Studying in France: What are the simple criteria for good spoken English?

How to practice speaking French well? In fact, this question is not easy to answer, because everyone’s situation is different and needs to be analyzed in detail. Generally speaking, everyone’s learning environment (location, school, teacher), learning time (long term, short term) and personal conditions (age, major or amateur, etc.) are different and cannot be generalized. But it should be clear that, theoretically speaking, it is unrealistic to want to speak French as well as the French in a short period of time, because cultivating the speaking ability of any foreign language requires a relatively long period of time. Be prepared to work hard for a long time. So, what are the simple criteria for good spoken English?

First of all, you must pass the pronunciation test well. Voice relations refer to four aspects. First, the pronunciation and intonation must pass the test, that is to say, the pronunciation must be correct and the intonation must be ups and downs. Furthermore, the flow and speed of speech must be passed, and you must be able to speak fluently and at a constant speed. It is hard to imagine that a person who speaks with a strange accent, stutters, and cannot speak a word for a long time can speak French well.

Secondly, language learning is diversified. On the basis of passing pronunciation, it is necessary to gradually strengthen the learning of vocabulary, sentence patterns and grammar, which complement pronunciation. With standard pronunciation, rich vocabulary, accurate sentence patterns and correct grammar, your speaking skills will pass.

Finally, you also need to continuously enrich relevant knowledge other than your own language. The topics we talk about every day are ever-changing, and may involve politics, history, astronomy, geography, military, diplomacy, etc. Therefore, profound knowledge is an important foundation for improving your speaking skills to a higher level. Of course, this does not mean that everyone is required to reach the state of being a scholar. However, perseverance, dedicated training, and constantly expanding and enriching one's knowledge are the indispensable guarantees for speaking a foreign language well.

So what can we do to meet these standards? Now let’s briefly talk about it from two aspects.

1. Listening training

The purpose of listening training is to cultivate students' keen sense of various phonetic phenomena in French at various stages of phonetic learning. This is also the key to "speaking French well" Major premise. Without listening, there can be no "speaking". Listening can be divided into three stages:

1) First, the so-called "sensitivity" means being able to accurately distinguish and hear each phoneme. For example: Poisson or poison? Is it oncle or ongle? The importance of being able to accurately judge the nuances of single-tone phonemes is unquestionable. It is the basic skill for hearing all more complex speech superpositions in the future.

2) Then, the requirements for speech recognition will rise to the second stage, that is, the problems of legato and couplet that will be encountered in continuous listening. Anyone who has studied French remembers this very well.

For example: Il est tr?s heureux [i-lE-trE-z?-rO]. We can see that the pronunciation of some original syllables in the sentence has changed due to the relationship between legato and conjunction. changed. Another example: Elle habite? Paris avec un homme tr?s aimable. [E-la-bi-ta-pa-ri-a-vE-k?)-n?m-trE-zE-mabl] You can read It should be noted that if the sentences we encounter are longer and the meaning of the language is more complex, then the trouble caused by legato and conjunction may be greater. There is no shortcut to solving this problem, just listen more and practice more.

3) The third is the change of voice. These are not the two changes we mentioned above, but refer to the pronunciation differences caused by speakers coming from different French regions and having different pronunciation habits. In general, Swiss and Belgian French are only slightly different in intonation and word usage than French French, but African French and Canadian Quebec French are far different from French French in pronunciation and intonation. If you want to be able to understand them, there is no other way but to practice more.

The practice method we recommend for everyone is:

--Listen to the audio tapes of the text and try to find some pronunciation materials from different French regions.

--Directly choose to listen to the external broadcasts of these French-speaking radio stations. In addition, many places in the country can now receive TV programs from France Television 5. The programs cover the pronunciation and intonation of all French-speaking areas, which is very helpful for practicing French listening.

--If possible, you can also directly contact people in various French-speaking areas to become familiar with their pronunciation and intonation.

2. Speaking training

For speaking, it is even more important to lay a solid foundation. If you want to pass the speaking level well, you must work hard on the following basic aspects:

1) French pronunciation (phonétique)

Pass Practice hard to achieve accurate pronunciation and correct words. In terms of intonation, more emphasis should be placed on imitating pure French pronunciation. The flow and speed of speech must also meet the standards of French people speaking at a constant speed.

Practice method: Ask the teacher to help correct the sound, listen to the original tapes, and imitate more.

