What happened to that arrogant yelang?

Presumably, everyone has heard of the idiom "arrogant". It is this arrogant Yelang country that is actually the most important existence in the early history of Guizhou. How big is Yelang, and what is its arrogant capital?

First, the former Yelang era

Around the Spring and Autumn Period, the earliest country appeared in Guizhou, named "Song Temple". The name of Songyou is Songyou River (in today's aristocratic Liupanshui City). According to Guanzi, when Qi Huangong respected the king and fought against foreigners, his influence had spread to the southern barbarian countries. But this country is vaguely recorded in the history books, so many scholars still have doubts about its existence.

Jiang Kang

But what is certain is that Yelang, the earliest country, appeared in Guizhou during the Warring States Period. The main crowd of Yelang was Pu people, and later a large number of Yue people were integrated. Pu people and Yue people were the two most widely distributed groups in southern China in the early period, and there were so-called "Hundred Pu" and "Hundred Yue". They all belong to an agricultural nation. According to scholars' research, the word "Yelang" is a transliteration of a kind of "bird field" cultivated by the Yue people. This kind of field system relies on a wild goose pecking insects and loosening the soil in the field. Zhang Shu, a Qing man, once recorded this system of farmland: "There are wild geese in Shangyu County, which uproot grass roots in spring and remove filth in autumn, so the county officials forbid the people not to move this bird, and they will violate hell to pay." It shows that this is a very extensive agriculture.

Early culture of China

The earliest threat to local outsiders was Chu. When Chu Qing assisted the king, after the war with Qin and Qian Zhongjun, General Chu continued to March into the southwest ethnic areas. On the way, Zhuang Qi conquered Yelang, and finally established the Dian State near Dianchi Lake in Yunnan, and Yelang entered the period of belonging to Dian State. But not long after, Qin unified the six countries, pointing to the southwest, and soon conquered Yelang.

In order to further manage this area, Qin built a five-foot road in the local area. Wuchi Road's route is roughly as follows: South Bank of Chengdu (now Leshan, Sichuan)-Bodao (now Yibin, Sichuan)-Yelangxi (now Weining, Guizhou)-Jianning (now Qujing, Yunnan). Qin set up Yelang County in the local area, which belongs to Qianzhong County, but what is certain is that at that time, Qin should only control the area around Wuchi Road, but did not deeply control most of Yelang. According to the national policy of Qin State, Qin State should not abolish Yelang Wang, but let him continue to manage the people of the tribe. According to archaeological findings, many artifacts with obvious characteristics of Qin culture have been unearthed in the local area, which can be used as evidence that Qin ruled the local area.

Wuchilu site

Second, Yelang's founding and state form

After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Yelang became independent. "Historical Records" records: "More than ten years old, Qin was destroyed. And Han Xing abandoned these countries. " In other words, under the environment of inaction in the early Han Dynasty, small countries in the southwest were revived in succession. In today's Guizhou area, a loose Yelang country is formed in the form of tribal alliance. They come from the same nation and have the same culture. So we say Yelang, which has a broad sense and a narrow sense. Yelang in a broad sense refers to some countries in southern Sichuan and northern Yunnan, while Yelang in a narrow sense refers to these Yelang countries in Fang Guozhong.

According to scholars' research, Yelang mainly has 17 important small states. The most important ones are: Yelang, in the southwest of Guizhou today, is roughly Pu 'an, Panxian and Xingren counties in Liupanshui City; Helan, roughly in Anshun area today; Sentence town, roughly in the area of Xilin County today; Into mulberry, in today's China-Vietnam border Pingbian, Hekou area. The whole Yelang's sphere of influence probably includes most parts of Guizhou today and parts of southern Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan, with a population of over 6.5438+0.5 million. Compared with the pre-Qin period, the strength of Yelang in Han Dynasty developed rapidly.

According to the Records of Huayang Country, Yelang flourished during the reign of Wang Zhu. He was "educated, talented and prosperous". It was precisely because Yelang had a large sphere of influence at that time, coupled with the limited national strength and traffic congestion in the Han Dynasty that Yelang did not conquer the local area and knew less about the outside world. So when the first envoy of the Han Dynasty came to Yelang, there was a joke of "Yelang's arrogance".

Third, Tang Meng developed Yelang.

By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the national strength was greatly enhanced, so he turned his attention to the southern region that was independent because of the rebellion at the end of the Qin Dynasty. At that time, the most difficult enemy of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in the south was South Vietnam, and Tang Meng, the special envoy of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, once sent a special envoy to South Vietnam. The King of Nanyue entertained Tang Meng with citric acid sauce from Sichuan, and Tang Meng asked how this sauce was transported from Sichuan to Guangdong and Guangxi. The king of Nanyue replied: "The road is in the northwest of Zhang Ke, and the river is thousands of miles away, leaving Panyu at the city gate." It is said that today's waterway transportation in Guizhou can go directly to Panyu (now Guangzhou).

