Body, Space and Postmodernism in Reading Excerpts

In this regard, Plato concluded: "There is only one way for us to approach knowledge. Unless we have to, we must try our best not to associate with the flesh, not to be infected by the lust of the flesh, and to keep our purity. "

& gt& gt It is the desires and needs of the flesh that lead to the sufferings and sins in the world.

& gt& gt The happiness of the soul is enough to overwhelm the satisfaction of the body.

> > In these discourses, the dualism of opposites between body and soul is a basic framework: the body is transient and the soul is immortal; The body is greedy and the soul is pure; The body is inferior and the soul is advanced; The body is wrong and the soul is real; The body leads to evil and the soul leads to good; The body is visible, but the soul is invisible. Generally speaking, although the soul is very complicated, it stands with knowledge, wisdom, spirit, reason and truth and enjoys a great sense of superiority to the body. The body is the opposite of Plato's value, and it is a strange and far away from the eternal and absolute idea.

& gt& gt However, love in secular cities comes from instant and short-lived joy and is dominated by a timely satisfaction.

> > Metaphysics never wants to regard the body as the essence of human beings, because the body is an animal thing, and it is something shared by both human beings and animals. If people want to get rid of their animal nature, they must reject their animal foundation: the most likely body. The purer a person is, the more spiritual he is, the more he wants to get rid of the domination of the desire body, and the more he wants to reduce the power of the body to a state of extinction; The more people want to become rational, the more they want to practice in a purposeful and planned way, the more they want to acquire an absolute spiritual and scientific knowledge, and the more they want to get rid of the accidental chaos of the body.

The emergence of>& gt consciousness is based on the constraints of body and cost from the beginning. Consciousness and body, intellectuality and sensibility, if there is a real contest, then the relationship between them is a cruel competitive relationship. This is the basic relationship model between consciousness and body, and it is also the initial seed of this dual narrative in philosophy.

& gt& gt animality is material, that is, it is a body full of overwhelming impulses. The word body refers to the remarkable whole in the dominant structure of all impulses, drives and passions. These impulses, drives and passions all have the will of life, because the survival of animals is only material and the will of power. "

& gt& gt Any two unbalanced forces, as long as they form a relationship, constitute an entity. "

The emergence of>& gt consciousness restricts the body and its instinct and develops inward, "thus gaining depth, width and height". & gt& gt Structuralism and Post-structuralism >:> Reading is no longer a "spiritual" communication between people, but an erotic game between bodies.

& gt& gt Reading has become a kind of physical behavior, and the production behavior of pleasure-pleasure enjoyment is an anti-knowledge practice of the body. After reading lifted the tyranny of knowledge, ecstasy followed.

& gt& gt Pornography is the natural impulse of the body, but there is a rational secular world, which regards the natural impulse of the body as a barbaric return to the animal world and condemns it as impure and dirty.

& gt& gt The instinctive impulse of human body is no longer as direct, natural, pure and naked as animals. On the contrary, body behavior is polluted by humanized things, and people can't get rid of their primitive animality.

& gt& gt It is buried in the cruel confrontation between fierce body and rational self-consciousness, and in the torn erotic experience.

Just as Nietzsche regarded the body and its strength as the yardstick of the world, Deleuze also regarded the body as a huge desire machine.

& gt& gt Ba Taye regards pornography as an important part and content of the body, while Deleuze removes the specific content of the body. He doesn't care about the internal details of the body, but abstracts the body as a productive force, a desire for production without content. Nietzsche's body is producing, evaluating and creating. Similarly, Deleuze's desire machine is constantly producing and creating.

& gt& gt desire is not suppressed, nor is it in a state of psychological deficiency because it is not satisfied. On the contrary, desire is positive, always full of energy, and it produces reality. "Social production is pure and only the desire production itself under certain conditions."

& gt& gt Desire is always flowing, which "urges the fluid to flow forward, urges itself to flow, and interrupts these flows".

