Li Ming: Study on the layout of key industries in Hunan's integration into the Yangtze River Economic Belt

From 2065438 to September 2004, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt by Relying on the Golden Waterway, which indicated that the Yangtze River Economic Belt was officially positioned as a national key development strategy. The Guiding Opinions clearly put forward the strategic positioning of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, namely, the inland river economic belt with global influence, the interactive and coordinated development belt between the East and the West, the comprehensive opening belt along the Yangtze River and the coastal areas, and the pioneering demonstration belt for ecological civilization construction. How to deepen the industrial division of labor and cooperation between the eastern, central and western regional plates and provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is an important task to implement the national strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and promote the coordinated development and common prosperity of all regional plates. As an important strategic support for the rise of the middle part of the Yangtze River Basin, Hunan's comparative advantages in resources and industries, optimizing industrial layout and promoting industrial transformation and upgrading are not only the basis and premise for Hunan's integration into the Yangtze River Economic Belt, but also an important guarantee for Hunan's integration into the national strategic development goals and ensuring sustainable economic development.

First, the status quo of key industries in Hunan

1, key industries in Hunan have developed rapidly.

According to the Statistical Yearbook of National Economy, 39 of the 4 1 industries are distributed in Hunan, among which agricultural and sideline products processing, petrochemical industry, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, construction machinery, automobile manufacturing, special equipment manufacturing and rail transit have become the leading industries in Hunan. In 20 19, Hunan's total grain output was 29 million tons, agricultural and sideline products processing industry achieved sales income of 1.2 trillion yuan, grain, livestock and poultry, bamboo and wood entered the ranks of 100 billion industries, and the scale of agricultural and sideline products processing leading enterprises continued to grow, with 6 leading enterprises exceeding 10 billion yuan and 48 leading enterprises in national agricultural industrialization. In 20 19, the industrial added value of the petrochemical industry in the province was 390 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 9% during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, and the total asset size was125.2 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 12%. In 20 19, Hunan's main nonferrous metals 10 were 2.7 million tons, with industrial added value of 96 billion yuan and main business income of 380 billion yuan, with an average annual growth of 1 1% and an average annual growth of 15% in the 12th Five-Year Plan. In 20 19, the total output value of Hunan construction machinery industry reached 299.4 billion yuan, accounting for about 1/3 of the national market. With well-known brands such as Sany Heavy Industry, Zoomlion and He Shan Intelligent, Changsha is known as the "Construction Machinery Capital of the World". In 20 19, the province's automobile production and sales volume was/kloc-0.06 million vehicles, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size was 64.8 billion yuan, and the main business income was/kloc-0.77 billion yuan. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the average annual growth rate of the main business income of the automobile industry was about 654.38+07.4%, which has been among the hundreds of billions of industries. The scale of service industry is expanding, and the proportion of two traditional industries, wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, in service industry is increasing; Tourism continues to grow and develop. In 20 19, the tourism industry in Hunan province received 473 million tourists, achieving a total tourism revenue of 390 billion yuan, accounting for about 13% of GDP.

2. Regional development presents a new pattern.

Hunan has gradually formed four major development regions: Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, Dongting Lake, southern Hunan and western Hunan, and the economic development level of the whole province has been comprehensively improved. In 20 19, the GDP of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan was 1.75 trillion yuan, accounting for 43% of the total GDP of the whole province. The region is striving to become an important national advanced manufacturing center, a high-tech industrial base and a modern service center with international competitiveness in the central region, and its core growth has been greatly enhanced. In 20 19, the GDP of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone was 920 billion yuan, accounting for 23.8% of the whole province. Focus on the development of petrochemical, shipbuilding, agricultural and sideline food processing, textile and other four major industrial clusters. The construction of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone has been fully rolled out, and major projects such as water ecological restoration have been accelerated. In 20 19, the GDP of southern Hunan was 780 billion yuan, accounting for 19.5% of the whole province. Actively integrate into the Pearl River Delta, and accelerate the construction of an important industry undertaking platform in the central region, an open cooperation pilot zone between Hunan and Guangdong, and a non-ferrous metal deep processing base. At present, the demonstration effect of southern Hunan undertaking industrial transfer in the Pearl River Delta has accelerated. From 2065438 to 2009, the GDP of Xiangxi was 679 billion yuan, accounting for 18.2% of the whole province. While the ecological environment has been fully protected, the infrastructure has been comprehensively improved, the characteristic economy has developed rapidly, and the poverty alleviation and development has achieved remarkable results.

