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Why do you call Jiangxi's friends Jiangxi Laobiao?

There should be established ways to show affection in every place. Just like a key, a title and a gesture can open the barrier between you and the local people. If you are in Jiangxi, especially in southern Jiangxi, which is known as "the elegant atmosphere of Zhongzhou", there is a secret to communicate well with the local people-affectionately call a cousin! Don't underestimate this seemingly rustic title. It is a bridge between strangers in Jiangxi, and maybe the hospitable host will invite you home for a taste of Hakka's unique "tea smashing"! Jiangxi people themselves use the term "cousin" instead of "comrade" and "fellow villager" to add a touch of kindness to simplicity.

Jiangxi people's favor for "Lao Biao" has a long history, and the earliest saying probably goes back to the totem era. According to the examination, "table" refers to wood in the old days, such as "Twelve Years of Xuangong": "Tomorrow, the corpse will be regained under the wood." Du Note: "Table refers to wood." However, the excavation of Wucheng site in Qingjiang River revealed that the Shang Dynasty laterite altar was "distributed with hundreds of column holes of different sizes, mostly arranged in rows or staggered." This is obviously the primitive fetishism totem pillar belief of Dongyi ethnic group in Jianghuai valley and the extension area of Jiangnan. From the mid-Shang Dynasty to the end of the Warring States Period, "Lao Biao" was recorded in writing. Therefore, it is said that "Lao Biao" is a vernacular saying of totem table column, and it is the memory residue of totem impression in Jiangxi ethnic group.

Although such totem tracing can push forward the origin of "Lao Biao", after all, it involves many ancient documents and historical textual research, and few people can understand and accept it. Ordinary people are more inclined to understand "cousin" as a cousin according to today's way of thinking. But is it the cousin of Jiangxi province, or the cousin relationship between Jiangxi and neighboring provinces? In legend, there are two flowers, one for each table.

Some people say that the title of "Laobiao" was initiated spontaneously by the Hakka people in Jiangxi to adapt to the unfamiliar living environment. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han people in the Central Plains have been demoted, stationed, or looking for new living space, and moved southward, mostly settled in the mountainous areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, which are heavily blocked by Guanshan. The aborigines call themselves "sitting tigers" and the Hakkas (that is, the Han people in the Central Plains) as "mountain tigers". The natives compete for land and mountains, and the two tigers are very fierce. The Hakkas with different nationalities, surnames and clans wisely use the name of "cousin" to strengthen their feelings with other Hakkas, so as to achieve the goal of uniting hand in hand, helping each other in the same boat and relying on each other in times of trouble. Over time, "Lao Biao" has become a common practice, and it has become a kind name for the friendship between Hakka people in Jiangxi and the establishment of new interpersonal relationships.

Another saying is about migration, but not moving into Jiangxi, but moving out of Jiangxi. "Old Table" is the nickname given to the ancestor of Jiangxi by neighboring provinces. I'm afraid the historical reason is that Jiangxi was not included in the national political map very early. After the Qin Dynasty, Guangzhou, Fujian and other provinces were included, and the geographical position gradually emerged. However, agriculture was still the main industry. Because of the premature saturation of the population, most people in Jiangxi traveled around for cultivation and cultivation, mostly in the hinterland. Fujian people think that only they can call Jiangxi people "old cousins"; Guangdong people also think that they are cousins with Jiangxi people; There is a legend in Hubei, that is, Hubei people were killed in those days, and then they were passed down by three brothers from Jiangxi, and there are still ancestral temples in memory of these three brothers. More people have to count from Hunan. In Mr. Zou Huaheng's "Hunan Genealogy", he stated: "Most of the ancestors who moved to Hunan came from Jiangxi. In the genealogy of Hunan, when describing the origin, more than 6% of the genealogy claims that the ancestors moved from Jiangxi during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially from Taihe, Luling and Jishui in Ji 'an, Jiangxi, Fengcheng and Nanchang counties in Nanchang. ..... Years of wars and wars at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty made rural areas in most parts of Hunan desolate, Lushe became ruins, and a large number of original residents scattered. Subsequently, people from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and Jiangxi, especially from Jiangxi, poured into Hunan in large numbers ... Folk songs spread the saying that "Jiangxi fills the lake". Now, when Hunan people talk about Jiangxi people, they often call them Jiangxi cousins. The author is at a loss as to what they mean. In view of the historical origin of Hunan people, they mistakenly interpret it as: table means cousin, which means that children born to fathers and sisters and mothers, brothers and sisters are all called cousins; Old, the ancestor is also called. The' cousin' is the cousin of the ancestors, and the' cousin of Jiangxi' refers to the cousin relationship between the ancestors of Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, which is a nickname for Jiangxi people from Hunan. "

in addition, there are some sayings that are not recognized by the public, but they are also quite interesting. Let's take one or two for readers.

