The history of tooth soldiers

From 907 to 960, it was the last large-scale period of "Five Dynasties and Ten Countries" in China feudal society. Among the separatist forces, "those who are evenly matched fight, and those who are defeated die first" [1] is full of fierce melee. They know very well that the army must be the main pillar in order to destroy opponents, split the country, expand territory and seize the throne. In the overall expansion of the army, we generally attach importance to the implementation of the tooth soldier system, recruit strong and brave people, and give them careful support as a relying force.

So when did the tooth soldiers of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms originate? How does it form a system? We believe that since the middle Tang Dynasty, the destruction of the equal field system and the officers and men system and the emergence of the recruitment system have opened up broad prospects for the emergence of the tooth soldier system; Our era has become full-time, which provides a hotbed for the emergence of the dental soldier system.

In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the system of land equalization was implemented, and on this basis, the system of officers and men was implemented. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, the system of land equalization was destroyed, and soldiers could only be supplemented by conscription. In the 11th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (723), strong men were recruited as guards. "When the guard, immersed in poverty, escape slightly, (zhang) talk about building strategy, please forget it, don't recruit strong, make it quick crisis, not simple color service, optimal for regulations, ji fugitives will come to national subjugation. Follow it. On the tenth day, we won 130 thousand soldiers. " [2] This can be regarded as the beginning of the official recruitment system in the form of decrees in the Tang Dynasty. Later, the garrison in the town and even the local troops were basically solved by conscription. The implementation of the recruitment system created a prerequisite for the emergence of the tooth soldiers. In the second year of Tang Ruizong Jingyun (7 1 1), we started to set up our department and became official officials. "Since April of the second year of Jing Yun, He Bayansi has been appointed as governor of Liangzhou, serving as my envoy in Hexi. Later, because of the same name, each road can kill soldiers, and six flags are built on the road, and the outside world is heavy on everything. " [3] Since the beginning of the new century, Shuofang, Gulong, Hedong, Hexi, Qixi, Youzhou, Jiannan, Lingnan and other towns have set up our time, the soldiers have gradually become professional, and the army has become the private armed forces of the princes. It can be seen that the tooth soldiers originated in the middle Tang Dynasty.

So how did the tooth soldier system develop? After the Anshi Rebellion, the rebels who surrendered to the Tang Dynasty were transformed into our ambassadors, and the generals who made meritorious counter-insurgency were also appointed as the ambassadors of the secretariat and us, resulting in many towns outside the Tang Dynasty. "It is not only a decline, but also a holiday for soldiers. The number is Fangzhen. The big towns are even more than a dozen states, and the small ones are still three or four. So they will be arrogant, handsome, and handsome will rebel. Land is private, and wars will invade each other. The trend of the world will be divided. " [4] The handsome men in every section of the buffer region recruited brave men as pro-soldiers, sent them as confidants and regarded them as minions, which made the system of tooth soldiers generally develop. Weber's soldiers are a typical example. Tian Yuan, a subordinate of An Lushan, rebelled with An Lushan as the leader and fell into Heluo. After the Anshi Rebellion subsided, Tian surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, and he was appointed as our envoy, regardless of everything. He then checked the household registration, increased taxes, and let the old and weak plow the fields, while the strong were in the army. A few years later, there were hundreds of thousands of people, and he chose 10 thousand vigorous ones with the number of soldiers. This tooth soldier is overbearing and intertwined. In 150 years, the coaches Shi Xiancheng, He Jintao, Le, Zhao Wenyou, Luo, etc. were all in the hands of Ya Bing. At that time, there was a saying: "The Emperor of Chang 'an was the tooth army of the Wei government. "Very powerful. Luo died, and Luo succeeded us. He hates the arrogance of the tooth soldiers, but he doesn't have enough strength to get rid of it. So with the help of Zhu Wen, we fought from within and wiped out 8,000 tooth soldiers, but it was empty. However, Luo Jiang's power collapsed and was subject to Zhu Wen, so he said regretfully, "We can't be wrong to join the thirteen counties in Kyushu." [5] This is a period of great development of the tooth soldiers. After the suppression of the Huang Chao Uprising in the Tang Dynasty, it existed in name only, entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, and the system of tooth soldiers was pushed to its peak.