3. Industrial agglomeration has begun to take shape.

Hunan province regards cultivating industrial clusters as an important strategy to promote Hunan's economic development. 37 industrial clusters, including construction machinery industry cluster, automobile industry cluster, petrochemical industry cluster, electronic information industry cluster and biomedical industry cluster, have begun to take shape, with 8,800 enterprises and main business income reaching 65.438+046.62 billion yuan. Judging from the regional distribution of industrial clusters, Hunan industrial clusters are mainly concentrated in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, and radiate around Dongting Lake, central Hunan, southern Hunan and western Hunan. Industrial park has become an important carrier of industrial clusters. By the end of 20 19, there were 79 industrial parks in the province, including 9 national industrial parks. The total income of technology, industry and trade in the province's industrial parks reached 5.5 trillion yuan, and the added value of industrial parks accounted for about 60% of the province. Industrial park has gradually become the driving area of economic development, the new urban comprehensive functional area, the opening-up pilot area and the modern industrial development area.

"Golden Waterway" is in Yueyang. Figure/User "All the way"

Second, Hunan's integration into the Yangtze River Economic Belt industrial layout

1, industrial spatial layout is not harmonious.

There is an obvious gap in comprehensive strength among different regions in Hunan. First of all, Changsha is far superior to other cities in terms of economic aggregate, economic density and comprehensive strength, and can be used as the core city of Hunan to drive the development of the whole region; Secondly, Yueyang City, Zhuzhou City, Xiangtan City, Changde City, Hengyang City, Shaoyang City and Huaihua City, as regional central cities in Hunan Province, have a certain degree of mismatch between industrial layout and resource endowment, and their industrial radiation ability to surrounding areas is weak. Yueyang City, as the bridgehead of Hunan's integration into the Yangtze River Economic Belt, faces some problems, such as unreasonable industrial structure, unclear advantages of leading industries, limited industrial radiation, weak ability to undertake industrial transfer in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, poor development of export-oriented economy and lagging development of industries along the Yangtze River.

2. The industrial chain is incomplete.

Hunan has initially formed advantageous industrial chains such as high-end equipment manufacturing industry, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, petrochemical industry and electronic information industry. The industrial chains such as construction machinery, rail transit and new materials are relatively complete, while the industries such as automobiles and parts, nonferrous metal industrial chains, electronic information, 3D printing, robots and new energy equipment have some problems, such as weak driving ability of leading enterprises, unreasonable layout of supporting enterprises, lack of key technologies and incomplete industrial chains. In the petrochemical industry chain, propylene, C4 and aromatics are the leading products of basic chemicals, but ethylene products are lacking, and synthetic chemicals are short of organic oxygen raw materials, medical chemicals, cosmetics, engineering plastics and other products. In the electronic information industry chain, the leading enterprises in the province are only10 billion. For example, products such as Lance Technology, Hengyang Foxconn Group, Interface Optoelectronics, Zhongguang Communication, Kivu mobile phones and so on are mainly electronic components, but there are no downstream terminal products such as integrated circuits, flat panel displays, applied electronics, solar photovoltaic, software manufacturing and services, digital audio-visual products and communication equipment. The mining concentration of nonferrous metal smelting and rolling industrial chain resources is low, and the main products such as lead, zinc and tungsten can only be supplied 20-30% in the province. In addition to the advanced cemented carbide processing technology, the processing technology of lead, zinc, antimony and bismuth is weak.

Third, Hunan's integration into the Yangtze River Economic Belt optimizes Hunan's industrial layout.