Gannan is the birthplace of geomantic omen culture, and the Hakka people in Gannan believe in geomantic omen, which is also recorded in local chronicles: "They are fond of talking about geomantic omen, and there are many people who have been reburied in Qingming Festival and Winter Solstice." "Popular belief in geomantic omen, often more than ten years after burial, opens its own eyes to test the luck of acupuncture points." At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Junsong took refuge in southern Jiangxi, and created the "situation school" of geomantic omen. According to these historical facts, some people judged that the ancestors in Jiangxi believed in geomantic omen. At the same time, in order to grasp the direction easily in the migration, Jiangxi people loved to carry a watch with them, that is, the ancient compass, so they were called "old watches" by foreigners.

There are even more mysterious sayings, which are related to Zhang Tianshi. As we all know, Zhang Tianshi is good at scribing, that is, scribing and mounting. He once occupied the world for 37 years, but there were many disasters for the people. It was the emperor Wang Dadi who took orders, and the emperor of three yuan, three products and three officials came down to see the good and evil in the world, and the good ones were spread to others to avoid a disaster. If you copy one to avoid a disaster for one family, copy ten to avoid a disaster for ten families. " His Fu Biao was appreciated by the emperor, and the folk spread "Jiangxi Old Biao", which was later alienated into "Old Biao".

However, it is Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, who spread the word "old cousin". In the Ming Dynasty, there was a story about the war between Zhu Yuanzhang and Hanwang Chen Youliang in Jiangxi. Chen Youliang was the leader of another uprising. At the beginning of the war, he sent dozens of huge ships to Chen Youliang, and Zhu Yuanzhang was almost completely annihilated. Zhu Yuanzhang with beaten army, desperate, mess to flee for life. Zhu Yuanzhang himself was hit by several arrows and was seriously injured. Thanks to the local villagers who helped him heal in time, Zhu Yuanzhang recovered quickly and finally made a comeback and defeated Chen Youliang, which laid a solid foundation for unifying the whole country and establishing the Ming Dynasty. In order to thank the villagers in Jiangxi, Zhu Yuanzhang promised them that if he made a fortune in the future, the villagers would be treated as "Jiangxi cousins". Sure enough, a few years after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne of the emperor, Jiangxi was flooded for years, and the people were struggling with hunger and cold. The villagers remembered Zhu Yuanzhang's promise that year, so they really went to Yingtianfu to find the emperor. Zhu Yuanzhang met with Jiangxi's "cousin", asked why, and allocated a large number of money and food to help Jiangxi victims. Since then, "Jiangxi Old Table" has spread all over the country. As to which region of Jiangxi villagers saved Zhu Yuanzhang, there are different opinions. Some say it's Kang Langshan in yugan county, some say it's at the foot of Lushan Mountain, and some say it's Nankang County in the mountainous area of southern Jiangxi. In short, they all hold their own words, but they all place their deep friendship on the word "cousin" in Jiangxi.

However, it seems that Zhu Yuanzhang's reputation in history has never been recognized by future generations. He can kill the generals who have experienced bloody battles with him. Do you really care about a few small "Jiangxi cousins"? So, there is another rumor.

In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan Dynasty and became emperor in Nanjing. People from all walks of life under his command came to Beijing to worship and celebrate him. When he saw so many people rushing into the capital, it was not only difficult to stay, but also difficult for him to cope with. So I quickly ordered that all the people should go to Beijing in order. When he heard that all the people in the southwest had traveled day and night and had reached Changsha Prefecture, he sent a message to order the people to "rest in Changsha for three days and then go to Beijing." The men misread the oral instructions and mistook "rest" for "blood washing"-"blood washing in Changsha for three days". The emperor has a golden mouth and jade teeth, and the export becomes a decree. Those who violate the decree will be beheaded. So the Ming army carried out a bloody massacre in Changsha. They killed everyone they saw, regardless of men, women and children. They killed Changsha in ten rooms and nine empty rooms, with corpses everywhere, rivers of blood and no one left.

It is said that many years later, one day, a dirt car was pushed from Jiangxi, with a beautiful girl sitting on it and a handsome young man behind her. He pushed the car steadily, hurried out of Jiangxi, crossed Liuyang and came all the way to Dongxiang, Changsha. When he saw the beautiful scenery, fertile land and pleasant climate, he took up his post here, where he worked as a farmer and worked as a woman, living and working in peace and contentment, and reproducing until he was 1 years old.

