What if the bank loan can't be collected?

1. What should I do if the bank loan cannot be collected? What methods will banks take?

What if the bank loan can't be collected? Banks will joke that account managers are not good customers and managers laugh at themselves, but this reflects that real general loans are inevitable. Then for this decision.

Borrowing the new and returning the old.

For the overdue loans of enterprises, the bank confirmed through investigation that the enterprises are only in stage or temporary operation difficulties, and they are still able to repay the interest after evaluation, but temporarily unable to repay the principal. Therefore, banks generally take measures such as borrowing new loans to repay the old (issuing new loans to repay the old) or extending the period (lending) to reduce the pressure on enterprises.

However, for enterprises with big problems, it is necessary to solve them through restructuring, for example, another entity with normal operations (such as the original guarantor) will undertake the loan. Loan restructuring requires that the borrower and guarantee method should not be weaker than the original borrower and guarantee method.

Method 2: Loan collection

If the above methods can't solve the problem, the general bank will draw the assets of the sold enterprise from the assets of the industry name and return the bank loan (of course, in reality, many enterprises' assets are mortgaged to different banks, so all assets). If the enterprise's account balance or auction assets are not enough to cover the total loan amount, and the business has a guarantor, then the bank will recover from the guarantor and the guarantor will compensate.

At this stage, if there is collateral, the recoverable loan principal is generally above 90% (because the collateral is mortgaged at a discount of less than 0.7%); The principal is above 70%.

Mode 3

Some things are difficult to deal with, such as the remote location of collateral, or the guarantor's uncooperative, paying back a little at a time and so on. If the bank doesn't want to spend too much time and energy to deal with it, it will package it and sell it to the non-performing loan collection company. After that, no matter how much money the non-performing loan collection company recovers, it has nothing to do with the bank.

Mode 4 Loan Write-off

After the second and third methods, there is still a gap, such as a loan100000 yuan, and only 9 million yuan can be recovered through the above methods. It is a real non-performing loan, and the bank will confirm that it cannot be recovered, so the bank will write off the difference. However, it should be noted that write-off is only a way for banks to make accounts, indicating that there is no such bad debt in the account, but a debt relationship between you and the bank.

The above is "What if the bank loan can't be collected?" What methods will banks take? "Related content, welcome everyone's attention.

Second, how to deal with the bad loans that banks can't collect? What are the rules?

Non-performing loans are basically a headache for every bank in reality, but the occurrence of non-performing loans does not mean losses. For example, the reported balance of non-performing loans of Guiyang Rural Commercial Bank is about 654.38+0 billion yuan, and the non-performing rate is nearly 20%. One year's profit of Guiyang Rural Commercial Bank alone will cover 20 years of non-performing loans, but China Chengxin International still gives Guiyang Rural Commercial Bank an A-level rating, because non-performing loans don't necessarily mean yes. (Individuals and enterprises have similar disposal methods, so enterprises are introduced in a unified way).

For overdue loans, after investigation, it is confirmed that the enterprise is only in a phased or temporary operation difficulty, and it is still able to repay the interest at present, but temporarily unable to repay the principal. Therefore, banks generally take the way of borrowing new loans to repay the old ones (issuing new loans to repay the old ones) or extending the repayment period (extending the repayment period) to reduce the pressure on enterprises.

For enterprises with big problems, it will be solved through restructuring, for example, another normal operating entity (such as the original guarantor) will undertake the loan. Loan restructuring requires that the borrower and guarantee method should not be weaker than the original borrower and guarantee method.

If the above methods can't solve the problem, the general bank will seal up, freeze and detain the assets under the enterprise name, and return the bank loan by transferring the funds in the enterprise bank account or auctioning the enterprise assets (of course, in reality, many enterprises' assets are mortgaged to different banks, so banks can only auction the assets mortgaged to banks). If the balance of the enterprise's account or the assets auctioned are not enough to cover the total loan amount, then there is a guarantor for this business.

