What happened to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties that split for 369 years?

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"Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" is a dark "troubled times" in China history. During this period, warlord melee and local separatist regimes emerged one after another, ethnic invasions continued, political power was overthrown, population migration was frequent, and disasters continued; Only the Western Jin Dynasty lasted for 36 years, which was barely a nominal "unification", but its internal conflicts and struggles were also extremely tragic. For more than 400 years, multiple contradictions have intertwined, forming a huge and lasting "historical vortex", which has been lamented by historians.

From the perspective of great history, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were not only the disintegration period of the old order in Qin and Han Dynasties, but also the gestation period of the new vitality in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The important factor that runs through the two processes and has a far-reaching impact on the historical trend is the relationship between clan and state and its interactive mechanism.

A: Nothing complicated. It's very simple: before and after the Han Dynasty, Zhao, West Sanqin, North and South Yan, Northwest Cool, South Cool, Fox Summer. Sixteen countries! Plus Qiu Chi, Dai Guo, Koguryo, Wei Ran, Saixixi, Tu Gu Hun, Xi Shu and Zhai Wei. Wuhu: Hungary, Qiang, Czech Republic and Korea. Needless to say, southern dynasties and northern dynasties? Everyone knows Song Qi and Chen Liang. This piece of shit is worse than a third-grade math problem! Is there anything else that won't? ! Joke! The corruption and internal killing of Sima family in the Western Jin Dynasty greatly weakened the power of the Han regime, and the minority forces headed by Xiongnu in the north took the opportunity to go south and established political power in succession. Fu Jian was one of the most outstanding monarchs in the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and even in the ancient history of China. His weakness is that he is too idealistic about Confucian ruling thought and too kind to the defeated enemies, not only for Mu Rongchui, Yao Chang and others, but also for Zhu Xu, who played an important role in the Battle of Feishui. At the same time, the large-scale migration of ethnic groups has also shaken the ruling foundation, thus laying the foundation for future ruin. If Fu Jian can consolidate its rule in the north and prevent and cut off separatist forces according to Wang Meng's last words, the history of China will be rewritten.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are officially called the Three Kingdoms, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, which is a stage from division to integration in China's history. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (AD 220-AD 589) was the most frequent period of regime change in China's history. Due to the long-term feudal regime and continuous wars, the development of China culture in this period was particularly affected. Its outstanding performance is the introduction of Buddhism, the rise of metaphysics, the rise of Taoism and the introduction of Persian and Greek culture. During the 300-odd years from Wei Dynasty to Sui Dynasty, the development of Confucianism and the image and historical position of Confucius in this period became complicated due to the interaction and infiltration of many new cultural factors mentioned above.

/b 64543 a 98226 cffc 90 18 ed 7 bb 20 14a 90 f 703 eacd？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 First of all, the reigning dynasties were generally unstable. All walks of life have not been deeply baptized by war and struggle, are not adapted enough, and are prone to turmoil. In particular, Jin usurped Wei is based on Wei usurped Han, which is even more fragile.

Secondly, the foreign policy of "pulling one faction and fighting another faction" adopted since the Eastern Han Dynasty (which has been used until the Wei and Jin Dynasties) can not completely eradicate foreign invasion; In particular, border residents are allowed to move in, and foreigners who move in cannot be quickly sinicized. When the dynasty was strong, there was no big problem. Once the guest is strong, chaos will occur.

Third, the Jin Dynasty used the enfeoffment system to maintain Sima's rule, which was the way to take chaos at that time. People from all walks of life in the mainland were unstable, but the governors witnessed Jin usurping Wei and were ambitious. Without the explosion of Jia Nanfeng, kings would make trouble in other aspects.

The chaos lasted for 300 years, which was a concentrated outbreak of the policy of "controlling foreign countries with foreign countries" and "border people moving inward" All ethnic groups took turns to take the stage, and the war continued, but it also created an opportunity for great integration for the Chinese nation.

Great division and civil strife-Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220-589)

1. During the 405 years from the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the Eastern Han Dynasty (184) to the unification of the whole country in the Sui Dynasty (589), China was divided for 365 years and civil strife lasted for 395 years.

2. From the Yellow turban insurrectionary (184) to Cao Pi's usurpation of the Han Dynasty (220) and the destruction of Wu in the West (280) to the establishment of the Han Dynasty (304), China was unified, while China was divided in other 365 years.

3. 10 (Taikang period) China was stable, and civil strife continued for the remaining 395 years.

4. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ended 365 years of division (220-280, 304-589) and 395 years of civil strife (184-280, 290-589), and made outstanding contributions to China, which will be immortal! ! !

