Who is Zhuge Liang?

Zhuge Liang (181-234), courtesy name Kongming, nicknamed Wolong (also known as Fulong), was a native of Langxieyangdu (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province), Han nationality. An outstanding politician, strategist, essayist, calligrapher, and inventor of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. He rose to the rank of prime minister, and was named Wuxiang Hou when he was alive. After his death, he was posthumously named Zhongwu Hou. The Eastern Jin Dynasty regime named him King Wuxing because of his military talents. His representative works of prose include "Chu Shi Biao", "Book of Commandments", etc. He invented the wooden cow and flowing horse, the Kongming lantern, etc., and modified the repeating crossbow, called the Zhuge repeating crossbow, which can fire ten arrows with one crossbow. He died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji) in the 12th year of Jianxing (234). He was posthumously named Zhongwuhou, so later generations often addressed him as Wuhou and Zhugewuhou. Zhuge Liang "dedicated himself to death" throughout his life, and was a representative figure of loyal ministers and wise men in the life of traditional Chinese literary figures. An official family in the county, the Zhuge family is a prominent family in Langxie. The ancestor Zhuge Feng once served as a Sili school captain during the Yuan Dynasty of the Western Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui served as the county magistrate of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died of illness when he was 3 years old. Zhuge Liang lost his father when he was 8 years old. Together with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the governor of Yuzhang by Yuan Shu, to Yuzhang. The Eastern Han Dynasty court sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan, so Zhuge Xuan went to Jingzhou Liu Biao]? Jian'an II In 197, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness; Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty had escaped from Chang'an Li Jue and moved to Cao Cao's Xu County. Zhuge Liang was 16 years old at this time. He loved to recite "Liang Fu Yin" and often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. People at that time looked down upon him. Only his friends Xu Shu and Cui Zhouping believed in his talents. He had friendships with Sima Hui, Pang Degong, Huang Chengyan and other celebrities in Xiangyang at that time. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can match yours." Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and married her. People at that time used it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't be like Kong Ming when choosing a wife, or you will get an ugly girl like A Cheng." However, there is also a saying that Huang Yueying is extremely beautiful, so she is disliked by other young women in the village. He disparaged her appearance out of jealousy. At the time of Longzhong's countermeasures, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed troops in Xinye. Later, when Sima Hui met with Liu Bei, he said: "Those Confucian scholars are all ignorant people. How can they understand the current affairs and situation? Only those who can understand the current affairs and situations are outstanding. At this time, only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Fengchu (Pang Tong) )." Zhuge Liang was recommended by Xu Shu. Liu Bei hoped that Xu Shu would invite Liang to see him, but Xu Shu suggested: "You can go to see this man, but you can't let him come here." [5]? Liu Bei. So he went to Longzhong in person to visit, and he only met Zhuge Liang after three visits (known as "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" in history). After meeting Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei asked others to avoid him and asked him: "Now the Han Dynasty is in decline, traitors are using the emperor's orders to do things, and the emperor has lost his power. I did not measure my own virtue and ability, and wanted to revive the world with great righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy were short and insufficient, so I often failed until today. However, my ambition has not yet calmed down. Do you have any plans to help me? "Zhuge Liang then presented to him the plan of dividing the world into three parts, and analyzed the situation in which Cao Cao was unavailable and Sun Quan could come to his aid. He also elaborated on the cowardice of the state pastors in Jing and Yi states, which could be exploited, and only with these two states could he take advantage of them. Only the state can conquer the world; he also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This discussion was later called "Longzhong Dui". After hearing this, Liu Bei praised it and strongly invited Zhuge Liang to help him, so Liu Bei often went out to fight with him. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were very unhappy. Liu Bei explained to them: "I have Kong Ming, just like a fish in water. I hope you won't talk anymore." [6] The "Longzhong Dui" proposed by Zhuge Liang was the basic national policy of Liu Bei and Shu Han in the following decades. In the thirteenth year of the Chibi War in Jian'an (208 years), Liu Biao's wife Liu Qi's stepmother Cai made repeated slanders. , Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi.

Zhuge Liang was buried in the Tomb of Marquis Wu in Mian County, Dingjun Mountain. Zhuge Liang once pointed out in the above table that he had no extra property, only 800 mulberry trees and 15 hectares of land, and all he had was granted by the court. Even though his son was self-sufficient, he had no extra property. Sure enough, Zhuge Liang was like this until his death. Even before his death, he ordered that he only need to dig a hole for burial. It is enough for the coffin to be put in. He can wear ordinary clothes and does not need other burial objects. [20] Thirty years after Zhuge Liang's death, his eldest son Zhuge Zhan and eldest grandson Zhuge Shang died in the Battle of Mianzhu.