According to the industrial layout characteristics of the national Yangtze River Economic Belt and Hunan's resource endowment, adhere to ecological priority and green development, highlight the linkage between rivers and lakes, land and water coordination, rely on innovation and opening up to gather production factors, optimize the industrial layout of "one core, one area, one belt and four lines", cultivate new impetus for industrial development, create new advantages for industrial development, create new growth points for industrial development, and strive to form an industrial pattern with channel support, industrial agglomeration, distinctive characteristics and complementary advantages.

1. Optimize the industrial spatial layout of "one core, one area, one belt and four lines"

Core growth pole of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan. Relying on the national platforms such as the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "two-oriented" experimental zone, the national Xiangjiang New District and the national independent innovation demonstration zone, we will strengthen the green heart protection of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan and the comprehensive management of Xiangjiang River, promote the integration of infrastructure, industrial system, environmental protection and cooperation mechanism, build a national advanced manufacturing base and a regional center of modern service industry, and build a core growth pole of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone. Comprehensively manage the water environment of Dongting Lake, strengthen the protection of wetlands, aquatic animals and plants and resources along the Yangtze River, promote industrial cooperation among Yueyang, Changde and Yiyang, give full play to Yueyang's function as a gateway to the sea with the same river, accelerate the economic development near the port, and comprehensively build a national ecological and economic development demonstration zone.

Changyue industrial linkage development undertaking belt. Changsha and Yueyang are geographically and economically interlinked. It is the main area of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone and the center of economy, science and technology, education and culture in the whole province, and has a good foundation for accelerating development and integrated development. Accelerating the coordinated development of Yueyang industry in Changsha and planning the construction of Changyue Economic Belt are strategic measures for our province to implement the strategy of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, coordinate the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and promote the rise of the central region under the new situation.

Beijing-Guangzhou, Shanghai-Kunming and Jill Zhang Huaihe River Changyichang high-speed railway economic belt. While building an ecological barrier of one lake, three mountains and four waters, we will take important node cities along the Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed railway as nodes to build a high-Guangzhou high-speed railway economic belt; Building a Shanghai-Kunming high-speed rail economic belt with Lou Shao as the fulcrum and the Hunan-China Economic Corridor as the hinterland; Strive to build Zhangjiajie international tourism destination and create Zhang Jihuai's fine eco-cultural tourism economic belt; Construction of Chang-Chang high-speed railway economic belt for the purpose of connecting the Silk Road.

2. Extend the industrial chain of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan.

Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration is the core growth pole leading Hunan's economic development. Focus on supporting the optimization of Hunan's leading industries such as construction machinery, rail transit, electronic information, intelligent manufacturing, non-ferrous metals, cultural tourism, etc., extend the industrial chain, cultivate and guide enterprises to gather and develop, implement the strategy of innovation and opening up, seize the commanding heights of the new round of industrial revolution, and build a number of landmark world-class industrial clusters.

Focusing on the "strong chain" of existing advantageous industries such as construction machinery and rail transit, we will strengthen the joint research and development of industrial core technologies, vigorously develop supporting industries, expand the production bases of supporting parts in Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Liuyang, Ningxiang, Xiangyin and Miluo, realize the coordinated development of supporting enterprises and host enterprises, and build a landmark industrial cluster in Hunan.

Focusing on electronic information, intelligent manufacturing, high-end services and biomedical industries, we will cultivate and introduce leading enterprises and backbone enterprises in Changsha, Hengyang, Xiangtan, Liuyang and Xiangyin industrial parks, and further establish and improve relevant industrial chains.

Focusing on "mending chains" such as iron and steel nonferrous metals, automobile and parts manufacturing, new energy and agricultural products processing, we are looking for key links with high added value and lack of industrial chain. Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Yueyang, Hengyang, Liuyang, Ningxiang, Xiangyin, Miluo and other industrial parks attract investment through industrial chains or upgrade existing industries to drive related industries to extend to both ends of the smile curve and supplement related industrial chains from the perspective of value chain.