Since the tooth soldiers of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms are the products of our special forces, their nature is our private armed forces and private professional soldiers. Being treated well by our times, superior to other non-commissioned officers, arrogant and difficult to control, it is a special civilian armed force with the characteristics of the feudal regime of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. Hall. This is Zhu Wen's pro-army in Houliang, roughly Ma Jun. His duty is to keep in front of the account and choose strictly. Must be a "rich warrior". In the first year of Dashun, there were more than 20 combinations. 〔6〕

Yandu. Zhu Wen, the back beam, was first built by Zhu Jin 'e in Tang Zhaozong, and Zhu Hanbin was the military envoy. At that time, Zhu Wen, who was appointed as Xuanwu our time, expanded his power and attacked Yanzhou, Yun and other states with all his strength. Zhu Jin, the envoy of Taining, selected brave men to form Stefanie, and became a pioneer in the fight against Zhu Wen. Zhu Wen, choose hundreds of warriors to form the Wild Goose Capital, and compete with the Wild Goose. "Hearing about this, they also chose 100,000 troops, not as an army, named' Wild Goose Capital', and appointed Han Bin as a military envoy. The purpose at that time was' Zhu'. " 〔7〕

Silver gun effectively saves the capital, also known as silver gun effectively saves the army. Back beam, our ambassador, Yang. After Yang surrendered to Zhu Wen, Yu Liang Kaiping killed Pan Yan and Zang, the generals of Wei State, and expelled Luo from our time. Zhu usurped the throne and appointed Yang as China's ambassador. "I am proud of my achievements and rely on the masses. I'm good at cutting money. I chose the bravest soldiers in the army and bought thousands of silver guns. I gave them generous gifts, and when I went back to the past, I wanted to be prosperous. " [8] According to the "Qing Louis" cloud: "Gun materials are scarce and perfect, while Weizhou stone house materials are more accessible. When Yang was young, the Silver Gun Festival was held here. " [9] Because of its good material, it may be called a silver gun. Zhu Wen, Zhu Youzhen, Zuo Tianxing's military ambassador. "When Taizu first marched in the sky, he was the most pro-Wei and took the emperor as the ambassador for the left day." [10] There are Star Troops in the Imperial Army of Zhu Wen, which may have followed the designation of the old soldiers.

Li Keyong, the crow army in the later Tang Dynasty. When Li Keyong served as our time in Yanmen, he chose Shatuo pro-army, with cavalry as the core. The military uniforms used are all black, so they are called Raven Army [1 1]. Elite. "At the age of 28, for the general at least, but Huang Chao, changan after. Soldiers are the strongest, and all generals are afraid of them. When you use one eye, people call it "cyclops". " 〔 12〕

Li Keyong, Yi 'er Army in the later Tang Dynasty. "If you choose the brave in the army, you will raise more children." Ouyang Xiu's History of the New Five Dynasties includes Biography of Il. He said: "The Tang Dynasty was named Shatuo, which originated in the north. Everything it owned was heroes and warriors. I often raise it with my son, which is called' one army'. " This is the most trustworthy and elite tooth soldier.

The silver gun is in front of the account. Li was founded on 9 15. Weizhou Silver Gun Festival is set up by Houliangyang. Yang died, and in the last years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, fearing that the soldiers were arrogant and difficult to control, he cut Tianxiong Army, Wei Jun Army and Yi Army into Zhao Dejun, and took Zhang Jun as our time. Today, Wei, North and Bo are still heavenly armies. What is our army and Wei is our army? The tooth soldiers in Weizhou refused to accept, and the tooth general Zhang Yan incited the tooth soldiers to say, "The imperial court tried to break with our military government. What's more, our six countries were all buffer region governments before, and we have never been far beyond the river gate. Once you leave your loved ones and arrive in the village, life is not as good as death. " I started a rebellion. At the end of the emperor's rebellion, Li killed seven people, including Zhang Yan, with great wisdom and courage, and occupied Weizhou without bloodshed. He commanded the Jie Jun Silver Gun Team of 8,000 people, became a brave pro-army, and won all the strength in the battle with Hou Liang. [13] Take Li Jianhe as the former general.

