What terrier was Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties?

The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (also known as the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties) is the most frequent period of regime change in China's history, which is mainly divided into the Three Kingdoms (Cao Wei, Shu Han and Wu Zhou), the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. During these 360 years (AD 220-AD 589), more than 30 dynasties, large and small, rose and fell alternately. Due to the long-term feudal regime and constant wars, its outstanding performance is the rise of metaphysics, the introduction of Buddhism, the prosperity of Taoism and the introduction of Persian and Greek cultures.

Brief introduction to history

The Three Kingdoms (220 -280) is a period in the history of China, which is mainly composed of three regimes: Cao Wei, Shu Han and Sun Wu. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the three countries were at war for years, resulting in a sharp drop in China's population and serious economic damage. Therefore, all three countries attach great importance to economic development, and with the demand brought by the war, various technologies have made a lot of progress.

184, the yellow turban insurrectionary broke out during the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty. In order to stabilize the local situation, Zhou Mu took control of the local area. Then the court was controlled by warlord Dong Zhuo. Because of civil strife, a powerful local shepherd rebelled against Dong Zhuo. /kloc-in 0/90, Dong Zhuo held the imperial court hostage and moved the capital, and local state pastoralists distributed land in succession. Dong Zhuo was finally assassinated by Lu Bu and Wang Yun, and Chang 'an was finally occupied by Li Jue. Emperor Xian of Han took the opportunity to flee to the east, and was welcomed to Xuchang by Cao Cao in 196 to rebuild an. Cao Cao adopted the policy of "serving the emperor to make the princes" (commonly known as "relying on the emperor to make the princes"), defeated many forces, defeated Yuan Shao in the battle of Guandu in 200, and took control of northern China in 2008. However, in that winter, Battle of Red Cliffs was defeated by Sun and Liu Lianjun, forming the embryonic form of a tripartite confrontation. In 220, Cao Cao died of illness, and his son Xelloss forced Xian Di to abdicate. The founding name is Wei, and the history is called Cao Wei. At this point, the Eastern Han Dynasty perished and officially entered the Three Kingdoms period. The following year, Liu Bei, who was dominated by Yizhou, also proclaimed himself emperor, and his title continued to be Han, which was called by history. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei and Sun Quan expanded their power. The two sides have had many disputes and wars over Jingzhou. Finally, in 222, Liu Bei lost the battle of Yiling, and Sun Quan won most of Jingzhou. In the second year of Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang assisted his son Liu Chan and reunited with Sun Quan in the same year. According to reports, Sun Quan from Yangzhou, Jingzhou and Jiaozhou didn't become emperor until 229. His country name was Wu, which was called Sun Wu or Dongwu in history. The situation of the three countries is mainly that Shu and Wu jointly fought against Wei, and the territory of each country has not changed much. The Cao Wei court was gradually controlled by Sima. In 263, Si Mazhao prepared to usurp the throne and make meritorious military service, and launched the war to destroy Shu, and Shu Han died. Two years later, Si Mazhao died, and his son Sima Yan abandoned Emperor Wei Yuan to stand on his own feet. His title was Jin, known as the Western Jin in history, and Cao Wei died. In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty launched the Jin-Wu War, which destroyed the sun and Wu and unified China. At this point, the Three Kingdoms period ended and entered the Jin Dynasty.

The Jin Dynasty (265 -420) was one of the six dynasties, inheriting the Three Kingdoms and connecting the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is divided into the Western Jin Dynasty (265 -3 16) and the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17 -420). Sima clan was a Cao Wei clan in the Three Kingdoms period, and took control of the Wei regime after the Gao Ping Ling incident. In 265 AD, Cao Huan, the Emperor of Wei Yuan, was forced to sit in the meditation position, with the title of Jin, that is, Emperor Wu of Jin. In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Sun Wu and unified the world, but the situation of peace and stability only lasted for a short period of more than ten years. After Emperor Jinhui succeeded to the throne, the court gradually became chaotic, and the kings who mastered the military power fought for power one after another, which was known as the Eight Kings Rebellion in history. After the Jin Dynasty was badly weakened, the nationalities who moved in took the opportunity to dispatch troops, resulting in five chaos, and a large number of people and clans began to cross south. In 3 16, the western Jin dynasty perished, and the north entered the period of five lakes and sixteen countries.