3, planning and construction of Changyue Economic Belt

The core area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan is mainly distributed with advanced manufacturing industries such as machinery, electronics, medicine, new materials and new energy, as well as high-tech industries, Internet of Things economy, cultural industries and service industries. Adopt the separation mode of headquarters+production base. As a concentrated area of administration, science and education, finance, service, commerce and residence, population and corporate headquarters, Changsha has transferred some enterprise production bases and general manufacturing industries to Yueyang in the north.

Yueyang City is the bridgehead of Hunan's integration into the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the leader of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, and the national regional central city determined by the National Development and Reform Commission. Accelerate the integration of Yueyang "1+4+2" urban agglomeration, and build Yueyang metropolitan area with a population of 2 million in an all-round way. According to the industrial layout of Changsha-Wuhan metropolitan area and the principles of dislocation, substitution and undertaking, the development orientation of Yueyang's traditional leading industries and emerging industries is clarified. Integrate and guide the water-consuming industries and their supporting industries such as petrochemical, electric energy, papermaking, agricultural and sideline food processing, shipping logistics, steel and automobile in the province to gather in the development zone along the Yangtze River, and rely on scientific and technological innovation and transformation to upgrade the petrochemical, electric energy, papermaking, agricultural and sideline products processing industries and enhance the competitiveness of Yueyang traditional industries; Optimize the development environment and improve the attractiveness of Changsha-Wuhan metropolitan area to talent, capital, materials and other essential resources.

Some towns in Xiangyin, Miluo and Changsha counties of Yueyang City are the linkage development zones of Yue Chang, connecting Yueyang City and Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan areas in series. Focus on defining the cross-city area at the junction of Yueyang and Changsha (or the pioneer area of Yueyang's coordinated economic development in Changsha), expand the undertaking functions of Xiangyin and Miluo industries, lay out and undertake the transfer of labor-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industries such as advanced manufacturing industries, agricultural and sideline products processing, light industry textiles, biomedicine and non-metallic mineral products processing in Changsha, and build the Yue Chang joint development undertaking belt into a new base for Changsha-Yueyang industrial opening and cooperation, and form a joint force with Yueyang's industrial development belt along the Yangtze River.

4. Open a new channel for the northward development of Hunan's economy.

Actively connect with the comprehensive three-dimensional traffic corridor planning of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (20 14-2020), strive for national policy and financial support, and open up a new channel for Hunan's economic development to the north.

First, comprehensively accelerate the expansion and upgrading of shipping. Strengthen waterway regulation, improve waterway grade and build a high-grade inland waterway network with the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake as the center and the "one vertical and five horizontal" waterway as the backbone. At the same time, it is considered to open the land and water passage from Changde to the north of the Yangtze River, improve the interconnection between Dongting Lake Plain in Hunan and Jianghan Plain in Hubei, and promote the close integration of Hunan and the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

The second is to strengthen the seamless connection of various modes of transportation. The concept and requirements of comprehensive transportation will run through all aspects of planning, design, construction and operation of transportation nodes such as Changsha and Yueyang, speed up the S20 1 renovation and upgrading project and the construction of Yueyang Sanhe Airport, build a comprehensive transportation hub with efficient connection of various modes of transportation, intercity transportation and urban transportation, and realize "zero transfer and seamless connection".

The third is to strengthen the construction of the collection and distribution system. Focusing on Chenglingji Port and Xiangjiang Changsha Comprehensive Hub, we will speed up the construction of railways, high-grade highways and port connection lines, strengthen the functions of collection and distribution services, improve the capacity and efficiency of cargo transfer, promote the channel construction between ports and development zones and logistics parks along the Yangtze River, and expand the radiation range of port transportation services.

The fourth is to optimize and integrate the allocation of port resources. Relying on Hunan Chenglingji International Port Group, we will integrate ports such as Changsha, Yueyang, Changde, Yiyang and Yuanjiang to realize joint operation and cluster management of ports along the lake and river.