2) Vocabulary accumulation (vocabulaire)

There are thousands of French words, and the work of accumulating vocabulary cannot be completed overnight. You must set a long-term plan for yourself, take it step by step, and accumulate more vocabulary. You must also consciously accumulate more vocabulary about international politics, diplomacy, and popular science and technology. Only in this way can we reduce the embarrassment of using words only when they are used. Some students may ask, how much vocabulary is enough to master? The answer is the more the better! If you see le d?veloppement, la promotion, une balise, un accord, bilat?ral... these words, do you know what they mean? What should be particularly pointed out here is that many basic words are polysemous, and different contexts may cause their meanings to be completely different, and the frequency of use of these words is often very high. Let's take the word "ensemble" as an example: first of all, it is an adverb, meaning "***same, together, together"; but it is also a noun, with rich meanings. Do you know its meaning in the following sentences?

（1）Il manque d?ensemble dans l?organization des activites.　

（2）Dans l?ensemble du pays, le temps sera encoleille.　

(3) Voici l?ensemble vocal de la ville de Lyon.

(4) C?est un grand ensemble recemment construit dans la banlieue ouest de P?kin.

( 5）Elle porte un ensemble qui lui va tr?s bien a cette occasion. 　　

（6）L?importation d?ensemble venus d?Europe augmente de 50 cette ann?e par rapport a l?an 2000 The word "ensemble" has many meanings. The purpose of giving examples is to illustrate that in the process of vocabulary accumulation, we should master as many multiple meanings of words as possible to avoid the shortcoming of missing the forest for the trees. The more vocabulary you accumulate, the more freedom you can speak.

Practice method: read more and look up the dictionary frequently.

3. Accumulation of sentence patterns

Generally speaking, there are as many sentence patterns as there are transitive verbs, but there are only one or two hundred basic sentence patterns. To use an analogy: this sentence pattern is like a track, and a sentence is like a locomotive. Speech is inseparable from the sentence pattern.

(1) There is no specific statistics on how many sentence patterns there are in French. Someone once published a monograph called "Est-ce a ou de?", which talks about French sentence patterns. preposition collocation problem. There will be more sentence patterns for commonly used verbs, which should be the focus of memory. Just take the action verb apprendre as an example: apprendre qch.. (learn to do something), apprendre qch.par coeur. (memorize something), apprendre une nouvelle. (learn something), apprendre ? faire qch. (learn to do something) apprendre une nouvelle a qn. (Tell someone something) apprendre ? qn.qch. (Teach someone something) Do something) Everyone has seen that there are so many changes in the sentence pattern of an apprendre. There are so many things to remember!

(2) Another point that needs to be emphasized is that some frequently used verbs, such as avoir, etre, aller, faire, prendre, etc., should be the focus. For example, the word prendre has more than 30 meanings: take, like? take, buy, catch, wear, collect, ride, eat, etc., etc. The verb phrase composed of this type of verb and other words has very rich meanings and needs to be memorized.

Practice method: Combine it with the memory of verbs. See one, carry one, and carry as many as you can.

4. Verb conjugation

We should especially emphasize the mastery of French verb conjugation. If you want to speak fluent French, verb conjugation is the foundation. There are two aspects to mastering French verbs: sentence patterns and verb conjugations. Let’s leave aside the study of sentence patterns for now and focus on verb conjugation. French verb conjugations are far more complicated than English, much like Russian verb conjugations, with complicated forms. If you are not familiar with conjugation, it will be too late to think about its conjugation when you encounter a verb. How can you still talk about the word "fluent"? In other words, if you want to speak French proficiently, you must practice conjugating verbs to the point where the habit becomes natural. Let's just take etre as an example.

The affirmative, negative, interrogative and negative interrogative forms of the indicative present tense of the verb must be recited fluently. The list is as follows:

je suis tu es il est elle est nous sommes vous ?tes ils sont elles sont je ne suis pas tu n?es pas il n?est pas elle n?est pas nous ne sommes pas vous n?tes pas ils ne sont pas elles ne sont pas est-ce que je suis?es-tu?est- il?est-elle?sommes-nous?tes-vous?sont-ils?sont-elles? est-ce que je ne suis pas?n?es-tu pas?n?est-il pas?n?est-elle pas?ne sommes-nous pas?n?tes-vous pas?ne sont-ils pas?ne sont-elles pas?