At this stage, if there is collateral, the recoverable loan principal is generally above 90% (because the collateral is mortgaged at a discount of less than 0.7%); If it is a guarantee, the loan principal that can be recovered is above 70%.

Some loan transfers are difficult to handle, such as the remote location of collateral, or the guarantor does not cooperate and pays back a little at a time. If the bank doesn't want to spend too much time and energy to deal with it, it will package it and sell it to the non-performing loan collection company. After that, the non-performing loan collection company has nothing to do with the bank regardless of whether the recovered funds are higher or lower than the amount sold by the bank.

After the loan write-off is handled in the second and third ways, there is still a gap, such as the loan of 6,543,800,000 yuan, and only 9,000,000 yuan is finally recovered through the above methods. Then the remaining 6.5438+0 million yuan is indeed a non-performing loan. If the bank confirms that it cannot be recovered, the bank will write off the difference. However, it should be noted that write-off is only a way for banks to make accounts.

Summary of personal non-performing loans and corporate solutions are the same, but because the personal loan amount is relatively small, banks generally skip the first step and start directly from the non-performing collection stage. Banks are not charitable organizations, and will not accept losses easily for non-performing loans, and will take all measures to minimize the amount of losses.

Generally speaking, if the borrower fails to repay the principal and interest for three consecutive months, it will be regarded as a non-performing loan. Banks basically take the methods of collection, reorganization, transfer and write-off to dispose of non-performing loans.

Most bank loans are guaranteed by sufficient collateral or guarantor. If there is a bad loan, the bank can sell the collateral or find a guarantor to repay it.

For credit loans without collateral or guarantor, banks may require borrowers to purchase loan credit insurance. If an individual borrower dies unexpectedly or encounters an accident, unable to repay, the enterprise is poorly managed and insolvent, the bank can obtain compensation from the insured insurance company.

Loan restructuring is generally used in enterprises. If an enterprise with market potential or the ability to save the nation cannot repay the bank loan, the bank may, according to the operating conditions of the enterprise, allow the loan to be extended, reduce interest rates or inject capital in the form of loans to maintain its normal operation and then repay the bank loan; Another method is called bank loan translation. If enterprise A is unable to repay the loan, the bank will find enterprise B with interest relationship or contact with enterprise A, and enterprise B may be willing to take the loan because enterprise A goes bankrupt, and the non-performing loan will be transferred to enterprise B. This is based on the principle of voluntariness.

Restructuring loans are not included in the non-performing loan ratio, which is very helpful to reduce this index.

When the transfer bank determines that the non-performing loans cannot be recovered, it will sell the non-performing assets to Cinda, Dongfang, Huarong and Great Wall for disposal. The four major asset management companies will use all reasonable and legal means and resources to make up for the losses as much as possible. Commonly used methods are:

To collect debts, make concessions on the amount, discount or reduce interest and other preferential conditions, and try to promote peace talks as much as possible.

It will take a lot of time and money to go through legal proceedings to recover, so I have no choice but to take this step.

Debt transfer, debt-to-equity swap, debt-to-debt swap or debt-to-debt swap, and issuance of shares for investors to subscribe.

The four major asset management companies earn profits by buying bad assets low and selling them high.

Not all non-performing loans can be written off after loan write-off. All efforts must be made to determine the possibility of not recovering or reducing losses, and non-performing loans that become bad debts must meet certain conditions. The central government has strict legal procedures for loan write-offs. The write-off of bad debts is written off with bank profits, so it will reduce the bank's income in that year. The CBRC has requirements on the index of non-performing loan ratio of banks, so banks should comprehensively consider the consequences of non-performing indicators and profit losses, and decide whether to write them off with a prudent attitude. However, this does not mean that the borrower buys and sells after the bank cancels the loan. It is just an accounting method. If you can repay it in the future, you still have to pay it back.

In short, banks should make every effort to recover non-performing loans and will not admit it easily.

Of course not.

