How did the Russian ruble achieve a "shocking reversal"?

In the war with Ukraine, Russia faced various western sanctions, which not only did not suffer too much loss of interests, but also left a huge space for the appreciation of the Russian ruble currency. Russia has done this mainly because it has taken the following measures:

Under the influence of western sanctions, Russia forcibly closed all Russian capital outflows. In the case of conflict with Ukraine and mutual sanctions with the West, Russia adopted a coercive policy to prevent the economy from flowing into other countries. For example, some local enterprises prohibit the transfer of funds to overseas banking institutions, and Russian citizens want to leave their country for other countries. The maximum amount of cash a person can carry is 654.38 million US dollars. When all countries buy Russian oil, Russian natural gas and other foreign trade commodities, they must pay in rubles. The advantage of this is that it can avoid the disadvantages brought by dollar payment.

The appreciation of Russian ruble currency is greatly influenced by oil. As we all know, Russia has the largest land area in the world, and all the oil resources are rich, which can compete with Saudi Arabia. However, due to sanctions imposed by western countries, Russia chose to raise oil prices or even restrict oil exports, resulting in other countries having to import Russian oil at higher prices. In addition, Russia also requires Germany, France and other countries to pay in rubles when importing Russian natural gas. At first, Germany refused. Later, due to the severe impact of domestic energy giants, it was forced to pay in rubles. After several months of development, the appreciation of the Russian ruble has been greatly improved, and there has even been some inflation in the United States.

Generally speaking, Russia still takes the initiative in this war, and it is only a matter of time before it wins.