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China classical inverted pile
Its inversion phenomenon mainly includes: subject-predicate inversion, preposition object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition and so on. (1) verb inversion in order to emphasize the predicate, the predicate is sometimes placed before the subject.
This is only because of the need of language expression. I'm sorry, you don't like it! (Yu Gong Yi Shan) Hey! If Yanzi's family is poor! (Yan Zi Chun Qiu) 2 Preposition Object In modern Chinese, the object is often located behind the predicate as the object of the predicate.
In classical Chinese, under certain conditions, objects often appear as prepositional objects before predicates. There are two special cases: 1. The phenomenon of prepositional object in negative sentences In negative sentences, when the predicate part is modified by negative adverbs, the object carried by the predicate will generally be prepositioned.
For example, when I was three years old, I was willing to take care of you. (Shuo) "I want to care" should be understood as "I don't want to care about me".
Such negative adverbs generally include "nothing", "nothing", "nothing", "nothing" and so on. Another example: the ancients did not bully.
(Don't bully me) (Shi Zhongshan of Su Shi). 2. Pronouns and prepositions in interrogative sentences In classical Chinese interrogative sentences, when interrogative pronouns are used as the objects of predicate verbs (or prepositions), the objects are often placed in front of the predicate verbs (or prepositions).
For example, Liang asked, "What is your Majesty doing here?" "He Cao" should be understood as "Fuck him", which means "What did you bring". In modern Chinese, prepositions are followed by objects to form an object-object structure, which is used to modify verb predicates.
In classical Chinese, the preposition object is often placed before the preposition, forming the phenomenon of inverted sentences. For example: hey! Wes, who are we going home with? "Who will go home with you" should be understood as "who will go home with you", which means "who will go with you".
Such interrogative pronouns generally include: Who, He, Li, Hu, Evil, An and Yan. Another example: Is Pei Hongan there? In addition, "prepositional object" has some relatively fixed expression structures.
For example, I am the only one who knows everything (Feng Wanzhen) and thinks I don't care about myself. I don't know that sentence, but I'm confused.
(Han Yu's "On Cutting Money") (3) Attributive post-attributive generally plays a role in modifying the noun center in a sentence. The attributive in classical Chinese often comes after the head word and becomes the phenomenon of attributive postposition.
For example, the sound of stones is everywhere. (Su Shi's Shi Zhongshan Collection) Loud stones are everywhere.
"Loud" is the attributive of "stone", which is placed after the central word "stone". Another example: Earthworms have no advantage over claws, but their bones and muscles are strong.
Adverbial Postposition In modern Chinese, adverbial is placed before predicate, and if it is placed after predicate, it is complement. In classical Chinese, the components in complement are often understood by adverbials, so the phenomenon of post-adverbials appears.
For example, generals hit Hebei and ministers hit Henan. The general hit Hebei and I hit Henan.
"Dou Henan" should be understood as "Dou Henan", and the prepositional phrase "Dou Henan" is used as an adverbial and placed after the verb head "Dou". Another example: green, from blue, green is blue.
(Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning") This so-called war is used in the court. (Zou Ji satirizes coachable, King of Qi).
2. The arrangement of common inversion sentences in classical Chinese is roughly the same as that in modern Chinese, but there are some changes, especially in the aspects of prepositional objects, attributive prepositions and prepositional phrases as complements.
The following are explained separately. 1. Prepositions of prepositional objects include prepositional objects of verbs and prepositional objects of prepositions.
1. verb preposition object preposition object is a special sentence pattern in ancient Chinese, and its word order is "subject+object+predicate verb". The following three situations can take an object.
(1) In interrogative sentences, the interrogative pronoun must be preceded by an object. Common interrogative pronouns include "Who, He, Yan, An, Di" and so on.
What is it to me? ("The Analects of Confucius Six Classics") 2 If the skin does not exist, will Mao Jiang Anfu? ("Zuo zhuan? Xigong fourteen years) ③ What about earthwork? Example 1 "He" is an interrogative pronoun. The word "in my life" before the verb "you" means "in my life", which translates as "what is it to me? The interrogative pronoun "An" refers to the verb "Fu", and "An Fu" means "Fu An", which is equivalent to "Where to attach it". Example 3 "Yan" is the object of "placement", and the whole sentence is translated into "Where should the earth and stone be placed? "This prepositional object must meet two conditions: one is an interrogative sentence, and the other is that the object must be an interrogative pronoun, which is indispensable.