Banks have many ways to deal with it. Such as collection. Expand. Debt restructuring. Litigation. demould

Collection refers to urging borrowers, credit card holders, guarantors and mortgagor to repay or assisting in collection in various ways.

Under the special circumstances of extension, the bank allows the borrower to extend the repayment period, postpone and personalize the repayment in installments.

After the debt restructuring negotiation, the repayment period will be delayed by changing the borrower, increasing the secured mortgage, agreeing to merger and division.

The litigants are borrowers, borrowers, guarantors, mortgagors, etc. And apply for enforcement.

Stripping is to combine the non-performing loans of a certain industry and a certain region into one or several asset packages, sell them through public bidding and transfer them to the buyer. Investors or investment companies, lawyers, etc. , according to their own investigation conclusions, invest in the purchase of asset packages for disposal and seek benefits. There are many names, such as stripping, transfer, collection and packaging.

Write-offs include bad debts, losses and expenses. However, it is only an internal disposal method of the bank, that is, the assets on the balance sheet are transferred out of the balance sheet, which does not mean that the creditor-debtor relationship is eliminated. After the write-off, the bank can continue to accept litigation, such as divestiture and restructuring. Unless the borrower dies, goes bankrupt or goes bankrupt, the creditor's rights and debts will last forever.

Banks will package assets and sell them to asset management companies. Asset management companies can sell to the public through asset securitization. This is how the subprime mortgage crisis happened in 2008. Banks don't recognize bad luck, and those who can get bad assets from banks must be people with connections and abilities. These geniuses, after getting the asset package, can resell it themselves to earn the difference, or they can ask for money and arrange their own lawyers. Of course, most of them are asset securitization, which sells to the public and transfers risks. Maybe one day, the wealth management product you bought in the bank is it!

You're right, you just admit that you are unlucky.

Banks will digest loans that are really irrecoverable in three ways.

Write-off is called "plug-in domestic sales", which means that the bank has written off the loan with its own profits, but the debt of the loan still exists. As long as the borrower has money in the future, we will still collect it.

Not every loan can be written off, and it must be strictly confirmed that the loan is really irrecoverable before it can be written off. Moreover, the write-off procedure is very strict, and it will be reviewed layer by layer and submitted to financial approval.

It is an international practice to package, transfer and set up financial asset management companies to manage and dispose of non-performing assets of banks. Many non-performing loan banks think that they can't get it back, or they don't have the energy to get it back, or the cost of getting it back is too high, so they will package these assets together and transfer them to financial asset management companies at low prices, which will handle them. Well-known asset management companies, such as Huarong, Cinda, Great Wall and Dongfang, all specialize in this. Packaging prices vary, and the lowest price in Guangzhou seems to be only 1.

Replacement is a rare method and a special method used in a special period. In 2003, considering the high risk and heavy bad burden of rural credit cooperatives, in order to support the reform of rural credit cooperatives, the state adopted the way of issuing special bank bills by the People's Bank of China to replace the bad loans of rural credit cooperatives, reduce the burden of rural credit cooperatives and support their development.

The bank's non-performing assets are the assets formed by the borrower loans overdue who can't repay the loan after collection, and these assets are finally disposed of by the bank.

There are two ways for general banks to dispose of non-performing assets:

1. Continue to collect non-performing assets and dispose of overdue assets through door-to-door collection. Generally, banks will collect it by their own employees first. If the collection is ineffective, they will entrust the collection work to a special collection agency outside.

2. After continuous collection, there is still no way to recover the loan assets. Banks will go through the write-off process, pass internal examination and approval at different levels, and offset non-performing assets with bank profits.

In short, banks have corresponding rules and regulations on non-performing assets, and adopt different treatment methods according to different situations to ensure the resolution of non-performing assets.

The above is my personal view on this issue, and I hope it will help you.

Please pay attention to "Lao Xu Talk about Finance" and exchange financial issues at any time!