/359 b 033 b 5 bb 5c 9 EAF 0 e 85 12 ade 39 b 6003 BF3 B3 e 4？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 I. Three Kingdoms (220-280).

1, in 220, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and established the State of Wei, known as Cao Wei (220-266). In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, and established the Han State, which was called Shu Han in history (221-263); In 222, Sun Quan became king (emperor in 229), and the State of Wu was established, which was named in history (222-280).

In 2.263, Wei destroyed Shu; In 266, the Western Jin Dynasty usurped Wei; In 280, Jin destroyed Wu and the world was unified.

II. Sixteen States of Jin Dynasty

1 and in 266, Sima Yan usurped Wei to establish the State of Jin, which was called the Western Jin in history. In 280, Jin destroyed Wu and unified the whole country.

2. After the Eight Kings Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty (266-3 16) (29 1-306), the national strength declined. In 3 16, Luoyang was captured by Xiongnu Han and the Western Jin Dynasty perished.

In 3.3 17, Si Marui proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 420, Emperor Wu usurped the Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420) perished.

In 4.304, Li Xiong and Liu Yuan founded the country in Shu (became Han), and established Han and Zhao (later called Zhao Qian) in the Central Plains respectively, and the Sixteen Countries began.

In 439, Tuoba Tao (Taizu) of the Northern Wei Dynasty destroyed the northern cool and unified the north. During this period, Jiangnan and Jingxiang areas of China were controlled by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, while more than 20 countries were established in the north and southwest. Among them, sixteen countries, namely,, Houzhao, Beiliang, Xiliang, Nanliang, Yan Qian, Houyan, Southern Yan, Beiyan, Xia, Qianqin, Xiqin and Houqin, are relatively strong and collectively referred to as sixteen countries (304-439). Among them, the former Qin dynasty once unified the north, but after the death of Fu Jian, the north fell into chaos again.

Three. Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589)

1 and in 420, Emperor Wu usurped Jin, the Eastern Jin perished, and the Southern Dynasty began. In 589, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and China was unified.

Tuoba in 2.439? The establishment of Wei, known as the Northern Wei in history, began in the Northern Dynasty. In 534, Yuanshan Jian proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, and Yuanbao lived in Chang 'an in 535. The Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei. In 550, Gao Yang usurped the Eastern Wei Dynasty and established the Northern Qi Dynasty. In 557, Northern Qi was destroyed by Northern Zhou Dynasty. In 556, Yu Wenxuan usurped the Western Wei Dynasty and established the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty usurped the Zhou Dynasty, established the Sui Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished.

4. In 420 AD, Emperor Wu of Song usurped the gold and established the State of Song, which was known in history. In 479, Xiao Daocheng usurped the Song Dynasty and established the State of Qi, known as Nanqi in history. In 50 1 year, the state of Liang was established by usurping Qi, which was called Nanliang in history. In 557, Liang usurped the throne and established the State of Chen, known as Shi. In 589, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and unified China.

/0df 43 1 adcbef 7609497 dcb 5625 DD a3 cc7 DD 99 e 80？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were the most frequent periods of regime change in China's history. Due to the long-term feudal regime and continuous wars, the development of China culture in this period was particularly affected. Its outstanding performance is the rise of metaphysics, the prosperity of Taoism and the introduction of Persian and Greek culture. During the 300-odd years from Wei Dynasty to Sui Dynasty, the development of Confucianism and the image and historical position of Confucius in this period became complicated due to the interaction and infiltration of many new cultural factors mentioned above.

China has a long history of 5,000 years, which is worth studying! Careful friends may find a rule: the history of China is divided and combined, and it goes on and on. The first unification began in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period) and was unified by the State of Qin. The second division was unified by the establishment of the Sui Dynasty by Emperor Wendi, the consort of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The third time was the mutiny between Zhao Kuangyin and Chen Qiao, the general of the Zhou Dynasty, which established unification in the Song Dynasty (of course, this unification was not as good as the previous two). They are all unified from "Zhou", which is referred to as "cycle after cycle" for short.

Today we are going to talk about the second great division period, that is, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (also known as the Six Dynasties). Needless to say, this period of history is the most chaotic, tragic and longest period in China's feudal society for thousands of years. It started in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty and ended in the unification of China by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. In the meantime, it can be divided into the Three Kingdoms period, the Western Jin Dynasty, the Sixteen Countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (also known as the Sixteen Countries in Wuhu or the China Period in Wuye), and then the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Nearly 400 years of division.