(2) In negative sentences, pronouns can take prepositions as objects. Common negative words are "no, no, no, nothing" and so on.
For example, there is no feeling in the city. ("Cai Zhou at Night by Li Shuoxue") (5) Three-year-old girl, I am willing to care.
(The Book of Songs? There is a negative adverb "no" in Example 4 of Shuoshu, which indicates the negation of this sentence. "Zhi" refers to "the official army enters the city" and is the object of the verb "Jue". "No feeling" means "no feeling", which translates as "I don't know if the loyalist army has entered the city".
"Mo" is a negation of indefinite pronouns, which is equivalent to "nobody". "Mo I care" means "Mo cares about me", which translates as "nobody cares about me". (3) Put the object in front with structural auxiliary words.
In some sentences, in order to emphasize the object, the structural auxiliary words "zhi" and "Shi" can be used to put the object before the predicate verb. Confucius said, "Why is it ugly?" ⑦ I don't know what to read, but I'm confused ... (Master) Example ⑦ "He Lou" is used as the prepositional object of "You" and "Zhi" is used as the marker, and the whole sentence is translated as "What's so simple?" In Example 7, the object of "reading sentence" as "knowing" and "confusing" as "solving" are both before the verb is mentioned with the help of "zhi".
I don't know this sentence, but I don't understand it. As the prefix of the sign, the structural auxiliary word "Shi" has been used to this day, such as "mercenary" and "only you are asking questions".
2. In the prepositional object interrogative sentence of preposition, the interrogative pronoun is the object of preposition and must be placed in front of preposition to form the form of "object+preposition". Q: Why did you fight? (Cao Gui Debate) 9 Weiss, who are we going home with? (The Story of Yueyang Tower) Example 8 is translated into "(Cao Gui) asked (him) why are you fighting?" Here the interrogative pronoun "he" is the object of the preposition "one" and "why" means "why".
(9) "Who do we belong to" means "Who do we belong to" and "Who" is the object of the preposition "He". Second, there are two formats for attributive postposition: 1. The structure auxiliary word "zhe" is added at the end of the post-attributive position to form the format of "head word+attribute+zhe"
For example: 10. The young people doing good deeds in the village domesticated a bug. (Promotion of Weaving) Headword+Attribute+Person 1 1. The person who asked for help could report to Qin, but he didn't get it.
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) Headword+Attributive+Zhe 2. The structure auxiliary word "zhi" or "er" is added between the head word and the postposition attribute to form the format of "head word+zhi (er)+attribute+zhe". For example: 12. A Ma Qianli, must eat millet stone.
(Ma Shuo) Head Word+Zhi+Attribute+Person 13. How many people are there in the eunuch chaos? Preposition phrases are the complements of prepositions "Yi" and "Yu (Hu)" after verbs, but they should be placed before predicates as adverbials in translation today. This situation is called "prepositional phrase postposition". For example: 14. Kill fear and throw bones.
(Wolf) 15. Take advantage, hit with a long spoon. (Cao Gui Debate) Example 14 "Touyi" is an object-object phrase, which is used as a complement after the verb "Tou".
"Throw (bone)" should be understood as "throw (bone)", that is, "throw (bone) to (wolf)". Example15 "battle" should be understood as "fighting in a long spoon" and translated as "fighting in a long spoon".
The basis of distinguishing inverted sentences is to master the characteristics of various sentence patterns. There are two specific methods: 1. Grasp the structural characteristics of inverted sentences, look at the marks and distinguish the characteristics.
Exodus: 16. If there is an emergency at the border, how can millions of people in the country pay for it? (On product and sparse storage) 17. In short, many people were burned to death and drowned. (Battle of Red Cliffs) In case 16, one is an interrogative pronoun "Hu" and the other is an interrogative sentence, so "Hu Yi" should be understood as "Hu Yi" and translated as "what to use" (prepositional object sentence).
In the case of 17, the "drowning person" belongs to the structural form of "center+attribute+person", which can be directly judged as an attributive post-sentence. 2. Use the method of component analysis to distinguish sentence patterns.