Irrecoverable loans will be written off if they meet the write-off conditions, and those that do not meet the conditions will only exist as non-performing loans. Write-off means that the relevant debtor will only do it if there is no possibility of repayment, and will carefully verify the relevant situation. It's hard to get away with it. Personal non-performing loans are generally not written off unless someone dies. It should be noted that even if it is written off, it only means that the loan is gone in the system and the debt relationship between you and the bank has not been lifted. If you have the repayment ability in the future, the bank may ask you for repayment.

Every year, a few thousandths of the bank's operating income is accrued as bad debt reserve, and bad debts within a percentage are acceptable. As for ordinary people who want to borrow money from banks, they need collateral as collateral to get money. The bank can't repay. Unless it is a commercial credit loan, the bank can repay the loan without collateral.

Bad debts, dormant account, sleeping accounts, are always owed. [Laughter]

In fact, it is similar to the handling of bad debts by enterprises. It is impossible for banks to recognize bad luck. How can they give up bonds for no reason? Non-performing loans have a great influence on the treatment of banks and bank employees. It can be said that it is a very big burden, and it takes several years of profits to digest this bad debt. However, there are many situations that need to be dealt with separately. Here is a brief introduction, hoping to attract more attention.

Firstly, the bank loans are divided into five categories, and the loss percentage is calculated according to different categories. There are generally several ways to deal with non-performing loans, but they are still flexible in practice and are not handled according to pure theory. Generally, there are bad debts or suspicious loans, and the bank will communicate with the borrower to understand the actual financial situation. They can take measures such as postponing repayment of principal, extending loans, borrowing new loans and returning old ones to maintain the normal operation of enterprises, so as to properly handle risks, revive enterprises and repay loans normally, but this may also continue to hide risks, and eventually the amount of loans lost will be even greater.

Secondly, the bad debts of banks are packaged and sold to asset management companies. At present, there are mainly four asset management companies, namely Great Wall, Huarong, Dongfang and Cinda, which specialize in handling bank bad debts. Of course, there were many ways. Asset securitization and debt-to-equity swap are all countermeasures. These four companies are also legal state-owned asset management companies with strong strength.

Finally, there are legal procedures for direct liquidation. There is no way. General loans will be secured or guaranteed. The latest loan is a mortgage. If we can't repay in time, the bank will ask us to repay, including selling our house and collateral and asking the guarantor to repay. The key point here is not to be a guarantor easily, because the guarantee responsibility is still very serious, and there is no way for you to repay the loan!

I am a financial point of view. I hope my answer can help you. If you have different opinions, welcome to exchange and discuss!

Three, how to deal with the mortgage assets after the bank can not recover the loan? Individuals or businesses ...

You can find a guarantor!

Fourth, judicial disposal of non-performing loans?

Judicial disposal process of non-performing loans

First, once the loan is bad, we should first try to entrust the law firm to send a "lawyer's collection letter" for collection, so that the borrower can realize the seriousness of the consequences of default as much as possible and try to avoid the cumbersome procedures of judicial disposal.

Second, before entering the litigation procedure, it is necessary to sort out the compliance of the whole loan issuance process, review the legality and integrity of the litigation materials, investigate the defendant's assets, and apply for asset preservation measures in time if necessary.

Third, when entering the execution procedure, we should actively communicate with the contact person, provide the property clues of the executed person in time, and remove the obstacles in the execution process to the maximum extent.

Matters needing attention

Borrowers and guarantors involved in non-performing loans often evade execution by transferring assets, and some involved parties turn enterprises into shell companies in the early stage of litigation, so personal assets cannot be executed by transferring. The following countermeasures can be taken: First, conduct regular credit risk surveys. The idea of signing personal guarantee letters with risky loan business owners and their related personnel to guarantee the rights and interests of banks through multiple channels makes them afraid and unwilling to transfer assets to avoid debts. Second, before litigation, the borrower should be required to cooperate with the declaration of assets and take measures such as litigation preservation to prevent the parties from transferring assets to the maximum extent. Once entering the judicial collection procedure, we should actively look for the borrower's property clues to facilitate asset preservation.