Everyone was familiar with the Three Kingdoms period, but it may not be clear in the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the late period of the Three Kingdoms, the three clans returned to Jin, and Sima seized the Wei regime and established the Jin Dynasty, thus realizing the short-term reunification of China. However, at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Jia Nanfeng was in charge, which led to the Eight Kings' Rebellion (known as Yongjia Rebellion in history), and then the northern minorities rose in succession and became kings on their own. See the Han people as enemies, slaves and even food. Killing the Han people plunged the north into a hell on earth. After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the small court in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was only in the southern corner, unable to make the Northern Expedition. The big families in the north have moved to the south, and the poor families can only be trampled by the Hu people, and there are countless books!

Five Hu in the five chaotic flowers refers to Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jiezu, Di and Qiang. But in fact, there are not only these five, but also many ethnic groups, but these are the most rampant, especially the Jie people, who commit many evils and kill people like hemp. Eventually aroused the hatred of the Han nationality, and finally ended in genocide.

The five lakes and sixteen countries ended in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and then the Northern and Southern Dynasties began. Since the slave Emperor Wu of Song was sent to establish the Song Dynasty, the Southern Dynasty has experienced four dynasties: Song Qi Liang Chen, while in the North, it is Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou.

The final unification was realized by Emperor Wen of Sui, the consort of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and then the prosperous situation of the unification of Sui and Tang Dynasties was opened!

Simply put, it is the sum of the three, Wei is, Jin is the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and finally the Southern and Northern Dynasties. This era is the first long-term scuffle since the reunification of Qin.

I'll give you a timeline description, which is all in my memory. Remind me to correct it in the wrong comment. I won't answer many questions in detail. Let's string them together.

/b 80 14 a 90 f 603738d 3c 8d 5 febb 8 1bb 05 1f 9 19ec 30？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 in chronological order:

1, the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu began to exert their strength. First Wei destroyed Shu, then Wei changed. Sima Qian Cao changed his country name to Jin. Does this count as Jin destroying Wei and Jin destroying Wu? At this time, the world returned to the great unity, which was the Western Jin Dynasty.

The Western Jin Dynasty was quickly destroyed by the Xiongnu Han State rising in the north, and the remaining snobbish forces were re-established in the south, which is the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Then most of the time in the north was a scuffle between conference semifinals. These two parts coexist at the same time, which can be called the five colors and sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

After that, the North and South developed in parallel, and the Eastern Jin became Liu Song, and the North became a country, the Northern Wei. At this time, the Northern and Southern Dynasties began.

After the parallel development, the south changed to a country in turn, Song Qi Liangchen. The Northern Wei Dynasty started in the north, then split into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei, and later became the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties respectively. After that, the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty. At this time, the rulers of the Northern Zhou Dynasty were still Xianbei people.

After 5, a Han Chinese with Xianbei descent usurped the throne in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and changed his country name to Sui. At that time, there were two countries in the world, North Sui and South Chen.

6 After the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, the world was unified.

Basically, there are several major events. With the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Han people in the north moved southward on a large scale. This is the first great migration of population in history, which is called "crossing the south through the canopy" and has promoted the development of the South. Second, I think so. Before the Sui Dynasty, there was a relatively pure legal system of the Han regime, and the last one was Chen. Not since the Sui Dynasty, it has become a Chinese nation.

Just the sauce. I won't go into details if it's too much. I'll give you a framework, in other people's answers.

Thinking of one, Liang Qichao said that no country has ever been the most upright, and no Chen Baxian is correct. It should be said that he saved the regime of the Han people.

The subject's question is so huge that it may never be finished if you really want to say it. Some of the above answers have outlined the historical route of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, so I will talk about it from other aspects.

Generally speaking, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties refer to the split period of hundreds of years.

This period is an important node in the historical development of China.

It can be said that without the precipitation of this period, there would be no prosperity after the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

As we all know, the royal family in Sui and Tang Dynasties was not pure Han Chinese. The Guanlong Group they represent is mixed with many Hu people's lineages.

Tracing back to the source, their earliest lineage of Hu people came from the Hu people who went south during the May 4th chaos.

Nowadays, many articles on the Internet will be saddened by the mention of "five disorderly flowers", saying that the Han people were slaughtered and bullied, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was partial to the south of the Yangtze River. All these statements are correct, which was a common phenomenon at that time.

But history is like a human hand, with a palm and a back.

In addition to blood, some positive phenomena have gradually emerged. Hu Han in the north began to merge, and the lifestyles and cultural psychology of the two groups blended with each other, forming a new group.

On this basis, the mature Guanlong Group took over the scepter of history and stepped onto the historical stage, thus creating a bright and prosperous China.