In the future, many Changsha people regard the boys and girls who came from Jiangxi as their ancestors. Jiangxi is their parents' land and Jiangxi people are their relatives. Therefore, Jiangxi people are called cousins.

coincidentally. Marshal Chen Yi, who is well-known at home and abroad, once insisted on guerrilla warfare in the Jiangxi-Guangdong border region, and he also lived and died together with his cousin in southern Jiangxi, and forged an unforgettable deep friendship. After the national victory, Chen Yi became a marshal and deputy prime minister. In those days, Zhu Zanzhen, a guerrilla who slept with him in the mountainous areas of Jiangxi and Guangdong, went to Beijing to visit Mr. Chen. The identity of the unknown caller will not be notified. Zhu Zanzhen's stubborn temper came, and he shouted angrily: "How dare you! Just say that I am Zhu Laobiao of Xinfeng! " Hearing this, the Chen Yi hurriedly told the secretary to send a car to meet him. When the two met, Zhu Zanzhen's eyes filled with tears, and he raised his hand and punched Chen Yi. He said to his relatives, "I thought you forgot that we were old-timers!" Chen Yi hugged him on the shoulder and said, "If you are rich, don't forget each other. Cousin, do you think I'm Chen Yi? My cousin in southern Jiangxi and Chen Yi are like brothers, and I am grateful to my parents. How dare I forget it! " In the early 196s, Liu Junxiu, then deputy secretary of Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, went to Beijing to report his work. Premier Zhou introduced to Chairman Mao: "This is Liu Junxiu, Jiangxi's cousin." Mao Zedong ha ha smiled and said, "What a sight for sore eyes! Oh, Jiangxi's cousin is famous. "

Jiangxi people like to call themselves "cousins", and foreigners also use "cousins" to express their affection and welcome to Jiangxi people. Therefore, Jiangxi people naturally have a subconscious attachment to their cousins, especially in the respect for their uncles, which is unmatched by outsiders.

In fact, as early as the early days of matriarchal clan system and paternal clan system in primitive society, there was a natural right and obligation between uncle and nephew because of the chaotic sexual relationship. My uncle, as the closest male elder of my niece, undertakes the responsibility of raising and educating the next generation together with my sister. When I get old, my niece will support me, and my position (chief, priest, etc.) and personal property will also be inherited by my niece. In many places, there is still a saying that "the thunder Lord in the sky is an uncle in the underground", which is a remnant of matriarchal clan system, but there are many ceremonies in Jiangxi to preserve this tradition of "respecting uncles".

Take the wedding ceremony in Ganzhou as an example. When my nephew gets married, my uncle is the guest of honor. On the wedding day, my uncle will hang a wooden plaque (now replaced by a glass mirror) in a conspicuous place in the hall, and write my nephew's name and auspicious words. When hanging it, my uncle still needs to keep reading auspicious greetings. This ceremony is called a registration card.

In addition, when Hakka people marry their daughters, they all have the custom of giving them away. Among the people who are married, the most important thing is to marry my uncle, that is, the bride's younger brother (usually the youngest brother), which is an essential figure. If you don't have a younger brother, please go with your closest cousin. The task of sending my married uncle is to give my sister a money bag (used to be a money box). Before getting married, the bride should cry to her parents, relatives and friends, and the money from crying is put in this money bag. According to the regulations of Hakkas, the bride is not allowed to go out with her family's money when she gets married, so she can only let her younger brother take the money bag. My uncle is a guest among the guests and a distinguished guest among the distinguished guests. The groom should treat him with special respect and enthusiasm, and dare not neglect him. Seeing my uncle off will not enter the man's house with my sister at the same time. After the bride and groom worship the heavens and the earth, the groom's house will go out to meet him and give him a big red envelope at the same time. Some people are naughty or want to get more red envelopes, so they always linger outside for a long time. After seeing my married uncle through the door, the groom's family should immediately serve him a bowl full of food. In addition, if the groom wants to get the money bag, he has to wrap several red envelopes. When the banquet is held, the man's family should have the etiquette of seating. There is no doubt that the wedding uncle, regardless of his age, should sit on the banquet. An Xi will also blow and set off firecrackers, and some of his wedding uncles will hide at this time. After the groom looks around and finds it, he will be seated only after wrapping a red envelope. When the bridal chamber is in trouble, my uncle will usually accompany my sister. After the people who make trouble in the bridal chamber disperse in the dead of night, some of the married uncles, especially the young ones, will stay there and refuse to leave, saying that they want to sleep with their sisters. At this time, the groom has to spend a lot of time, take both hard and soft measures, use red envelopes to lure his uncle away. At this time, no matter how impatient the groom and the man's family are, they will endure. It fully shows that Jiangxi people dare not be vague in their attitude towards their uncles.

Besides, whenever a banquet is held, every table of the Eight Immortals must be seated as long as there is an uncle. This kind of cousin relationship is recognized by the whole society.

Jiangxi people really like the title of "cousin" in this lovely way, and warmly greet the guests coming from the south to the north, and act as the "cousin" of the people of the whole country!

Reference articles: Jiangxi Old Table Dialect and Hakka Dialect (I) Huang Jianmin Xiao Zongying

Textual research on Jiangxi Old Table; Wu Zhicun

The origin of Jiangxi Old Table; Zhou Yingcai

Hakkas marry their daughters: send them to their uncles.