Nanyue state

After returning to Chang 'an, he asked the Shu merchants, who said that this kind of sauce was sold to Yelang by the Shu merchants. He introduced: "Yelang people, near Jiang Ke, Jiang Guang has more than a hundred steps, enough to sail." When Tang Meng heard this, he told Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that if South Vietnam was conquered by the Hunan and Jiangxi armies, there would be many rivers, but the road would be difficult. If we can buy Yelang, we can kill two birds with one stone by using the smooth waterway and borrowing Yelang's elite soldiers. With Bashu in the north of Yelang as backup and the invincible Han army, it should not be difficult to conquer South Vietnam.

Tang Meng

Emperor Wu accepted Tang Meng's suggestion and sent Tang Meng to Yelang. At that time, Yelang was in primitive tribal system, with many countries, and the king's power over the whole country was limited. So Tang Meng used money to win them over and promised them an official position. At that time, the northern ministries of Yelang also coveted Tang Meng's property. They thought that Yelang was cut off from the road in the middle of Sichuan, and the Han soldiers could not come, so the actual interests would not be lost. They agreed to Tang Meng's request and set up Qianwei County in the north of Yelang, obeying Han Ting's orders.

The Han Empire wanted to further develop the southwest strategically and ordered Tang Meng to build Nanyi Road. This road starts from Yingdao (now Yibin, Sichuan) and goes to Yelang. The Han Empire levied 20,000 civilian workers in Bashu, and went through Yu Jiancheng at the end of 18. After the completion of Nanyi Road, the troops of the Western Han Dynasty can arrive in Yelang very quickly. Therefore, in the process of monasticism, southwest countries once rebelled. According to the historical records, "Southwest Yi people rebelled several times, sent troops to attack them, and got something for nothing." Han empire had to send troops to appease. In addition, because the Xiongnu war in the north is tight, we have to recall our troops and resources to the north and suspend the development of this place.

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in Film and Television Plays

Fourth, Yelang perished.

When the war in the north ended, Emperor Wu immediately turned around and conquered South Vietnam. At this time, Nanyi Road has also been completed. So Liang Wudi made up his mind to fight South Vietnam and ordered the recruitment of civilian workers and soldiers from Yelang and other places to support South Vietnam. As a result, in addition to Yelang's invasion, other countries, such as Galand, were worried about the young and middle-aged expedition, and parliaments of other countries took advantage of it, so they launched a rebellion and killed the then Qianwei county magistrate.

qianwei county

So after the Han Dynasty conquered South Vietnam, the army returned to destroy Galand and set up Galand County there. As soon as other small countries saw it, they surrendered to Korea. Because Qianwei County also includes a large area of land in southern Sichuan, in order to strengthen the management of this area, a new county centered on Yelang and Galand was established, which governs a large area in central and western Guizhou, southeastern Yunnan and northwestern Guangxi. Therefore, in Yelang area, there is a dual-track governance model of county governance and local governance.

After the county was founded in Han Dynasty, it was very difficult to live in the local area. Because although Nanyi Road was built at that time, the cost of transporting grain was still very high. In addition, although the leaders of local countries surrendered to South Korea, their people still attack local officials from time to time. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the method of "recruiting rich people from the fields in the south, people from the county magistrate, and receiving money from the capital", that is, recruiting the most famous people from the mainland, and if they can move in with their farmers to reclaim land, they will get official positions, and the grain produced will be turned over to the local authorities, and the central government will pay the food price from the state treasury. As a result, a large number of aristocratic families moved here, and the four most influential families were "Dragon, Fu, Yin and Dong". They gradually gained various resources in the local area and ruled the local area.

However, the expansion of the Han Dynasty also aroused the dissatisfaction of local rulers, so they often launched rebellions, and the Han army had to frequently go out to fight back against the rebellion. However, in the process of counterinsurgency with the Han army, Guoyu Town in Yelang became stronger and stronger, and even became king. Tianjin, which is becoming more and more powerful, is gradually dissatisfied with Yelang's control over itself, so a war broke out between the two countries when Korea proclaimed himself emperor, and Yelang Wang was the initiator of the war, so Han Ting questioned him, and Yelang Wang refused by virtue of his strength. Han Ting simply sent troops to destroy Yelang State, which ruled the local area for more than 400 years.