English conjunctions and indefinite pronouns's main grammar

English conjunctions and indefinite pronouns's main grammar

Lead: In English pronouns, the conjunction pronoun and indefinite pronouns are the key pronouns. Now let me explain the related grammar of these two pronouns. Welcome to refer to them!

The conjunction pronoun 1. Meaning and usage

First of all, we must find out what a conjunction pronoun is. The so-called connecting pronoun refers to a kind of pronoun that is used to guide the subject clause, the object clause or the predicative clause in the master-slave complex sentence, and at the same time acts as a sentence component in the clause. Common conjunctions are who who, who, what, which, who and so on. They are the same as interrogative pronouns in form, but have different functions? When used to introduce special interrogative sentences, it is an interrogative pronoun; When they are used to guide subject clauses, object clauses or predicative clauses, they are connective pronouns. For example:

What do you want? What do you want?

I don't know. I don't know what you are talking about. I don't know what you want.

The first sentence is a special interrogative sentence, and what at the beginning of the sentence is an interrogative pronoun; The second kind is a complex sentence of master and slave, and what leads to an object clause, so it is a connecting pronoun.

2. About what

What do you mean basically? What? Like the meaning of interrogative words, this usage may be familiar to everyone; What is another meaning of what? Everything? . Comparison:

I didn't? I don't know what he wants. I don't know what he wants.

I gave her what she wanted. I gave her everything she wanted.

What does the first sentence mean? What? , with the meaning of doubt; What does the second sentence mean? By who? Everything or things? , its usage is equivalent to? Noun (used as relative pronoun)+relative pronoun? . Here are two examples of the latter usage of what:

You're absolutely right. What you said is absolutely right.

What you said leads to the subject clause, which means? What are you talking about? , equivalent to everything you say, all of which are antecedents, and what you say is the attributive clause that modifies it.

He saved the money he earned. How much he earns and how much he saves.

What he heard in the sentence leads to an object clause, which is used as the object of the verb save. The money he earned? , equivalent to all that heerns, where all is the antecedent and heerns is the attributive clause that modifies it.

Indefinite pronouns 1. general survey

Maybe pronouns first. So-called? Indefinite? , that is? Not sure? Not clear? So indefinite pronouns refers to a pronoun that does not explicitly mean to replace a specific noun or adjective, such as someone's meaning? Is anyone here? What do you mean? what's up Or? what's up , how much? Many people? Or? Many things? , a few say? How many people? Or? A few things? , and so on.

There are many indefinite pronouns in English, such as some, any, all, each, both, either, none, many, much, other, no, (a) several, (a) a little, enough, each and so on. Indefinite pronouns composed of any, no and everything (such as somebody, anyone, nothing, etc. ).

2. Some and any

Generally speaking, some is used in affirmative sentences and any is used in negative sentences, interrogative sentences and conditional sentences. For example:

He asked some questions. He asked some questions.

Negative sentence: He didn't? Ask any questions. He didn't ask any questions.

Q: Did he ask any questions? Did he ask any questions?

However, in sentences expressing requests, invitations or asking for advice, you usually use some instead of any. For example:

Shall I get you some? Shall I get you some?

Since you have a lot, why not give her some? Since you have so much, why don't you give her some?

Any is sometimes used in affirmative sentences, indicating? Really? The meaning of. For example:

Any one of them may suit you. These may suit you.

In addition, there is another point to pay special attention to. What can you say in Chinese? Really? Neither? But can't you say it in English? No, because according to English custom, any always appears after the negative word not, not before it. For example:

I don't think any student can answer this question.

Sure: I don't know? I don't think any student can answer this question.

I don't think any student can answer this question. ()

Error: I think any student can? I can't answer this question.

The first sentence is not? Any, so it is correct; The second sentence is no, which means no? Any, also correct; The third sentence is any? No, this is wrong.

3. Lots and lots

Both mean the same thing, both mean? A lot? , but the usage is different, many of them are used to modify or replace countable nouns; Much is used to modify or replace uncountable nouns. For example:

Many trees fell in the storm.

A lot of money is wasted in this way. A lot of money is wasted like this.

However, if pieces of, cups of and glasses of are used before uncountable nouns, they can be used before the whole structure. For example:

How many pieces of luggage do you have? How many pieces of luggage do you have?

You can't say many bags, but you can say many bags.

4. Two and three

Some indefinite pronouns only means two people or two things, they are both, both and inside, while some indefinite pronouns only means three or more people or things. They are all, any, none and every one. Don't be confused when using. For example:

Both my parents like sports.

All my parents like sports.

Both my parents like sports.

A person's `? Parents? Obviously, there are only two people, not three or more, so you can only use two, not all, or you will make a joke.

Note that each can be used for more than two or three, and each can only be used for more than three, so when used for two, only each can be used, not each. For example, to show? Every side of the road? We should say every side of the road, but we can't say every side of the road, because? Road? Only two sides. But what if? Every side of the square? We can say each side of a square because? Square? There are usually four sides.

5. Compound indefinite pronouns

Compound indefinite pronouns refers to a kind of pronoun consisting of something, any, every, no followed by thing, one, body and so on. They include something, someone, anything, anyone, nothing, nobody, nothing, everyone, everyone and so on. They are usually only used as subjects, objects or predications in sentences, and cannot be used as attributes directly before nouns. For example:

Someone just came to see you.

Someone just came to see you.

Someone just came to see you.

Someone can't be an attribute before the noun man. In a sense, it has already been said? Is anyone here? Or? Is anyone here? It is obviously unnecessary to follow people.

Note that the compound indefinite pronouns can be modified although it cannot be used as an attribute. At this time, you should pay attention to putting the modified attributes behind, not in front. For example:

There? There is nothing wrong with the machine. There is nothing wrong with this machine.