5, the construction of Hunan Tongjiang sea open new highland.

Adhere to the strategy of docking the Belt and Road and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, pay equal attention to opening up to the outside world and further strengthen cooperation between Hunan and the surrounding areas along the Yangtze River. Make use of capital ties to strengthen the division of labor and cooperation among Xianning Port, Chenglingji Port and Shanghai Port, and promote closer cooperation between Hunan and southeast coastal provinces and cities. To break down administrative barriers and promote the coordinated development of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Changsha and Wuhan will jointly build a "creative industrial park", and Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi will jointly develop their own tourism boutique routes to create a "golden belt" for tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Docking the "Belt and Road" and international capacity cooperation, promoting "Hunan products going abroad" and improving the level of open development. Construction machinery, rail transit, mineral products processing, hydropower bridges, electronic information, intelligent manufacturing, fine chemicals and other industries, actively carry out international capacity cooperation with Russia, Belarus, Eastern Europe, Brazil, Nigeria, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, South America and other countries or regions, and explore the co-construction mode of overseas industrial parks; Small and medium-sized enterprises such as textile industry and agricultural and sideline products processing industry use cross-border e-commerce platforms or CCPIT supported by national and provincial governments to "go global" in the form of chambers of commerce, alliances and industry associations, and steadily implement strict risk control.

Improve the platform opening function of ports and comprehensive insurance zones. Copy and promote the mature experience of free trade zones and customs supervision zones, promote the upgrading of ports in Changsha, Yueyang, Hengyang, Xiangtan and Chenzhou, enlarge the functions of designated ports for importing grain, fruits and meat, support the establishment of export processing zones and imported parts processing zones in five cities, accelerate the gradient transfer of processing trade in the eastern coastal areas, strive to create a new environment for open development, and build ports and comprehensive protection zone platforms into the main battlefields for opening up and rising.

Four, Hunan into the Yangtze River Economic Belt to optimize the layout of key industries safeguard measures

1, strengthen organizational leadership and planning guidance

Set up a leading group for the work of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in Hunan, responsible for the organization and leadership of the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in Hunan. The leading group can set up an office under the Provincial Development and Reform Commission to undertake daily work. The leading group holds regular and irregular working meetings to study the implementation of major strategies, major policies and major projects, discuss regional cooperation and make corresponding work arrangements. The office of the leading group will strengthen its contact with all parts along the river and lake, focus on the preliminary work such as project planning, do a good job in project library construction and do a good job in daily coordination.

According to the key points of promoting the construction and development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in Hunan Province, the Hunan provincial government has formulated and promulgated the Yangtze River Economic Belt Construction Plan, Changsha-Yueyang Collaborative Development Plan and the Yangtze River Economic Belt Industry Guidance Catalogue as soon as possible, so as to guide advantageous enterprises to gather in areas along the Yangtze River and the lake, and promote the differentiated layout and misplaced development of key industries in the province. Do a good job of connecting the two plans with the main functional area planning, port layout planning, urban master planning, land use master planning, ecological function zoning, key regional development planning and other related plans in Hunan Province, and give full play to their binding and guiding roles.

2. Improve the fiscal and taxation support system.

Hunan introduced preferential policies to undertake industrial transfer. Establish an overall coordination mechanism for key industrial projects in the province to attract investment, and guide major projects that are not suitable for local layout due to local government investment to be built in areas that meet the industrial layout. The government of the importing country can give one-time compensation to encourage and attract the systematic and large-scale transfer of coastal industries and international industries.

Improve the fiscal and taxation policy support system. Integrate provincial and municipal financial investment funds, guide the integration of automobile, steel, petrochemical, electronic information, textile and clothing, agricultural and sideline products and other industries in Changyue Economic Belt and node city industrial parks, and gather, integrate and extend key industries in Hunan Yangtze River Economic Belt; According to the national tax control policy, increase tax support for key industries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt; Use fiscal and taxation policies to support independent innovation industrial bases and promote the development of seven strategic emerging industries: advanced equipment manufacturing, new materials, cultural creativity, biology, new energy, information, energy conservation and environmental protection.