For example: 18. What does Jiang Min hate → preposition object sentence 19. Carve Tang Xian's modern poems (on it). → Object-object structure as complement.
3. What are the steps of piling? What is the driving point of piling?
Open classification: cars, driving
Several problems that should be paid attention to when dumping piles;
[Edit this paragraph]
First, the speed should be controlled smoothly: the speed should be controlled in a stable and slow state. Loosen the clutch slowly and smoothly to avoid sudden lift and constant pressure lift. )
Second, whether the direction technique is correct: the steering wheel technique should be correct, otherwise you will not be able to grasp the direction of the car, nor do you know how much the steering wheel has returned, or whether it has been corrected. The success of the whole pile penetration process depends entirely on the control of direction and speed. 3. Distance before the pile: Look at the pile (No.2 pile) before entering the pile, and observe the space distance between the tail and No.2 pile. The spacing should not be less than 15CM and more than 40CM, and the optimal distance should be between 20 and 20-30cm.
Fourth, chasing the center line after piling: immediately control the steering wheel after piling, keep the tail close to the center line, keep the space distance, find the right time, return to the right direction, fall straight, and pay attention to the braking timing.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) adjust the direction of pile entry: after pile entry, hit the steering wheel to which side in front of the car you want to touch the pile, and return to the steering wheel immediately after the car leaves.
Sixth, adjust the space in the pile: it is best not to drive the steering wheel too hard, hit less and return less, hit-wait-return quickly, and hit the steering wheel for no more than one lap.
Attachment: First dumping (warehousing)
1. Keep the car parallel to the sideline, with a distance of about 50CM, and the front of the car cannot cross the limit line;
2. After the car starts, observe the right rear window of the car. When the position of 1/ 3 (counted from the back) coincides with the pile number 1, turn the steering wheel to the right and enter garage A. ..
Second injection (injection bank b)
1. Keep the car parallel to the sideline, with a distance of about 50CM, and the front of the car cannot cross the limit line;
2. After the car starts, turn the steering wheel half a turn to the right, look at the left window, and see the No.3 pile on the left window. Turn the steering wheel to the left and you can enter library B.
Other precautions (repeated reminders)
[Edit this paragraph]
1, don't put it in the wrong gear.
2. Don't turn the steering wheel in the wrong direction: turn the steering wheel with your right hand when sticking to the library, and turn the steering wheel with your left hand when reversing.
3. Don't loosen the clutch slowly. Don't be afraid of jokes.
The earlier the steering wheel is controlled, the better. When the two conflict, we must first control the speed.
5. Lift the clutch slowly when stopping unexpectedly, otherwise it will stall.
6. Never look at the wrong pole.
7. Don't miscalculate both turns.
8. Relax and take a relaxed and casual attitude.
9. Wear sneakers with thick soles.
The above is theoretical, but you should practice it slowly and experience it yourself! !
4. List of Inverted Sentences of Jing Ke Stabbing the King of Qin; vocabulary phrase set 3 function words ① Does the general care (adverb, whether, isn't it) —— "Jing Ke Stabbing the King of Qin" ② Time is running out and Jing Qing doesn't care (adverb, indicating the tone of visit, don't) ——— Jing Ke Stabbing the King of Qin. Because) ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ Just)-① A little prince's words in Jing Ke's "Stabbing the King of Qin", I wish to get it (pronoun, you)-② One thousand catties purchased by the King of Qin (pronoun, referring to the head of General Fan)-③ What can I do (pronoun) without translating-"Jing Ke Stabbing the King of Qin" ⑥ It is inscrutable for Qin to meet a general. ..... also)-Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin (2) This minister gnashed his teeth day and night (also)-Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin (3) The servant stayed and waited for my guest (judged by people)-because of "Jing Ke"-Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin 2. (1) Adverbial Postposition ① See Yan Shi in Xianyang Palace (you should see Yan Shi in Xianyang Palace)-Jing Ke stabbed Qin Wang ② Qin Wang bought (used) gold. Ten thousand families bought it)-Jing Ke stabbed Qin Wang ③ tribute to a county (that is, tribute to a county)-Jing Ke stabbed Qin Wang ④ often hurts the bone marrow (it should be painful to the bone marrow)-Jing Ke stabbed Qin Wang ④ It is best to be the first. Thousands of households in one city (it should be "thousands of gold" and "thousands of households in one city")-Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin ② The prince and guests knew about it (they should know about it)-Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin ③ Those ministers who went to the temple were not allowed to hold the ruler (it should be the ministers who went to the temple). How to) —— How to deal with Jing Ke's stabbing Qin Wang (4) —— How to do —— Jing Ke's stabbing Qin Wang (3) Passive sentence (1) and the shame of seeing the grave were removed ("passive" means passive) ——— "Jing Ke" Therefore, Jing Ke chased Qin. And (left and right) hit it with your hand * * * (omit the subject)-Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin (2) gave it to him with a white head (omit the predicate)-Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin (3) Qin Wang bought it (use a golden scale)-Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin (omit the preposition) (omit Desire and (object and predicate of preposition)-Jing Ke stabbed Qin Wang (9) Treat my guest with (object and predicate of preposition omitted) (10) and sing (object omitted)-Jing Ke, but stay for (it)-"Jing Ke stabbed Qin Wang" (/? Don't hold a ruler-Jing Ke stabbed Qin Wang (14) is one of the princes-Jing Ke stabbed Qin Wang (15) is owned by His Royal Highness Chen Yu-Jing Ke stabbed Qin Wang (65438) can be translated as "how to do it")-Jing Ke
5. Eager to listen.
I can't hear you far away. There's no dumping. The sound of wheels rolling faded away.
I can't help it It's all "Noisy".
Be the pillar of the negative building. Manufacturing manufacturing.
Whoever wins will be destroyed. Moreover, conjunctions and tables are continuous.
Yes, verb, yes. The platform is warm.
Warm bell-the music is full of warmth. Be farsighted.
Far, far away. The special sentence 1, the true and false sentence 1) destroyed the six countries, not Qin; 2) Those who belong to the Qin Dynasty are not in the world; 3) One's heart is not the world; 4) Nocturnal songs, for Qin Gongren; 5) The starlight shines and the cosmetic mirror is turned on; Lv Yun came forward and combed Xiao Huan; Nutrient flow is greasy, and fat water is abandoned; The smoke is foggy and the pepper orchids are also burning.
When the thunder started, the palace car passed. 2. The passive sentence 1 came during this period. 2. Hangu Pass has been lifted. 3. Inverted sentence 1. 2. Qin people feel sorry for themselves on prepositional objects. 2. Attributive postposition (1). In these thirty-six years, ② nails were phosphorus. (3) The joints of ceramic tiles are uneven. (4) The orchestra is dumb. More than the working women on the plane (3) nail head phosphorus, more than the millet in the rain (4) uneven tiles, more than the silk thread all over the body (5) vertical columns and horizontal sills, more than the city wall (6) orchestral string hoarseness, more than the words of city people (4) ellipsis 1) long bridge lying waves, what is a cloud? After the road is empty, don't blame Eric? 2) rob people, 3) poor and scorched earth, 4) five steps to the first floor and ten steps to a pavilion.
6. How to read ancient Chinese When I was in junior high school, my language was poor. At that time, the teacher inspired us to recite several ancient texts. I remember "Yueyang Tower" and "Liezi". Later, my interest in ancient Chinese was out of control, and I read Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zuo Zhuan, Wen Gu Guanju and Historical Records by myself.
Come to think of it, you must recite the ancient prose at the beginning, and you must recite a few articles. Then, I will make clear the sentence patterns used in these articles, what is upside down and various rhetorical devices. So other articles are not particularly difficult. In fact, I can read more about "The View of Ancient Chinese Literature", which are all selected articles. If I want to recite it, I can pick it out from it. To sum up, I recited several articles that interested me. After reciting it, I found that the ancient prose was particularly beautiful. Those sentences were carefully written because the articles written by the ancients were obscure, and many things were expressed after the words.
I remember when the teacher said he was a model, many people cried ......... ……ps: If it was too long, you can consider starting with Shi Shuo Xin Yu. A very interesting book, equivalent to the summary of ancient gossip magazines or reading Feng Menglong's think tank. Most of them are short, but these are just for fun. You really have to recite those articles.
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