If you are strict with yourself, then the word etre The above four forms of transformation must be memorized from beginning to end in one breath without making mistakes. To put it figuratively speaking, this is very much like a cross talk actor practicing tongue twisters. You need to practice until the habit becomes natural, you don’t need to think too much, and you can do it in one go. But this is only the first step. The other tenses that need to be mastered are the past tense, the future tense, and then the various tenses in the conditional, subjunctive and imperative. All in all, there are a dozen or twenty tense conjugations before, after, and after a verb that need to be memorized. It is simply a huge systematic project. Some people may ask, is it useful to memorize so many conjugations? Of course it works! Let's take a simple example, let's say the sentence "Go to the Great Wall" and see how it changes:

The basic French sentence is: Aujourd?hui, je vais? la Grande Muraille.

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1) Look, you have to talk about this past thing, right? So: Hier, je suis all (e) la grande Muraille.?

2) You have to talk about the future, right? So: Demain, jirais la Grande Muraille. faisait beau.?

4) Should we also use more advanced subjunctive voice? So: ?Il ne souhaite pas que j?aille a la Grande Muraille demain.?　

5) Is the imperative also used? So: ? Va ? la Grande Muraille demain!? We have only listed a few basic forms and the affirmative form of the verb aller, and some of its other tenses (late past tense, future tense, past tense, simple past tense , future tense, past tense, etc.) negative, interrogative and negative interrogative forms have not been used yet. Look, there are so many verb conjugations to remember!

There are also tricks to conjugating verbs. There are several verbs in French that are modal, such as vouloir, pouvoir, devoir and aimer, etc.

Because they respectively represent modal concepts such as "want, can, should, like", rather than pure action verbs, they can be used directly in front of an action verb to express "what do you want to do", "what can you do", etc. Wait for this concept. Therefore, one of the advantages of memorizing these verbs is that in many cases it can save you the trouble of conjugating other verbs in the sentence.

Try an example sentence: Aujourdhui, hui, je vais ? la Grande Muraille. Change to: Aujourdhui, je veux aller ? la Grande Muraille. hui, je dois aller ? la Grande Muraille. Aujourd?hui, je dois aller ? la Grande Muraille. It can be more tactful, and on the other hand, it can save the trouble of conjugating action verbs. It really kills two birds with one stone.

All in all, conjugating verbs requires hard work and no room for opportunism. But don’t worry, everyone, the human mind is very wonderful. As long as you put in the effort to memorize a few 20 or 30 verbs, you will be able to memorize the following verbs with ease. It will feel like you can pick them up at your fingertips without any effort.

5. Recitation

The recitation we are talking about here refers to the following aspects:

(1) In the early stage of learning, you should try to recite the texts you have learned. Don't underestimate it, some of the most commonly used sentence patterns, vocabulary and grammar are concentrated here. It is the basis for future speaking!

(2) Some aphorisms and idioms should be thoroughly familiar.

(3) Memorize some wonderful passages as much as possible.

(4) You must memorize French numbers from 1 to 100, and you must also memorize the concepts of tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands. Because French numbers themselves include the concepts of addition and multiplication, and ten thousand is expressed in the thousands system.

Never underestimate recitation. Through recitation, many things become your own. Although this memorization method may seem a bit silly, years of teaching practice have proven that it is the most effective for practicing spoken English.

6. Speaking practice

First of all, speaking practice requires a thick skin. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes or making people laugh. Dare to speak is a prerequisite for practicing oral English well. There are several practice methods:

(1) Actively answer questions in class and actively participate in oral exercises.

(2) Learn to talk to yourself and repeat what you have learned in a foreign language. If possible, ask others to help correct it.

(3) Pair up with classmates and friends, talk and practice one-on-one, use what you have learned, and correct each other.

(4) If conditions permit, get in touch with more French-speaking foreigners, which is very useful for improving your speaking skills.

(5) To insist on reading early, it is best to find a tree-lined or quiet place every morning and read for half an hour. This is very useful for improving your speaking skills. Repeated reading is not only a good practice for pronunciation, but also very beneficial for the unconscious memory of the article.

I hope the above opinions can be helpful to those who want to speak French well. Of course, all roads lead to Rome, and everyone may have a learning method that is more suitable for them. The ancients said, "As long as you work hard, an iron pestle can be ground into a needle." As long as you put in the effort, it is possible to speak French as well as the French.