A mistake in a sentence is an attribute that modifies nothing, but it can only be said that it is right, and it is nothing to be wrong.

Another thing to note is that anyone, everyone, etc. Can only refer to people, not things, generally not with the phrase of. If it refers to something or is followed by the phrase of, you can use any one, each one (that is, write separately). For example:

Any boy (book) any child (book)

Every student (school)

6. all of them, every one

In a sense, all the meanings? All of them? , every time? Every one? , each also said? Every one? All can be used to summarize the whole, but the emphasis is different: all is mainly used to consider the whole, each is to consider all members of the whole (close to all), and each is to consider the whole one by one. For example:

Everyone will die. Everyone will die.

Everyone. Everyone will die.

Everyone must die alone. Everyone is doomed to die one by one.

From the usage point of view, all and each can be used alone, followed by nouns and phrases of; Every must be followed by a noun, which can neither be used alone nor followed by the phrase of. For example:

He shook hands with all of us. He shook hands with us. (you can't use every)

I have read every book. I have read every book. (you can't use every)

In terms of the number of references, each can be used to refer to two or more? Every one? Each can only refer to more than three? Every one? So you can only use each when referring to both. For example:

There are policemen on both sides of the street. There are policemen on both sides of the road.

7. Not many

From the usage point of view, fev and a few are followed by the plural form of countable nouns; In a sense, using less is to emphasize the negative meaning of decimals, which is equivalent to saying? Very little? Or? Hardly? It means that the quantity is disappointing or surprisingly small. For example:

Few people like snakes. Few people like snakes.

I know they are. I hardly know any of them.

The meaning of fever is different from that of fever. There is no negative meaning. What does that mean? How many/much? Sometimes even say? Some? . For example:

After several attempts, they gave up.

When we want to use it for a while, we always use a few instead of a few. For example:

We need a place where we can stay for a few days. We need a place where we can stay for a few days.

In addition, we should also pay attention to these two phrases, which are not fever and fever reduction, and should not be mistaken for antonyms. In fact, they are almost synonyms, and they can all mean? Quite a lot? Quite a lot? The meaning of. For example:

None of the members are absent. Many members did not attend.

Some of us are worried. Many of us are in a hurry.

8. a little

The difference between little and little is similar to that between fev and a few. Small means negative meaning and quantity? Very little? Or? Hardly? ; A little, it means yes, indicating a little, but after all, there is still a little. For example:

I'm not interested in painting. I am not interested in painting.

The room attendant speaks a little English. The room attendant speaks a little English.

Unlike minority and minority, minority and minority are always followed by plural forms of countable nouns, while indefinite pronouns's little and a little can only be followed by uncountable nouns.

Note that not a little is not the antonym of a little. A little? It's not that there is no indication at all? Very? Very? . For example:

He was a little surprised. He was a little surprised.

He was very surprised. He was very surprised.

In fact, what do you mean it's not interesting at all? Not at all? , that is? Very? The meaning of.

9. Another one

(1) Main uses: The other one has two main uses. One is expression? Another one? In other words, it implies another, which is ambiguous. For example:

What about you? You'd better try to find another job. You'd better try to find another job.

The background of this sentence is:? What about you? I have a job now, or I have found a job, but I don't want to do it for some reason, so I have to find another job. It says here. Another job? What do you mean? Are there any other jobs besides that? .

The other one uses the other one to express? Supplement? Extra? , alluding to adding another one on the original basis. For example:

Can I have another piece of bread? May I have another piece of bread?

The background of this sentence is:? Me? I have eaten some bread before, but now I want to eat another piece, that is, add another piece on the original basis.

(2) Grammatical features: after-another principle is only used to refer to or modify singular countable nouns, uncountable nouns or plural nouns, with one exception, that is, when plural nouns are modified with numerals or fev, the former can be modified with other. For example:

We need three more chairs. We need three more chairs.

What about you? I'd better stay in the hospital for a few more days. You'd better stay in the hospital for a few more days.

You can't say another chair in English, but you can say the other three chairs; You can't say in a few days, but you can say in a few days, because the plural nouns chairs and days are preceded by modifiers three and fev.

10. Others and others

(1) From the perspective of whether there is a definite, others and others both mean that they are not defined, and one of the nouns can be modified after others, and others cannot be followed by nouns. The relationship between them can be described as: others=other+ plural nouns. For example:

He never thinks of others. He never thinks of others.

I don't know. I don't like these books. Show me the others. I don't like these books. Let me see it again.

The first sentence others = others means? Other? Others? , refers to everyone else; The second sentence others = the meaning of other books? Other books? .

However, if we want to express a clear meaning, we use the definite article before other and others. Similarly, other can modify nouns, while other cannot follow nouns. The relationship between them still exists, using others=the other+ plural nouns. For example:

I was the last to start in the race, but I soon caught up with the others. I came last in the race, but I soon caught up with the others.

What do other people in the sentence mean? Other? The definite article refers to all the other runners in the race.

Note: In addition to plural nouns, other can also be followed by singular nouns. At this time, others can't be used instead. For example:

This seat is empty; The other seat is taken. This seat is empty and that seat is taken.

(2) Common idioms

One ... another way? One of the two? Another one. For example:

What I say goes in one ear and out the other. When I speak, he goes in one ear and out the other.

② One ... What do others mean? One (of several)? The rest are all. For example:

One of their five children is in China and the others are abroad. They have five children, one is in China and the others are abroad.

Note: If it is three, what do you want to express? One? Another one? The rest can be one ... another ... another [third ...]; If there are four, you can use one ... another ... another [third] ... another [fourth, last].

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