The capital of golden guns. Li xucun. "Wei, because the gun army established the silver gun before Li Shimin, and then established the golden gun army. Philip Burkart's eldest son is the commander of the golden gun who was born in the trial. " 〔 14〕

Li Keyong, the capital of Hengchong, was placed in 896 AD and was taken over by Li Siyuan. Li Siyuan personally rode for Li Keyong. "Jia did his best, that is, he was called' Hengchong Capital' by his 500 riding numbers, so the emperor of the two rivers was Li Hengchong." 〔 15 〕

Tie Linjun was appointed in Ganning and Li Keyong of Tang Zhaozong, Zhou Dewei was appointed as the military envoy of Lin Tie, Yuan Jianfeng was appointed as the Marquis of Lin Tie and Li Jianchong was appointed as the commander of Lin Tie. 〔 16〕

Tianwei Army. After 936 AD, it was placed in Shijingtang of Jin Dynasty. "At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, I set up a township soldier, named Tianwei Army. I have taught for more than 20 years. The villagers are not in the army, but they are not available. I got to know about it. However, the seven families lost ten thousand, and the first one knew that they had lost their official position, but the rogue children refused to plough mulberry again and gathered the mountains as thieves. " [17] Shi Jingtang learned that he was a soldier.

The classroom in front of the temple. In 954, he settled in Guo Wei in the later Zhou Dynasty. "In addition, most of the brave people were stored in the buffer region, and the brave people in the world were recruited and sent to the Imperial Palace, so that Emperor Taizu (Zhao Kuangyin) chose them as the class in front of the temple." [18] Zhou Shizong: "People who are brave and brave mostly come from thieves, so they are asked to recruit people who should live, that is, they will be punished by guards for their crimes." [19] further expanded his team.

Dark clouds are everywhere. Wu yang xing mi Zhu Yanshou is captain Qingyun. The secret service began with Cao Ze's thirty-six heroes. Tang thought Huainan was our time and defeated Sun Ru. "Sun Ru sent more soldiers to find Cai Guoren, who secretly selected five thousand healthy people. He was given thick soap and armor, and he was named "the capital of dark clouds". I often think that I am pro-military, so that I can get into the trap first and the neighbors are afraid. "[20] posthumous title Wu Zhinan Tang, who crossed the Black Cloud, has been preserved, and it is a royal guard.

Dark cloud sword Wu yang xing mi "At that time, Taizu had tens of thousands of soldiers, whose army was called Dark Cloud Sword, and his followers Liu Wei and Tao Ya were called thirty-six heroes." 〔2 1〕

All minions Tian Qi was appointed ambassador. "Hundreds of people died in the constant livestock, and they were called' slaves'. They are invincible and have their strength. " 〔22〕

Silver guns are all. Wu yang xing mi Take Yuan Zhen as the commander of the silver gun. "Yuan Zhen, a native of Chenzhou, was originally a silver gun ambassador of Taizu." [23] The role and prestige are not as good as Li's Silver Gun.

Stefanie Zhu Jin, our military envoy to Taining, was established in the early years of Tang Zhaozong as a pioneer in attacking Zhu Wen. "Liang Zuzhi attacked Yan and Yun, and Zhu Jin raised hundreds of brave people, named' Swallow'." 〔24〕

Pro cavalry before Shu Wang Jianli. "More than four hundred people are self-serving pro-riding troops. They are all brave and good at fighting, holding purple flags, each with its own name. Whenever the war is unfavorable, supplemented by the purple flag, it is invincible. " 〔25〕

Jueyundu Former Shu Wang Jianli. "Build an army, know what the cloud is about, make Wang Zongkan the next commander, and send eight thousand soldiers to Yuzhou." [26] Wang Jian also built decisive capital, prestige capital and wave-breaking capital.

Yisheng Army and Dingyuan Army. Passing the home in Liu Zhixiang, Shu Meng. In the first year of Tiancheng (926), Meng Zhixiang was appointed as our ambassador to Xichuan. "It is to train a soldier. It has Wang Shu's ambition ... It is advisable to set up armies such as Yisheng and Dingyuan, with sixteen battalions and sixteen thousand men." 〔27〕

A broken wood is always home. "At that time, our army all embroidered axe-shaped clothes, which were called' Broken Wood Capital'. Zhou Zhu's surname is Chai Ye. " [28] This is a temporary measure designed to attack Zhou Shizong and Chai Rong. Nothing more than seeking good luck, trying to win by luck.

Eight soldiers. The soldiers expanded to thirteen capitals, and in the first year of Tang Guangming (880), Dong Chang and Qian Liu were set up. "Dong Chang is a regiment that trains eight soldiers and unites them by drawing lots." "The rate is thirteen soldiers." [29] This is the basic strength of Qian Liu and Zhejiang. In addition, Qianliu also has a "capital of the Ming Dynasty".

