What does "everyone" mean? Apart from the twelve hours of Chang'an, what else is the name of the Tang Dynasty?

If we are given a chance to take a time shuttle back to the Tang Dynasty and spend twelve hours in the imperial capital Chang'an, we can rely on the Tang Dynasty titles taught in the TV series "Twelve Hours in Chang'an", such as " "Sage", "Alang", "Gong"...etc., can they communicate easily with people of the Tang Dynasty?

Please read the following letter first:

“Dear Wulang: The scene of our separation is still vivid in my mind, as if it happened yesterday. In fact, your business trip to Beijing has already passed. Days. Even if I don't write a letter to you, I can't relieve the pain of missing you! It's full of vernacular words, don't mind! It's autumn now, the weather is cold and hot, I hope you are in good health. , May everyone be blessed and peaceful. Recently, the Chinese envoy came to my house to issue an edict, saying that the king made us the king of XX County. In the edict, he commended you and your uncles for following your command and giving birth to a daughter-in-law... ... He has great reputation and good moral character.' Oh! The envoy also said, 'Everyone is very close to Zunjun, so he ordered us to bring a joke to him - if he is not stupid or deaf, he will not be a master, but he will teach Zunjun nothing. Think more about this folk proverb at the time, hahaha! "Wu Lang, how interesting it is that the monarch's habit of meddling in the private affairs of juniors has spread all over the city, and even 'everyone' knows about it (omitted)"

This letter is the result of the author's artistic processing of a "Wife and Husband Letter" from the Tang Dynasty, but the various titles in it are all original. First of all, have you ever been confused by the "everyone" in the letter? Yes, "everyone" here has several meanings, but none of them is the one we all commonly use.

The word "everyone" has four ancient meanings:

The first one refers to the husband's mother, that is, mother-in-law, which corresponds to the first three "everyone" in the letter. Correspondingly, the husband's father is called "Maharaja", corresponding to the first and third "Maharaja" in the letter.

As Mr. Pei Meng, a senior researcher on Tang history, said, there is a record in the "Twenty Poems on Women's Letters" in Du Youjin's "Xin Ding Shu Yi Jing" of the Tang Dynasty that the wife called her husband's parents "Maharaja" , "Everyone", telling her husband, "Majesty, everyone is blessed (everything goes well for my father-in-law and mother-in-law)".

Original text: Farewell is like yesterday, the heat and coolness are changing, the pen and ink are not in vain, the love is without comfort. It's cool in the middle of autumn, but Wulang's movements and stillness are both victorious. That is to say, this great king, everyone is blessed with movement and stillness, and both men and women are safe. We haven't met each other, but our relationship has increased. Because of the envoy, it is not announced, but it is reported. The opening letter of this article is based on the letter for artistic processing.

However, the author believes that when "everyone" refers to mother-in-law, it should not only be used in written contexts such as letters, but can also be used as a verbal address. There is evidence to prove this: Li Sheng, a famous general in the Daizong and Dezong dynasties of the Middle Tang Dynasty, was promoted to Taiwei during his lifetime, and was given the title of Prince of Xiping County.

According to "Yin Hua Lu" written by Zhao Lin of the Tang Dynasty, Li Sheng's daughter married Cui Shu, the minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. One year, Li Sheng celebrated his birthday and held a big banquet. His daughter Li returned to her parents' home to celebrate her father's birthday. Just as they were eating, a little maid came over and whispered a few words to Mrs. Li. Mrs. Li nodded and signaled her to leave temporarily. After a while, the little maid ran in again and continued to nuzzle Mrs. Li. Li Sheng felt very strange and asked what happened?

Ms. Li replied: "Everyone was a little uncomfortable last night, which made me wait." The "everyone" here also refers to the mother-in-law. The full sentence means: "My mother-in-law was a little uncomfortable last night. I Someone is specially sent to keep abreast of my mother-in-law’s situation.” It can be seen that “everyone” can be used in casual conversations.

The original text of "Yin Hua Lu": Mrs. Cui Libu, the princess of Xiping, Taiwei. On Xiping's birthday, there was a big banquet in the middle hall. There was a maidservant whispering to Cui's wife for a long time, and Cui's wife nodded and left. After a while, he came back and the king asked, "What's the matter?" The woman said to her, "Everyone was a little uneasy last night, so I went to wait."

There is a phenomenon worth studying. According to the "Minnan Dialect Encyclopedia: Has "everyone" become "mother-in-law"? "The article introduces that until modern times, the older generation of Hokkien people still refer to mother-in-law as "everyone" (pronounced dǎi gā). The old saying goes that "everyone cherishes the bride and has food and clothing." Does this mean that modern Hokkien still retains certain medieval Chinese titles?

The second ancient meaning of "everyone" is: "big aunt", the honorific title given to virtuous women by the ancients. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, it can be used specifically to refer to a person - Ban Zhao, the author of "Female Commandments", corresponding to The fourth "everyone" in the letter.