& gt& gt The body has strong productivity, which produces social reality and history, and the production of the body is social production. & gt& gt Today's history is the history that the body is in consumerism, the history that the body is included in the consumption plan and purpose, the history that the body is the object of consumption by power, and the history that the body is praised, appreciated and played with. The body has been liberated from the productive cage, but today, it has involuntarily fallen into the trap of consumerism.

& gt& gt body, this is the last personal property. A beggar with nothing has his own body, which is completely controllable. The body is the iconic feature of the self.

& gt& gt In fact, the body is the limit of life, and life and its various meanings broke out on this basis. & gt& gt Naked life is a body deprived of meaning, a body deprived of humanity, a body deprived of life form and value, and a pure animal-like body.

There are two forms of power management of life: one is the intensive training of power to a single body, which is called anatomy politics of the body; The other is the management and regulation of the population as a whole, which is the anatomical politics of the population.

The birth of>& gt, that is, pure natural life itself-that is, what we call pure body-"became the direct carrier of sovereignty here for the first time".

& gt& gt That is to say, pure people, or naked life, pure body/life itself cannot naturally lead to various rights.

The decline of>& gt nation-state is inevitably related to the end of human rights.

& gt& gt In the territory of a nation-state, there are two kinds of bodies/lives: one is a life with citizenship and the other is a life without citizenship; One is real life, and the other is life without political value; One is a life to be protected, and the other is a life not worth protecting.

& gt& gt life is either politicized by the national legal order or excluded by the national legal order, that is, it is either a life with rights or a naked life; Citizens or homosexuals who can be arbitrarily executed.

& gt& gt They just live naked. Those who are sentenced to death, those who live in concentration camps, are unconsciously equated with sacrificing people and lives that can be killed, and are not authorized to kill people. "

& gt& gt specifically, it is to combine the slaughter with the protection of people's lives, that is, to combine the elimination of racial threats with the protection of racial health.

& gt& gt "Every political move of national socialism is to serve people's lives ... Today, we realize that as long as people's physiological and racial characteristics and genetic health are maintained, people's lives can be guaranteed."

& gt& gt kills other races in order to make their own race more pure and healthy. Agamben has repeatedly stressed that the premise of this kind of genocide is to make the Jewish life naked and let the Jews become victims.

"Biological fact itself is a direct political fact, and political fact itself is also a direct biological fact."

& gt& gt Foucault noticed the fact of genocide, because the Nazis wanted to make their own race purer, put their own race in a safer state, and eliminate the threat from other races. This kind of killing is actually for better survival, but also for making one's own race and race healthier.

& gt& gt The technical premise of the Nazi Holocaust is to break the connection between rights, citizenship and the body laid in the18th century, so that the body life becomes naked life divorced from rights and historical context and becomes pure biological life. In this way, the slaughtered people lost their sovereignty and citizenship and became victims. This naked life is not worth living. People can kill him without any punishment. Only in this way can the massacre be relaxed, unbridled and finally achieve its goal of seeking racial health smoothly.

& gt& gt Zeke quipped, "You never know whether it dropped a bomb or a food package."

& gt& gt "People's retention of the death penalty is more based on the cruelty and incorrigibility of criminals and the maintenance of social security than on the seriousness of crimes. People execute those who threaten the survival of everyone else through legal means. "

& gt& gt We see that the debate about the death penalty has never stopped. The condemned man must be deprived of his citizenship and become a naked life. Only in this way can we legally deprive him of his rights and kill him. But even if all rights are lost, should a naked life itself, an animal-like body, be killed? Doesn't life itself have its own rights?

& gt& gt This institution has obtained two diametrically opposite political visions. It "is a two-sided existence, bearing both the submission to the supreme power and the individual freedom". We see the threat of animals from the pets in the arms of housewives. They are depriving people not only of their rights, but also of their feelings.

& gt& gt The greatest mission of a modern country is to protect, improve and strengthen the body.

& gt& gt Body is not only the political and economic object of the nation-state, but also the metaphor of the nation-state itself. It is said that it is a political and economic object because a child has accepted all kinds of knowledge since birth.