The city of gratitude. Dong Chang, our ambassador to the Microbiology Army, bought it. "Chang Naiji, a rogue, cut off his wrist and ears, and nicknamed' the city of gratitude' as his heart." 〔30〕

Houlou Bingzhou, Zhenhai Ambassador. "Zhenhai's envoy raised thousands of pro-soldiers, and the number was Hou Jianbing." 〔3 1〕

Chen Gong, the capital of crane control. Wang, our ambassador to Fujian. "Yitezu Yuancong is the capital of Hekong, and he named (Zhu) as the commander-in-chief, and (Lian) was the commander-in-chief of Hekong again, so he was a pro-soldier." 〔32〕

Chen. Fujian, Kang Zong and Wang Jipeng. "At the beginning, the emperor took the heart as the center and raised two thousand warriors, named the capital of Chen Wei, and gave them to Chen Gong and Hekong respectively." 〔33〕

Yokai Capital. "There are 8,000 soldiers in Nanhan, specializing in pearl picking, and it is known as the capital of Mei Chuan." 〔34〕

Ship capital. Liu Lijia, the emissary of our Qing navy. Ji Yangan, commander of the water army, and Shi Leiguan, commander of the giant ship, often invaded the sea to plunder the gold and silk of the merchants, which was the price of Zhongzong's leaving the palace. [35] Guangzhou, the capital of the Southern Han Dynasty, is close to the South China Sea, so there are many water forces.

Silver guns are all. In the eighth year of Tianfu (943), Chu Ma Xi set up. /kloc-in October/February, the king bought 8,000 silver guns, which were big spears and plated with platinum to raise money for the rich and young [36].

Jing Jiang jun Chu ma Xi calyx set Take Yang Dingzhen as the image ambassador of Jingjiang. "Xi learned that Langya Dingzhuang was a rural soldier, so he was named Jingjiang Army." 〔37〕

Dingba capital. Lu long, our ambassador, Liu renhong's family. In the third year of Emperor Taizong's reign (906), "Liang attacked Cangzhou, and Liu Rengong instructed all the people over the age of 15 and under the age of 70 to write their faces, saying,' Ding'." 〔38〕

From the titles of the tooth soldiers in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, it can be seen that the tooth soldier system is the most common system in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. There are only a small number of dental troops in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, but it can also reflect the general situation of the military system in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. The festival history and secretariat history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, except the town festivals set up around the Anshi Rebellion, were mostly produced after the suppression of the Huang Chao Uprising. Most of these exercises come from the soldiers and generals, and then command the soldiers. They are bloodthirsty, greedy and ferocious, and they are a group of martial artists who lack cultural literacy. In our time, the secretariat is based on the soldiers, allowing them to enjoy generous special treatment and controlling other soldiers through them; Some soldiers are targeted and need to be set up temporarily for the battle, such as the "Broken Wood Capital" in Houshu and the "Wild Goose Capital" in Zhu Wen. There were infantry, cavalry and sailors in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. The organizational system of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms tooth soldiers.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the soldiers of our army often used "Du" or "Jun" as the serial number, and its organizational system was difficult to verify because of the lack of historical materials. However, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms are in the position of connecting the past with the future, and we can get some clues from the military system of the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. As far as the Imperial Army of the Five Dynasties is concerned, the Imperial Army of Hou Liang inherited from the Tang Dynasty and was composed of six military guards and guards. After the establishment of the Guards Ma Jun in Tang Dynasty, the Guards Ma Jun and the Guards Bu Jun became the two main forces of the imperial army, and the status of the Guards of the Sixth Army gradually declined. During the ruling period, the status of the army has been rising, and it has gradually become a powerful force that keeps pace with the guards and guards. Zhou Shizong reformed the military system, and the status of Qian Dian Army was greatly improved, which opened the imperial pattern of Qian Dian Division and Guards Division in Song Dynasty. Its organizational system adopts four levels: carriage, army, battalion and capital. Under the old system of the Five Dynasties in Cheng Song, the military establishment unit was Xiang, and there were 25,000 people, one under Xiang, the next under the army, and the next under the army. "In today's military system, hundreds of people are the capital, five are the camp, five are the army, and ten are the compartments." [42] According to the above situation, we combine the official names that appeared in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries to discuss the following issues. First, about "Du".