As Mr. Chen Yinque said, Hu people injected new vitality into the declining China, which became one of the origins of the prosperity of Sui and Tang Dynasties.

/9825 BC 3 15c 6034 a 87494 ea 48 c 0 13495408237680？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 It is said that Wei's first CEO was Cao Cao, but he was listed on the backdoor. At this time, the nominal chairman of the company was Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, but everyone knew that this was the last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Cao's control of state affairs aroused the dissatisfaction of the local warlords who mastered the military power, so they claimed to have the secret order of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and accused Cao Cao of being a thief of Han Dynasty. Cao Cao was not to be outdone: Qing Yan broke the yellow turban insurrectionary, Lu Bu was captured by the white gate, Guandu fought Yuan Shao, and Huainan levied Yuan Shu, and the world was instantly destroyed. Unexpectedly, a man who weaves mats and sells shoes claimed to be a descendant of the Han Dynasty and competed with Cao Cao. His name is Liu Bei. Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao, so he made an alliance with Sun Shi in Jiangdong and defeated Cao Cao in Chibi, thus winning three points in the world. After Cao Cao's death, his son, Cao Pi, threatened Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to abdicate and founded the Cao Wei Dynasty. Liu Bei and Sun Quan also proclaimed themselves emperors one after another and founded Shu Han and Dongwu.

In other words, neither Shu nor Wu is as vast as Cao Wei. In order to protect themselves, they have to engage in land development and try to grow more food and feed more soldiers with limited land. As a result, Jiangnan and Sichuan have been vigorously developed, from the wild and barren land in the past to the gentle and rich land. But this is a long process. Shu and Wu were beaten to the brink of extinction by Cao Wei in the north before they had accumulated enough strength, but Wei did not expect his courtiers Sima family to follow Cao Cao's backdoor listing and put themselves on the shelf. The Sima family successfully replaced Cao Wei to establish the Western Jin Dynasty, successfully destroyed Shu and Wu, and unified the whole country.

Although the world was unified, the troubled times did not end there: Sima family did not strive for progress from the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, but sought pleasure, and intrigued with each other for power and profit, which eventually led to the chaos of the Eight Kings. Seeing the Sima family killing each other in the Western Jin Dynasty, the conference semifinals led by Xiongnu, Xianbei, Anta, Qiang and five tribes were happy. Isn't this a good opportunity for them to March into the Central Plains? Liu Yuan is a descendant of the southern Xiongnu leader who joined the Han Dynasty. Because the ancestors married the Han royal family, he was given the surname Liu and called himself the nephew of the Han family. Now seeing the Western Jin royal family killing each other, he openly rebelled against the Han family in dispatch troops. Schleswig-Holstein was born a slave of the Jie family and was sold by others. Later, he took refuge in Liu Yuan and became a general from a slave overnight. These two men crisscrossed the Central Plains and finally destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty.

/f 1 1 F3 a 292 df 5 e 0 febf 02 DBC 8576034 a 85 fdf 72 e 4？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, a branch of Sima's family established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River, while Schleswig in the north betrayed the former Zhao Dynasty created by Liu's family, and started its own business. Since then, the northern regime has changed frequently, and sixteen countries established by different nationalities have appeared before and after, which is called "Five Lakes and Sixteen Countries" in history. The former Qin Dynasty in the Sixteen Countries was once powerful and unified the North in one fell swoop. Later, the former Qin dynasty went south to attack the state of Jin, but the Jin army won more with less in the battle of Feishui. Qian Qin, who retreated to the north, found that all the countries he conquered had the ambition to revive the country, and they did not completely control the whole north. Soon, the Zionist forces of various countries betrayed the former Qin Dynasty in succession, and the northern land once again fell into a period of great division and great turmoil. The relative stability in the south has attracted a large number of people from the Central Plains to help the elderly and bring the young to the south, and the Jiangnan area has been further developed.

After the Battle of Feishui, the Eastern Jin Dynasty saw the north split again, so it sent troops to the Northern Expedition to recover lost ground. In this process, an outstanding general, Emperor Wu of Song, emerged. It destroyed Huan Chu, Southern Yan and the later Qin, and pushed the territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to Chang 'an in Guanzhong. In this process, he gradually mastered the military power, and finally he learned the trick of Cao Cao and Sima Jia-usurping Sima Jia's country. When Emperor Wu of Song was busy usurping the throne, the Tuoba Xianbei tribe in the north began to grow bigger and bigger. Emperor Wu of song, however, unified the north and founded the Northern Wei Dynasty. Since then, China has been divided into two dynasties, namely the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Since then, the South has experienced four dynasties: Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, while the Northern Wei was first divided into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei, and then replaced by the Northern Qi and the Northern Zhou respectively.

Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty highly praised the Chinese culture in the Central Plains. Under his leadership, the Northern Wei Dynasty quickly launched a comprehensive sinicization reform movement: Xianbei people began to give up their own languages, costumes and surnames, and instead spoke Chinese, wore Hanfu and took Han surnames, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Xianbei conservative forces, especially after the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved from Pingcheng, not far from the Great Wall, to Luoyang, which is located in the Central Plains, the Northern Wei court paid less and less attention to the soldiers stationed in the North. Just at this time, a new nomadic people rose on the northern grassland, and the Han people under the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which had been highly localized, embarked on the road of fighting Rouran in order to defend their homes, relatives and Xianbei children. In order to defend our country, the contradiction between * * * and the target nation began to fade, and at the same time, a large number of hybrids with Han and Xianbei descent began to emerge. So these soldiers guarding northern Xinjiang and their families no longer distinguish themselves by nationality, but divide ethnic groups by region based on the military town where they were born.

As the imperial court became more and more indifferent to these garrisons, the unbearable soldiers rose up and overthrew the Northern Wei Dynasty. Gao Huan and Yu Wentai, who rose in the garrison uprising, helped a prince in the Northern Wei Dynasty to be a puppet, and created two dynasties, the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty. Later, their descendants simply abolished the puppet and proclaimed themselves emperor, resulting in the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The originally weak Northern Zhou Dynasty became more and more powerful in the hands of a generation of Yuwen Yong, while the Northern Qi Dynasty fell into the whirlpool of the royal family killing each other, and finally the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi and unified the North.

At the beginning of the Yu Wentai Uprising, it relied on the support of the Eight Pillars countries, almost all of which were aristocratic children of Han nationality and Xianbei mixed race. Eight-pillar countries include Yu Wentai himself and a puppet of yuanshi county county's children, so what is actually left is Six-pillar countries, and each country is assisted by two generals, thus forming the Guanlong aristocratic group headed by twelve generals of Eight-pillar countries. The Yang family in Sui Dynasty and Lee in Tang Dynasty both came from this noble group. Du Guxin's three daughters were married to Yu Wenshi, Yang family and Lee respectively, which was really the best father-in-law in the three dynasties. In other words, from the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty and then to the Tang Dynasty, it was a torn war between a group of cousins.

It is worth noting that the unification of Sui and Tang Dynasties is by no means a pie falling from the sky. It was in that long and dark era of great turmoil and great division that countless Chinese ancestors explored hard and gave birth to the prosperity of Sui and Tang Dynasties. From the Yellow Scarf Uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the unification of the whole country by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the population of China dropped sharply from 50.07 million to120,000, which makes people sigh that this is a history of cannibalism.

/6d 8 1800 a 19d 8 BC 3 e 8 a 7 e 5403898 ba 6 1 ea9d 34580？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 We might as well start with the word "Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties", which refers to Cao Wei among the three countries. Because Cao Cao held the emperor to make the princes, Xelloss was abdicated by the Han Dynasty after he succeeded to the throne, so Wei was orthodox, but the duration was too short, and after the young emperor Cao Fang was abolished, Cao Wei was completely held hostage by the Sima family. "Jin" mainly refers to the Western Jin established by Sima Jia after the demise of the Three Kingdoms, and the Eastern Jin, which was later separated by the south and maintained half of the country. At this time, the north is the era of "five lakes and sixteen countries" (excluding the generation of the country). "Northern and Southern Dynasties" refers to several dynasties formed by the confrontation between the North and the South after the official demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The south includes Song, Qi, Liang and Chen dynasties, and the north has descendants of Daiguo, namely Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou. The "Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" didn't officially end until the Sui Dynasty was established, China was unified from the north to the south, and the Eastern Han Dynasty perished.

In addition to the word Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there is also the usage of "Six Dynasties" to refer to this period. The Six Dynasties refer to, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. These dynasties are basically the same as Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The characteristic is that these six dynasties were established in Jiangdong area, and all countries are building health (or building powers, that is, Nanjing today).

Sixteen States

Liu Yuan, a Hun, established the Han regime (later Liu Yao changed his country name to Zhao, which was called in history). In 3 16 AD, Liu Yao, the son of Liu Yuan, captured Chang 'an and captured Di Chin, and the country perished in the Western Jin Dynasty. After 52 years of four emperors, the north entered the so-called "five Hu and sixteen countries" era.