What should I do if I have a sudden myocardial infarction? Remember the doctor's two first-aid methods, which can save lives at critical moments.

A colleague in the emergency department told me that his mother was in good health. Yesterday, he quarreled with his father. As a result, he was sweating all over his chest, and his father was at a loss. Fortunately, he called his colleagues in time and was sent to the hospital in time under the guidance of the doctor's son, saving his mother's life. So today I'm going to give you some knowledge about fatal myocardial infarction. If you do, you won't be helpless.

The full name of myocardial infarction is acute myocardial infarction, which is a cardiac emergency with high clinical incidence. It is mainly caused by coronary artery stenosis or atherosclerosis, and the corresponding myocardial necrosis is caused by acute, severe and persistent ischemia and hypoxia of coronary artery.

The heart relies on myocardial contraction to complete nutrient exchange and pump blood, supplying energy for all organs of the body. Myocardial necrosis fundamentally affects the pumping function of the heart.

Myocardial infarction is a heart disease, but heart disease in a broad sense also includes abnormal ECG activity, such as arrhythmia. And what ordinary people call heart disease generally refers to life-threatening myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. The blood supply vessel of the heart is the coronary artery. If the heart is compared to a generator, then the coronary artery is its gear. If the coronary artery is narrow or blocked, it's like a gear rusted and stuck. Rust may still generate electricity, which is not smooth but can be maintained. This is angina pectoris; If the gear is stuck and completely trips, it can no longer work. This is a myocardial infarction.

Many people think that myocardial infarction is like a disaster from the sky, without warning or trace.

Actually, it's not like this. There are many specific clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction, mainly manifested as sudden squeezing pain in the precordial area, accompanied by a sense of near death (the world is over, I can't live). May be accompanied by severe nausea, even frequent vomiting, pale face, sweating. Some people are too weak to speak.

People with heart disease may have quick-acting pills and nitroglycerin in their hands, but even if they eat nitroglycerin, their symptoms often cannot be alleviated. Of course, some patients begin to feel less pain, and the pain and discomfort may get worse after getting up in the morning or overeating. Most patients with myocardial infarction have a certain time trajectory, and 50-80% of them have prodromal symptoms such as fatigue, chest tightness, discomfort, palpitation and irritability after exercise a few days before onset.

In addition to the typical manifestations, myocardial infarction may also be "heart disease, pain elsewhere." This kind of pain is called "radiation pain"

Some people start with epigastric pain, which is very common in clinic, especially in the elderly. Because the heart nerve is visceral nerve, its position is inaccurate, and the anatomical position of chest and abdomen is very close, it is mistaken for abdominal diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, digestive tract ulcer and pancreatitis. Experienced surgeons may find that patients have difficulty breathing and cyanosis (blue skin, fingers, lips, etc.). And arrhythmia, and consider the possibility of myocardial infarction.

Some patients' pain radiates to the mandible, neck and upper back, and they are mistaken for toothache and bone pain, but they are treated in stomatology and orthopedics, wasting valuable life-saving time.

If acute myocardial infarction is not effectively treated, it often dies within a few hours after the onset. The reason is not only because the disease itself is dangerous, but more importantly, whether it has been properly treated in the early stage of the disease.

If sent to the hospital, with the current medical means, whether it is the internal medicine department of the capital top three or the county hospital, it can basically get effective treatment. Therefore, it is very important to give first aid outside the hospital and strive for the greatest opportunity in the shortest time. The earlier you receive treatment, the better your chances of survival.

Before the myocardial death, the narrow or even blocked coronary artery should be opened as soon as possible to restore the blood supply to the heart and rescue the dying myocardium. If the time is delayed for too long, the myocardium will be "dead" and no treatment can "come back to life".

Therefore, in the rescue of acute myocardial infarction, "time is myocardium and time is life".

So, what should be done to find patients with acute myocardial infarction?

Sudden myocardial infarction, remember the doctor's two first-aid methods, and you can save your life at a critical moment.

Whether you suspect that you may have made a myocardial infarction, or that your family or witnesses may have made a myocardial infarction, the most basic first aid principle is mainly "relaxing inside and tightening outside". It means relaxed in thought and compact in behavior.

Tension and anxiety will increase the burden of myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, and the pain of myocardial infarction has the fear of dying. If you are nervous and anxious again, it will undoubtedly make things worse. Peace of mind is conducive to clear thinking and prioritization. Where is the first-aid medicine, and which hospital is the nearest chest pain center? Call 120 to tell the time and direction. If you are a person, you need to call 120 to inform your relatives who can help you. If a family member or relative is sick, a calm mind can alleviate the patient's nervousness and fear, make the right decision, and not be helpless.

However, it should be noted that relaxing in the heart does not mean carelessness, thinking that there is nothing wrong, just bear it for a while, and often miss the best treatment time window.

Call the emergency number 120 immediately, explain your symptoms, address and name accurately, and take nitroglycerin, aspirin, etc. according to the doctor's advice. It doesn't matter if you don't have any related drugs on you, don't buy them yourself, stop your activities immediately, lie down or sit down quietly (just make yourself comfortable) and wait for the doctor to arrive.

If relatives or passers-by witness severe myocardial infarction, sudden death, unconsciousness and spontaneous breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out immediately. The middle and lower sternum (male nipple junction) should be pressed 30 times a cycle, then the patient's airway should be opened, artificial respiration should be performed twice, and chest compressions should be continued until the patient regains consciousness or a professional doctor arrives.

1. Healthy living habits

Avoid overwork and stay calm and relaxed. Eat less foods high in sugar, salt and fat, and eat more vegetables and coarse grains. Tobacco and alcohol can easily lead to atherosclerosis, so quit smoking and limit alcohol, take a walk when you have time and exercise properly.

4. Reduce or avoid incentives.

Try not to take a bath or exercise excessively when you are full or hungry. Cold often induces acute myocardial infarction, sudden cooling or cold air strikes, so keep warm and add clothes and quilts.

If you have a myocardial infarction, you should pay more attention to secondary prevention.

Secondary prevention refers to preventing the recurrence of cardiac accidents after the rescue of acute myocardial infarction. The probability of recurrence within 2 years after myocardial infarction is very high, and patients and their families must be highly vigilant. Supervise patients to quit smoking and limit alcohol; It is necessary to develop good eating habits, a peaceful mind, and insist on rehabilitation exercise. After myocardial infarction, insist on taking lipid-regulating and antiplatelet drugs, control risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes, and review regularly.

Conclusion: Healthy behavior habits can prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction. However, "everyone who eats whole grains is not sick". When they encounter a myocardial infarction, they should quickly identify and judge, calmly deal with it, and do the most basic treatment before the arrival of professional doctors, so as to save more dying myocardium and improve the survival rate and long-term quality of life of patients.