& gt& gt In this way, the body has become the focus of state power and the object in the eyes of the state.

& gt& gt According to Nietzsche, they are all forces themselves, and they are unified by the forces themselves.

& gt& gt Only when the individual body is strengthened can the national body be strengthened. They chase, play, attract and gather with each other.

& gt& gt Only when individuals are healthy can the national organism as a whole gain the upper hand in the contest with the enemy.

& gt& gt Do these single individual bodies not reflect the body of a country at the same time, but also reflect the body of a country at the same time, thus weaving into a body? Only in the process of strengthening, only under the framework of political unity, can this body, which is composed of individuals and countries, conquer the external body.

& gt& gt The instinct of a country's body should be conquered by symbolic power and factual power. Sports competition is a symbolic confrontation between countries, while military conflict is a factual confrontation between countries.

& gt& gt In this sense, the body and the closed space are always in a state of tension, and the body always has to break through the space that imprisons itself. Only when the forces of two opposing objects reach a temporary balance, only when the two objects are hesitant after calculation, and only when their respective spaces can temporarily bear the impact of the forces of the objects, can the spatial boundaries of the objects remain relatively stable.

The>& gt war is by no means caused by the pleasure of killing itself. War is a way to solve the body's survival, satisfy the body's instinct and satisfy the body's desire for space expansion and reproduction.

Only when rationality and impulse are properly combined at a certain moment can we find that China will launch its limited space war.

& gt& gt The former solution is not to expand the given space, but to reduce the population in the given space; The latter, in turn, does not reduce the established population, but expands the original space. In this way, civil war and foreign war, two large-scale killing forms, emerged as technologies to adjust the tension between population and space.

& gt& gt Sex either sticks to the bed of a legal couple or hides in some unknown dark corner.

> > In a sense, sex is no longer a special and private form of life practice. Sex has become an open and taboo ordinary life, neither ugly nor poetic; Neither dirty nor sacred.

& gt& gt Today, sex belongs neither to public politics nor to public morality, but only to self-technology. Sex can act independently and control itself. Sex no longer pursues established ethical laws, but creates and invents its own laws.

& gt& gt and jokes are like twins. They borrowed from each other and crossed all the spaces of daily life, invincible. Sometimes, the happiness of sexual discourse is better than the happiness of sex itself. Sexual discourse is like a whirlpool, which has both strong adsorption and strong penetration. It has broken through many obstacles and is everywhere.

& gt& gt The glory of the body is the glory of sex. Health is hidden by sex appeal and retreats to the silent zone of the body. The huge roar of the body is nothing more than the scream of sex in public.

& gt& gt In the long-term confrontation between body and mind, the external body image has also achieved a decisive leading position. The mind, which is increasingly regarded as a fictional invention, has been hollowed out.

& gt& gt According to Nietzsche's psychology, it is because the inner strength of the body cannot be vented outward that it has to turn inward to itself. Passion can't be imposed on others, or we can't find an external goal, so we have to turn around and aim at our own body. This is the loser's self-skill

& gt& gt The whole outside world has lost its light, and life is not in pure darkness, but in unbearable darkness. This unbearable, not through the way of suicide to erase the passion mercilessly, but through the way of suicide to awaken the passion violently and for the last time.

& gt& gt In Nietzsche's maxim, the purpose of rhetoric technology is to raise the volume, spread it far away, overwhelm other weak and mediocre cliches, and finally be heard.

> > Nietzsche's will to power is the center of his philosophy and body. Strength, philosophy and body have reached the trinity here in Nietzsche.

The characteristic of>& gt metaphysics is to seek the answer of existence.

& gt& gt The world of power and will is a world of confrontation. However, this confrontation conflict is not a neat couple conflict. These confrontational conflicts are different and playful, so they are changeable, constantly flowing and generated. It is also a rush and escape to any rules, patterns, axioms and laws, and a rush and escape to any stability.

Nothingness is the extinction of will, Schopenhauer's abandonment and disillusionment.