In 3 17, Si Marui, the imperial clan of the Jin Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to the map of southern China. The clansmen and civilians in the Central Plains have moved southward in succession, forming a situation in which China's northern expatriates and southern aborigines live together. In the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Dao and others adopted the strategy of "town and town" to stabilize the situation. With the decline of imperial power, imperial power was mainly controlled by imperial clan. Due to the weight of soldiers in internal affairs, the imperial control was weak, and many towns were ambitious. Wang Dun rebellion, Soviet rebellion and Huan Wen dictatorship occurred successively. Although some nobles in power had the intention to recover lost ground and launched several northern expeditions before and after, the imperial court was worried that careerists would expand their power by this, and most of them gave negative support. In 383, the former Qin Dynasty sent a Buddhist teacher to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the face of the disaster of national subjugation, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the monarch and ministers are united in one mind, and the water war will win. Xie Xuan and other generals succeeded in recovering a lot of lost land, which led to the disintegration of the former Qin Dynasty and the change of the military and political pattern in the north. However, in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, factional competition and Huan Xuan Uprising occurred again. The burden on civilians was heavy, and Sun En and Lu Xun rebelled again. Qiao Zong also stood on his own two feet. Finally, Emperor Wu of Song rose, pacified the chaos, won the throne with military strength, and entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 -589) began in 420 when Emperor Wu usurped the Eastern Jin Dynasty to establish the Southern Song Dynasty, and ended in 589 when Nanchen was destroyed by the Sui Dynasty. It inherited the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Sixteen Countries of Wuhu, and then the Sui Dynasty. Because of the long-term opposition between the north and the south, it is called the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Southern Dynasties (420 -589) included four dynasties: Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. The Northern Dynasties (439 -58 1) included the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Friday Dynasty.

In the Southern Dynasties, the royal family was mainly poor or common people. Because the military power is gradually controlled by the poor or civilians, they can usurp the throne. In the early days, the economy gradually recovered and the military strength was strong. Due to the strategic mistakes and strong military strength of the North Korea, the border moved southward one after another. The emperor and the imperial clan often fought bloody battles for the throne. Liang Wudi improved Nanliang, making its national strength strong again. In his later years, the country was eroded, and the Hou Jing Rebellion greatly weakened the strength of the divided Southern Dynasties, and the overseas Chinese clan that dominated the political situation completely collapsed. Although Chen Wendi unified the Southern Dynasties, its national strength declined and it could only rely on the Yangtze River to resist the Northern Dynasties. The Northern Dynasty inherited the Five Hu and Sixteen Countries, and it was a new dynasty where Hu and Han lived together. The royal family of the Northern Wei Dynasty belongs to Xianbei nationality. Influenced by Wuhu culture, most Han officials intermarry with Hu people. Xianbei royal family was also influenced by China culture. The Northern Wei Dynasty was restrained by the softness of the North, and it was not until the friendly Turks annexed softness that they tried their best to deal with the Southern Dynasties. Later, after civil strife and peasant riots in six towns, the strength was greatly reduced. After the Northern Wei Dynasty split the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty, it was quickly replaced by the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty respectively. The Northern Qi Dynasty was dominated by Liuzhen Group, which had strong military strength in the early period. The Xianbei army in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was less than that in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and its political status was not as good as that in the Southern Dynasties. Finally, Guanlong Group initiated by Yu Wentai annexed Beiqi, which was increasingly corrupt politically. After the death of Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty took control of the imperial court, and established the Sui Dynasty by surrendering to Emperor Jing of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. After eight years of operation, he sent troops to destroy and unify China. After the Sui Dynasty unified the world, it merged the Kanto and Jiangnan nationalities to form a new Han nationality and created an open and inclusive Sui and Tang Empire.