How did people find their way without sailing in ancient times?

A few days ago, I heard a joke from a lady in the editorial department. Teacher Tu thinks the solo music is not as good as others', so let's have fun!

I went to a cinema that I have never been to, and my mobile phone died halfway. I stood on the road and looked around blankly. I don't know where to go. ...

Depressed little sister

Ha ha ha ha, this incident made Tu sir happy for several days.

It is really inconvenient for modern people to go out without navigation. After all, only in this way can we clearly understand the road.

"When passing the braised chicken rice, I saw the barbecue restaurant turn right, turn left at KFC, and finally stop at the entrance of Shaxian snack ... I will wait for you there."

So, is there a problem with Teacher Tu? How did the ancients find their way in ancient times when there was no navigation?

There are wild animals ahead, be careful to avoid them!

At the earliest time, people drew nearby things on the ground, such as rivers, caves, wild animals and so on, and then carried out activities according to the routes they remembered. At that time, people's activities were very small. After all, the beasts around them made people afraid to walk easily.

The preferred way to catch the exam in Beijing

Official roads, as the name implies, are roads built by the government. Compared with other remote paths trodden purely by manpower, the official road is relatively safe. If the ancients wanted to travel safely, the official road was the first choice.

The official road leads to the state capitals, and post offices have been built along the way for officials to rest. Students who study hard in the cold window can take the official road and look for the direction, and pack their bags and go to Beijing.

What is this mound? "Yes."

Speaking of road signs, it's not just modern road signs. There were some in ancient times. The ancients used the "hump" made of mound as the symbol of mileage, which was done by people who had walked before for the convenience of future generations, and also to let more people enjoy the wonderful mountains, waters and magnificent scenery.

The government will also plant trees on both sides of the road, so as long as you walk along the road and there are trees on both sides of the road, you will not go to remote places.

Studying constellations is not just for divination.

On land, people can find their destination by memorizing maps, taking official roads and asking people for directions. But when they got to the seaside, things were not so simple. The sea is magnificent and hidden. If you sail in the sea carelessly, you will pay the price of your life. There was no GPS global positioning system in ancient times, so how did the ancients accurately find their way in the endless sea?

Astrology-The stars in the eyes of the ancients were not only romantic, but also used for navigation. As early as the Han and Jin dynasties, sailors noticed some important "azimuth stars", such as the position of the Big Dipper, which was almost unchanged and could be used to determine the direction and position in the sea.

The subsequent evolution of "crossing the ocean to lead the stars" helped Zheng He's seven voyages to the West. Zheng He's fleet sailed with a compass on the basis of "attracting stars across the ocean".

And "taking the stars as the standard, there is no difference, and there is no danger in reporting."

(star plate)

Inadvertently, I discovered the new continent.

Columbus who discovered the new world should be known to many people, so how did he sail in unknown waters?

Compared with taking the natural route, exploring the new continent is quite dangerous. At that time, Columbus first sailed to a place with known latitude and longitude, estimated the distance from Europe to Asia, and then calibrated the compass to keep it driving in one direction. He calculates how far he has driven and how long it will take to reach Asia by measuring the speed every day.

Interestingly, however, Columbus actually miscalculated the distance. The actual distance from Europe to Asia is three times his estimated distance. Fortunately, there is an America in the middle. Otherwise, maybe Columbus can only return in vain this time.

Sometimes, opening up a new route requires not only technology, but also the courage to forge ahead!

Compared with now, the ancient navigation technology is really too weak, and the direction is basically determined by experience. Now, whether you can tell the difference between East and West, whether you set foot in a city for the first time or not, as long as there is navigation in your mobile phone, you can travel with peace of mind.