"Du" was a military organizational unit from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties. For every 100 people, Ma Jun set up military envoys and deputy military envoys; Infantry units shall have commanders and deputy commanders. However, the "capital" of our troops has a double meaning. First, a pro-army of our army is under our command, which is similar to the establishment of a rank in the forbidden army. The second is to do first-level preparation in the army. In history books, there are often heads and vice heads; Military envoys, deputy military envoys and other official names appear, and we have reason to believe that there are also various levels of establishment among our soldiers.

Second, about the establishment of our soldiers.

In the historical records of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, we often see commanders, commanders, commanders, deputy commanders, commanders-in-chief, captains, dentists, deputy ambassadors, judges, judges, judges, judges, judges, judges, judges, judges, judges, judges, judges, judges, judges. Our commander-in-chief, commander, battalion commander, commander and deputy commander (cavalry); Dutou, deputy Dutou (infantry) Its military and political affairs are managed by Duya or both sides, and the marching operations are commanded by our army commander, commander and commander. All commanders make the officers below be called generals, generals and generals. Third, about the capital.

How to write the following capitals? The sixth volume of the Spring and Autumn Annals of Ten Kingdoms and Biography of Li Hou provide us with some clues. Hou Li is the captain of Yang Xingmi Dark Cloud. Zhu Yanshou knew that Shouzhou was powerful, and he was thick in the army, and tens of thousands of border troops surrounded Shouzhou. Life-prolonging military system, each flag in the army rides 25 times, and the life is thick and ten flags attack. "According to the biography of Zhu Yanshou, the same book has 13 volumes," Yanshou New Army comes out and rides every five times. "Judging from the above materials, the preparation of the Dark Cloud Capital is based on five people (riding), five columns of twenty-five people (riding) as the flag, ten flags with two hundred and fifty people as the team, and the team is the capital. Its official names may be sergeant, flag (head) and captain. Flag commanders and team leaders can generally be called dental schools and column schools, while military commanders are called primary schools. The above is only inferred from Zhu Yanshou's Black Clouds, which naturally does not represent the establishment of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and is for reference only. The tooth soldiers of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were mainly recruited by warlords from the society, but after careful analysis, there are roughly several sources.

First, send it to the society as a soldier. For example, Liu Rengong's "Dingba Capital" used his position and power of Lu Long to distribute1men over 5 years old and under 70 years old, each of whom was prepared to join the army, winning more than 200,000 people, which was not voluntary.

Second, raise funds from the society. For example, Kangzong in Fujian trained 2000 strong men to serve them. Zhu Wen recruited warriors for the army.

Third, we should choose among our sergeants. "History of the Old Five Dynasties, San Ji in the Ming Dynasty" says: "The dental team set up by me and the secretariat can be transferred from the military capital." For example, Yang selected thousands of brave soldiers in the army and gave them a generous gift as the capital of a silver gun.

Fourth, raise a fake child as a dental army. The eunuch who raised a fake son as a Qinbing began in the late Tang Dynasty. "At the end of the Tang Dynasty, eunuchs trained soldiers and raised more strong men as sons in the army to strengthen themselves." [39] Yang Fuguong raised Hu Weizi, with as many as 600 people, numbered as "the house outside the husband". As a result, the generals followed suit, and An Lushan raised 8,000 fake children. Li Siyuan and others are his adopted sons, forming a brave and loyal Il Army. 〔40〕

Fifth, the state sends non-commissioned officers as our special envoy for time and the secretariat team. "Self-respect and self-respect, doubt and know that there are different ambitions, and the listener will keep surprisingly States with his cronies. Every time, except for the garrison commander, the team will be composed of elite soldiers, ranging from 2,000 to 3,000, and from 500 to prepare for priority. " 〔4 1〕

Sixth, call a good man to be a soldier. For example, Zhu Wen recruited soldiers from rich children to stay in front of the account.

Seventh, the adaptation of pawn as a tooth soldier. For example, Yang Xingmi collected 5,000 people who died in Sun Ru as the capital of dark clouds.

From the source of the tooth soldiers in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the composition was more complicated, especially the recruitment of a large number of children of bandits, stragglers and fierce thieves, which further increased the cruelty, greed and unruly of the tooth soldiers. First, be brave and good at fighting.