3, the establishment of Hunan Yangtze River Industrial Investment Fund.

Led by the provincial finance, we will introduce national financial institutions, well-known investment management institutions, listed companies, financial intermediary service institutions and other strategic partners, set up joint-stock industrial investment fund companies, expand the circle of friends in Hunan's industrial development, and inject superior resources such as capital, technology, talents and brands into the industrial development of Hunan Yangtze River Economic Belt. Industrial investment fund companies make foreign investment according to the operation mode of guiding fund, industrial fund group and project group, and set up three industry fund group for the construction of Hunan port and shipping infrastructure, strategic emerging industrial chain, technological transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and reorganization and merger according to the needs of Hunan's industrial development.

The Hunan Port and Shipping Infrastructure Construction Fund Group mainly supports the expansion and upgrading projects of Xianning Port, Chenglingji Port, Yiyang Port, Yuanjiang Port and Changde Port, and the waterway regulation projects of Dongting Lake and Xiangjiang River, and builds a waterway network with the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake as the backbone, connecting Xiangjiang River and Dongting Lake Plain, connecting trunk branches and connecting rivers to the sea. The industrial chain construction fund group of strategic emerging industries focuses on supporting the introduction of leading enterprises in emerging industries, the upstream and downstream extension of advantageous industrial chains, the joint research of core technologies, and the construction of public service platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises, so as to accelerate the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries with comparative advantages and development potential in Hunan Province. Technical transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and reorganization and merger fund groups mainly support technological upgrading, industrial layout integration and new product research and development of traditional industries such as Hunan Petrochemical, agricultural and sideline products processing, steel and nonferrous metals.

4. Establish a restraint and incentive mechanism for intensive land use.

The land department will coordinate the land use planning and layout of key regional industrial parks of "one core, one area, one belt and four lines", strengthen land use supervision, speed up the development of key industrial parks, and strive to build relevant regional industrial parks into a model of compliance and intensive land use in the province while strengthening service and supervision.

Strengthen the land restraint mechanism and improve the level of industrial agglomeration in industrial parks. All new industrial projects will enter the layout of the industrial park, and the projects will be arranged in strict accordance with the approved leading industries and functional layout of the industrial park. Any project that does not conform to the leading industrial layout of the park shall not enter the industrial agglomeration area; Projects with fixed assets investment below a certain amount in each industrial park will no longer be provided separately, and all of them will be settled in standardized factories. In principle, in addition to arranging supporting facilities for direct production services, it is strictly forbidden to develop commercial residential real estate in industrial parks. Improve incentive policies and guide industrial parks to save and intensive land use. Relying on the land reserve institution, the industrial park will be included in the reserve after the land acquisition is completed, and after the land use unit is determined by "bidding, auction and hanging", the land transfer fee will be collected in full and turned over to the finance, and the net income from land transfer will be returned to the park after liquidation for the infrastructure construction of the park; Adhere to the way of government guidance, owner development and market operation, build multi-storey standard factories with high standards, build standard factories in the park, and use new and existing state-owned construction land.

5, improve the ecological environment protection and compensation mechanism.

Implement ecological environmental protection projects for water, soil and atmosphere in key ecological protection areas, and adhere to the comprehensive management of environmental problems such as heavy metal pollution in Xiangjiang River, environmental quality in Dongting Lake and non-ferrous metal pollution; Highlight environmental pollution, implement the environmental protection supervision system, strengthen the main responsibility of ecological environmental protection, and comprehensively implement the river length system; We will implement the system of main functional areas, actively strive for ecological compensation policies such as national Dongting Lake Wetland Reserve, Wuling Mountain Ecological Barrier Area, financial transfer payment and tax adjustment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and gradually increase the compensation of provincial finance for key ecological areas.

(The author is Party Secretary and Professor of Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, and Vice President of Dongting Lake Regional Economic and Social Development Research Association.)