& gt& gt This nihilism is essentially abstinence. Go all out to make life cold, flesh and blood become zombies, prosperity become barren, expansion becomes contraction, changefulness becomes stagnation, reproduction becomes simplification, and diversity becomes integration.

Dialectics also recognizes conflicts, competitions and contradictions, but dialectics tries to solve these conflicts and contradictions at a higher level. It wants to unify these contradictions and make them coexist harmoniously. All the parties to these contradictions are integrated into one and become a whole. Dialectics is ultimately to eliminate absolute differences, absolute contradictions, absolute diversity, absolute unity and variability. The purpose of dialectics is stability and variability.

& gt& gt Genealogy >> Its purpose is much more humble and trivial. It focuses on ashes, traces, deviations and mistakes, faults, cracks, wounds and gullies, as well as sensory, sexual and dirty bodies.

& gt& gt On the contrary, the establishment of good will inevitably trample on evil, and vice versa. Good and evil refer to each other, one is based on the other, and the other is the opponent, playing endless relativism games. This kind of game, confrontation, suspicion and struggle are all driven by their own interests.

& gt& gt art is both super-moral and anti-logical.

& gt& gt Hair and body are neither homogeneous nor purely heterogeneous.

& gt& gt The body is the noumenon of hair. As far as causality is concerned, the relationship between body and hair is not loose, nor is it a loose metaphysical hierarchical axis, nor can it be skipped, cut corners or omitted.

The symbol of the>& gt body is animality. It is a sensory body, a living and keen sensory machine, and also a surging desire machine. It is a huge integrated organic energy source, and its internal dance is full of strength and madness. This kind of power and madness is born for pleasure and destroyed for pleasure. > > For hair, ego is always its emperor.

& gt& gt hair salon industry is an out-and-out formalism industry, a hollow industry and a symbol industry, which does not produce, proliferate, accumulate, change qualitatively and produce no effect; It is just a quantitative tinkering, it follows only a subtraction, it is an external, aesthetic and symbolic exchange production, and it is a useless industry.

& gt& gt beauty is a kind of body deception and a rhetorical writing of the body;

Philosophy is a challenge to taxonomy and essentialism. Repetition and difference of deconstruction in long hair practice.

& gt& gt If baldness and long hair have a tragic sense of dignity, dyeing hair has a funny sense of frivolity;

& gt& gt If long hair is modernist, dyeing hair is postmodern.

& gt& gt, in particular, pushed sex for pleasure underground, trying to make it silent, extinct and disappear.

& gt& gt Foucault called the above argument "repression hypothesis" in "The History of Sex".

& gt& gt While suppressing sexual pleasure, it breeds sexual pleasure.

& gt& gt Secret homosexuality or masturbation suddenly appears with a unique type and specific sexual practice, with a clear outline.

& gt& gt Giddens in the change of intimate relationship

& gt& gt "Many women have no sexual knowledge at all and can only tolerate men's sexual desire." Perhaps sexual ignorance is a complete sexual repression. Where is Victorian hedonism?

The sexual behavior of>& gt women is no longer confined to the family line, they are looking forward to receiving and providing sexual pleasure. Like men, they also have the desire to take risks outside marriage. In short, men and women are becoming more and more equal in sexual requirements and relationships.

> > Sex and procreation are separated, so as to get pleasure, and women gain autonomy, so as to reach a pure relationship with men.

& gt& gt The repression mentioned by Marcuse and Reich is the social repression of universal sexual energy.

& gt& gt If women have no autonomy, no equal relationship with men and no pleasure, then sexual liberation is impossible.

& gt& gt Wilde's view of democracy >:> The invention of contraception led to the separation of sex and fertility; Sex gained autonomy, and based on romantic love, women and men reached an equal and pure relationship; This pure relationship is a kind of democratic relationship, and ultimately the democratization of personal life politics leads to subversive influence on the social world. This is Giddens' logical argument in this book.

Body Politics in SARS Crisis >:> The patient was isolated, but it was abandoned isolation.

& gt& gt In fact, this is a crisis of faith and another form of attack on all kinds of optimism.