Soldiers of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, after careful selection, are brave and good at fighting, and often play a decisive role in the melee between warlords. Li "won nearly 8,000 people at the Weizhou Silver Gun Festival, thinking that all pro-troops are brave and invincible, and the battle of rivers depends on their use and has repeatedly made outstanding achievements." [43] For example, in the Liu Hu War in 9 18 and 12, Liang Jun entered the war and the Jin army was defeated. Zhou Dewei couldn't stop it, and both father and son died. Lee had to close the skirmisher according to Gao Qiu. There is a dirt mountain in the middle of the valley occupied by He Huan's army. Li said to the soldiers, "whoever wins this mountain today will win, and I will take it away." That is, the cavalry went first, and the silver gun generals Li Congke and Li Jianhe led the silver gun army forward, so they controlled the commanding heights. That night, Li and Li Jianhe led the silver gun army to the front and suffered a heavy defeat. Jin Jun finally turned defeat into victory by relying on the silver gun, then crossed the Yellow River and finally destroyed the Liang Dynasty. There are many such cases, which are not redundant. Second, it is difficult to control.

Although the tooth soldiers of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were brave and good at fighting, they were arrogant and difficult to control. They turn their hands into clouds and cover their hands for rain, which has become a curse. In the fifty-third year of the Five Dynasties, "there were thirteen kings in Yi Wu, and eight kings who died and killed." [44] Toothed soldiers are all involved. Zhu Wen was conspired by his son Zhu and Zuo Longhu's whole army, and led 500 troops. He was beheaded in his bedroom at midnight and stabbed to death. In the later Tang Dynasty, he claimed to be the emperor after destroying Liang with a silver gun in front of Li Shimin. Because Queen Liu loves money, she can't satisfy the insatiable desire of Weizhou Tooth Soldiers. Huangfuhui and Zhang led the army of teeth to make an insurrection, while Guo led the army of teeth to shoot Li. "At the beginning, Ke Liang of Zhuang Zongzhi also relied on the strength of Weizhou Tooth Soldiers, and his death, as well as Huang Fuhui and Zhang Zhizhi, also started from this." [45] It is really a tooth soldier, and death is also a tooth soldier. As for the abolition of our times and secretary of state, it is even more common, and history is inexhaustible.

The reason why Ya Bing is unruly, unruly and lawless is entirely caused by the warlords themselves. They are favored in all aspects with the support of the tooth soldiers. For example, there are 10,000 pro-troops in Li Keyong, all of whom are border residents, violating discipline and suffering. Around, Huang Wu said, "Today, all the governors in the four directions are rewarded handsomely to support the warriors. If I discipline them, they will soon abandon me, and I can guarantee that! " [46] Li Keyong's words expressed the feelings of the warlords of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. They are afraid of rebelling and being isolated, so they tolerate them and dare not discipline them. What's more, in order to achieve their own goals, warlords encouraged them to bite their teeth and suck up bad things. For example, Wang Jian wants to occupy Chengdu and be king. "He often lures his soldiers to say: Chengdu is full of flowers and plants. Once you get it, your children will take it away at will, and our time will be with you." [47] It is such a joke that Wu Han, a pupil, got on the horse in our festival hall many times, but the dentist stopped him. Wu Han was angry and said, "Stuart (Wang Jian) promised me to be our festival every day, so why get on the horse!" Wang Jian had no choice but to secretly send someone to stab him to death. Therefore, the arrogance of the tooth soldiers is completely favored by warlords, and the harmfulness of the tooth soldiers is reflected in this feature. The harm of tooth soldiers was also seen by Qidan Yeludeguang. In his first imperial edict when he invaded the Central Plains in 947 AD, he said: "From now on, we don't need to buy tooth soldiers and market war horses any more." [48] I know that if we want to stabilize the throne, we must cut off our private soldiers.

Soldiers from five generations and ten countries became imperial troops with the commander-in-chief proclaimed himself emperor.

Tooth soldiers are not static, they are the predecessors of the imperial army, which is the development of the tooth army. When the commander-in-chief's army is bigger than the country, the tooth army will be upgraded to the imperial army. "Mao's generals are all old people from four towns." [49] He often goes to the left and right Dragon and Tiger Army to entertain ministers and praise them, saying, "The Dragon and Tiger Army is really a pawn in the pro-soldiers." 50. After the late Tang Dynasty was in Li Jianli, the original tooth soldiers were also upgraded to the imperial army. The bodyguard is the emperor's private soldier, composed of pro-soldiers in front of the Jin king's account, enjoying considerable privileges and directly accepting the emperor's control. After the Jin Dynasty established Shi Jingtang, it promoted the former commander-in-chief of San Francisco to the imperial army, with Yang Guangyuan as the bodyguard and Liu Zhiyuan as the bodyguard and commander-in-chief, commanding all the imperial troops.

