Uncle Jian said to them with tears: "Meng Ming, I can't see them coming back when I see the troops start!"

The following spring, the man who ambushed Zheng came to Sliding State and was known by Zheng Guojun and Zheng Mugong. Meng Ming had no choice but to stop, smooth the wet countryside and prepare to return home via Xiaoshan (now western Henan). Unexpectedly, when Qin Jun arrived in Xiaoshan, he was ambushed by the Jin army and was defeated. Three generals, Xiqiao and Bai were captured alive by Jin Jun. Wen Ying, Duke Xiang's stepmother, is Qin Mugong's daughter. At her request, Duke Xiang of Jin agreed to release the three defeated soldiers of Qin.

When you return to Qin, put on mourning clothes and meet outside the city. He said to the soldiers who came back with tears: "I didn't listen to Uncle Jian's advice, which led to your defeat and humiliation. This should be my responsibility. " He didn't refuse Meng Ming and said, "What's wrong with doctors? Besides, I don't want to hide my virtue. " It means it's my fault. What crime did you commit? And we can't erase a person's great achievements in the past because of a little mistake.