Set up prosecutors to inspect soldiers.

It is worth noting that prosecutors were also set up during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period to inspect overbearing soldiers. According to "Biography of Yu Wanqing in the Spring and Autumn Period and Ten Kingdoms" (Volume 87), "Yu Wanqing, a native of Zhou Mu, was loyal to Wang Yi, was in charge of military affairs and was fearless of pro-troops." Wu Yueguo set up procuratorial organs and officials to monitor pro-soldiers. Although it is a special case, it can be seen that they have noticed the constraints on the pro-soldiers, which has a certain effect on Wu Yueguo's policy of protecting the people. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin immediately began to reform the military system, which was obviously targeted. In view of the arrogance of the private soldiers and the tooth soldiers in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, "nip in the bud and make songs for it" made a fuss about the prevention of private soldiers.

Zhao Kuangyin was born in the Five Dynasties, and was recruited to live under the account of Zhou Taizu. He personally met the sergeant holding the yellow flag and made Guo Wei the Emperor of Zhou. Zhou Shizong learned that Zhang Yongde served as a guard in front of the temple and held the command of the imperial army. Sejong died, planning a mutiny in Chen Qiao, and the yellow robe was added as the son of heaven. He is well aware of the dangers of taking charge of private soldiers in our time. How to firmly control the army in the hands of feudal emperors under the recruitment system, eliminate the threat of arrogant soldiers and buffer regions to the central government, and prevent the newly established Song Dynasty from becoming the sixth short-lived dynasty after the Zhou Dynasty, has been an important topic on Zhao Kuangyin's agenda from the beginning. Starting with the elimination of our special forces, Zhao Kuangyin began to reform the military system on two issues: strengthening the central imperial army and weakening our strength.

First, Zhao Pu's suggestion of "slightly seizing its power, controlling its money valley, and accepting its elite soldiers" [5 1] was accepted. Starting from two years, Murong Zhaoyan was appointed as our time in front of the temple, and the guards and pro-army commanded Bill Han. The sentry in front of the temple was removed and the emperor directly commanded the imperial army. Secondly, gradually cut off the military power, and let Gao Huaide, Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi, Zhang Lingduo and other generals surrender their military power in the army by means of carrot and stick and material temptation. Third, Wang Yanchao and Wu Xingde, who were slow to command the former power, were listed as health, and the military power was cut off, which made them feel overwhelmed.

On this basis, the Imperial Army was reorganized into the Imperial Palace Division and the Guards Division. The Imperial Palace Division set up a commander-in-chief in front of the temple, the Guards Division set up a commander-in-chief in the infantry and a commander-in-chief in the Ma Army. The so-called three generals are in charge of the imperial army, and the power is concentrated in the hands of the emperor. The Privy Council was established, with civil servants as Tang envoys, and the command of the emperor over the army was separated from the command of Tang envoys, and the command was divided and ruled, which restricted each other. Divide the 200,000 imperial troops into two parts, with100000 stationed in Beijing and100000 stationed in various places, with internal and external control, focusing on internal and external control and light control. The generals of the imperial court were transferred to other posts and frequently mobilized, so that the soldiers and generals were separated and the soldiers were able to Shuai Shuai. Without heavy power, it is difficult to form a tangled chess piece and rely on soldiers to be proud. Change our time to an honorary title, and the prince will take it from afar. In short, the reform of the military system in the early Song Dynasty, from the guiding ideology to the specific measures, was aimed at the separatist regime and private soldiers in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. It can be said that it is a summary of the evolution of the military system in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, which put an end to the endless coups in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, eliminated the worries of the rulers, removed the cancer of the private soldier system in our time, ensured the long-term stability of the army, and firmly held the military power in the hands of the emperor. After the reform of the soldier system in the early Song Dynasty, the tooth soldier system also came to an end and withdrew from the historical stage. Zhao Song's rule lasted for more than 300 years.

The system of tooth soldiers in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is the product of our special forces. It originated in the middle Tang Dynasty, flourished in the late Tang Dynasty, reached its peak after five dynasties and ten countries, and gradually disappeared in the early Song Dynasty. From the opposite side of this evolution track, people can also vaguely observe that history is moving slowly from division to unity.